• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.359-368
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• 1996

The performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine using light oil, heated, rice-bran oil , heated rice-bran oil treated with ultrasonic wave, used frying oil, use frying oil treated with ultrasonic wave, used frying oil, used frying oil treated with ultrasonic wave, methyl esters of rice-bran oil and used frying oil have been compared. All the fuels performed satisfactorily in a precombustion chamber-type diesel engine without injection pump recalibration or any engine modification at the range of engine speed from 1600 to 2800 rpm at its full load during a sort period , with the rice-bran oil and rice-bran oil treated with ultrasonic wave requiring somewhat preheating when ambient temperature was below 15$^{\circ}C$. General performance and emission characteristics of light oil and bio-oils were comparable , with the bio-oil based fuels giving very low SO$_2$ and lower smoke readings.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.271-280
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the causal relationship among oil consumption, oil-tanker accidents, and economic growth, and to derive policy implications from the results. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the short term, long term, and strong causality factors pertaining to the relationship between oil consumption, oil-tanker accidents, and economic growth in Korea using time-series techniques and annual data for the 1984-2016 period. Tests for unit roots, co-integration, and Granger-causality based on an error-correction model are presented. The results show that bidirectional causality exists between oil consumption and oil-tanker accidents, between economic growth and oil consumption, and between oil-tanker accidents and economic growth. The study shows that oil was used as a core energy source during the rapid economic growth of Korea in the past, and that this caused the number of oil-tanker accidents to rise as oil consumption increased.

• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.238-243
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• 2011

We investigate new polyols based on castor oil for polyurethane. In order to introduce primary alcohol groups, which exhibit higher reactivity with isocyanate than secondary alcohol groups, the secondary alcohol groups on castor oil were modified with maleic anhydride and aminoalcohol derivatives ($H_2N$-R-OH). The reactions with various molar ratio of castor oil and maleic anhydride were done at relatively low reaction temperature in the absence of catalyst. The polyols based on castor oil with flexible side-chains exhibit better miscibility with conventional synthetic polyols.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.785-794
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• 2020

Food Codex regulations have set freshness limits for oils used to fry food, such as potato and fish products, and fried food itself; however, no such freshness limits have been set for meat products, such as sweet and sour pork. The freshness standard suggest that acid values (AVs) and peroxide values (POVs) for frying oil should be less than 2.5 and 50, respectively, whereas AVs and POVs for common fried food should be less than 5.0 and 60, respectively. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the effect of the number of frying cycles on oxidation-promoted changes in the oils used to fry sweet and sour pork and fried food itself during repeated frying over 10 d by determining their AVs and POVs, which were found to be highly correlated. Soybean, canola, palm, and pork lard oils could be reused approximately 37, 32, 58, and 87 times, respectively, to fry sweet and sour pork based on oil freshness, and 78, 78, 81, and 286 times, respectively, based on the freshness of fried food. Our data may help establish food-quality regulations for oils used to fry animal-based foods.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1058-1065
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• 2017

Amino acid based surfactants as protein-surfactants is eco-friendly compound. So, amino acid based surfactants is expected as next generation surfactants. Amino acid based surfactants has high biodegradability, low toxicity and surface active properties. In this experiment, amino acid based surfactants, cocoyl glycine, was synthesized by glycine and triglyceride such as coconut oil and palm oil. And it was tested the surface tension, emulsifying properties, foam stability and HLB value. The synthesized surfactants was confirmed by FT-IR. Surface tension of surfactants synthesized by coconut oil on diluted aqueous solutions of surfactants was 31.2 dyne/cm at $1.0{\times}10^{-4}mol/L$. Surface tension of surfactants synthesized by palm oil on the diluted aqueous solutions of surfactants was 42.1 dyne/cm at $3.2{\times}10^{-5}mol/L$. Foam stability measured the foam height as time passed. Initial foam height of surfactants synthesized by coconut oil is 14.5 cm, and 10.7 cm after five minutes. Initial foam height of surfactants synthesized by palm oil is 3.0 cm, and 2.8 cm after five minutes. Foam height of surfactants synthesized by coconut oil was higher than surfactants synthesized by palm oil. But foam stability of surfactants synthesized by palm oil was better than surfactants synthesized by coconut oil. The emulsifying properties of synthesized surfactants are observed in benzene and soybean oil and emulsifying properties in organic solvent is better than in soybean oil.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2008

In this study, fuel qualities including kinematic viscosity and pour point in the various temperature, calorific value and combustion characteristics of two biodiesels based on the soybean and waste oil blended with light oil were investigated and discussed in order to figure out to confirm fuel compatibility taking the place of light oil in the hot air heater or boiler. As biodiesel content ratio increased calorific value of biodiesel decreased, and the difference was 13% between 100%-biodiesel and light oil. In general, pour points of the biodiesels were higher than light oil, and as biodiesel content ratio increased pour point increased. About 15 cSt was the pour point of biodiesels and light oil, which occurred at 3 to $4^{\circ}C$ in the biodiesels and $-25^{\circ}C$ in the light oil. Flame dimensions of biodiesels and light oil were almost same at the same combustion condition in the burner of the hot air heater. CO concentrations in the exhaustion gas were far lower than those of the light oil. Though pour point of biodiesel is a little inferior to light oil, still biodiesel can be an alternative fuel substituting for light oil in combustion system without much modifying the current oil combustion mechanism.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.111-121
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• 2008

An integrated in-line oil monitoring detector assigned for continuous in situ monitoring multiple parameters of oil performance for predicting economically optimal oil change intervals and equipment condition control is presented in this study. The detector estimates oil deterioration based on the information about chemical degradation, total contamination, water content of oil and oil temperature. The oil oxidation is estimated by "chromatic ratio", total contamination is measured by the changes in optical intensity of oil in three optical wavebands ("Red", "Green" and "Blue") and water content is evaluated as Relative Saturation of oil by water. The detector is able to monitor oils with low light absorption (hydraulic, transformer, turbine, compressor and etc. oils) as well as oils with rather high light absorption in visible waveband (diesel and etc. oils). In a case study that the detector is applied to a diesel engine oil, it is found that the detector provides good results on oil chemical degradation as well as soot concentration.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.8
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• pp.1148-1152
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• 2012

The vegetable-based insulating oils are substitutes for mineral oils in oil-filled transformer. The important properties of vegetable insulating oil is their higher flash/fire point and biodegradability than conventional mineral oils. The large oil-filled transformer eliminate the risk of explosion and fire should the transformer fail and oil ignite owing to high flash/fire point of vegetable insulating oil. In addition, higher biodegradability of vegetable insulating oils can let the oil spill damage reduced. In this experiment, the real oil-filled transformers using mineral oil and vegetable oil have accelerated aging. After working on the 100% accelerated aging experiment were conducted comparing the transformer. The hottest-spot temperature using thermal coefficients were calculated to determin the degree of accelerated aging. As a result, apply mineral oil transformer in accordance with the accelerated aging life come to an end. In contrast, vegetable insulating oils showed the opposite characteristics. Vegetable insulating oil compared to the mineral oil are found to be an long life. As a result, the vegetable oil has a long-term stability.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.256-261
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of perilla oil as well as several vegetable oils, including flaxseed oil, canola oil, and rice bran oil on plasma levels of cardioprotective (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids in mice by feeding each vegetable oil for a period of eight weeks. Concentrations of docosapentaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), fish-based (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, showed an increase in the plasma of mice fed perilla and flaxseed oils compared to those of mice in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas rice bran and canola oils did not alter plasma DPA and EPA concentrations. Arachidonic acid concentration was increased by feeding rice bran oil (P < 0.05), but not canola, flaxseed, or perilla oil. In addition, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid concentrations were altered by feeding dietary rice bran, canola, perilla, and flaxseed oils. Findings of this study showed that perilla oil, similar to flaxseed oil, is cardioprotective and could be used as an alternative to fish oil or even flaxseed oil in animal models.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.438-445
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• 2015

Among several thermal wood modification methods German oil heating technology was applied to Korean pine specimens by heat treatment at $180^{\circ}C$ and $200^{\circ}C$. In addition the matched specimens were heat-treated by Thermowood method. The heat-treated specimens were planed and their colors were measured with a colorimeter at 1 mm and 4 mm below the surfaces. The average lightness index (L*) of Oil-180 specimens was the largest followed by Oil-200 and Tmo-200 specimens. The average redness indexes (a*) of all specimens were increased by heat treatment, while the average yellowness indexes (b*) were variable. The average color differences (${\Delta}E*$) of Oil-200 and Tmo-200 specimens were above 30.0, while that of Oil-180 specimens was only 18.4. It can be concluded that the colors of the heat-teated specimens were uniformly changed because their average color difference indexes (${\Delta}E*$) between the inner layers were below 6.0.