• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.17-28
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to investigate and present a method for measuring public accessibility to urban open spaces. A basic assumption is that, for urban open space policies, accessibility is more important than per capita area. In this study, for the purpose of simplicity, a residential area is assumed to have access to open space if it is within a certain distance from an urban open space. Official city planning map is overlayed with a 200m grid and each cell of dwelling area is checked whether it is within a certain distance from a cell categorized as urban open space. A computer program for widely commercialized personal computer is developed for data processing so that local governments without access to more sophisticated systems can carry out similar studies for their own jurisdictions. Five cities, big, small, old and new, are selected to test the proposed method. Dwelling areas of Ansan new Town have highest accessibility to open spaces(93.4% of dwelling cells have open space cell within 500m). Seoul (91.2%), Suwon(78.2%), Pusan(73.8%), and Inchon(61.4%) have less accessibility. If we assume the Ansan City residents are evenly distributed over the dwelling area, 93.4% of the population has open spaces within walking distance of 500m. However, if we consider physical barriers such as arterial roads, railroads, and streams that reduce the accessibility, less than 93.4% of Ansan city residents enjoy good access to open spaces. Though a further detailed analysis is needed to picture the microscopic accessibility, this method can serve as a useful tool for urban open space policy and open space alternatives evaluations.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.549-561
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• 2022

In the Khmer writing system, the Khmer script is the official letter of Cambodia, written from left to right without a space separator; it is complicated and requires more analysis studies. Without clear standard guidelines, a space separator in the Khmer language is used inconsistently and informally to separate words in sentences. Therefore, a segmented method should be discussed with the combination of the future Khmer natural language processing (NLP) to define the appropriate rule for Khmer sentences. The critical process in NLP with the capability of extensive data language analysis necessitates applying in this scenario. One of the essential components in Khmer language processing is how to split the word into a series of sentences and count the words used in the sentences. Currently, Microsoft Word cannot count Khmer words correctly. So, this study presents a systematic library to segment Khmer phrases using the bi-directional maximal matching (BiMM) method to address these problematic constraints. In the BiMM algorithm, the paper focuses on the Bidirectional implementation of forward maximal matching (FMM) and backward maximal matching (BMM) to improve word segmentation accuracy. A digital or prefix tree of data structure algorithm, also known as a trie, enhances the segmentation accuracy procedure by finding the children of each word parent node. The accuracy of BiMM is higher than using FMM or BMM independently; moreover, the proposed approach improves dictionary structures and reduces the number of errors. The result of this study can reduce the error by 8.57% compared to FMM and BFF algorithms with 94,807 Khmer words.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.410-418
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• 2005

PCBs had numerous uses such as hydraulic fluid, heat exchange fluid, sealant, lubricant, and carbonless copy paper. They are most likely found in electric utilities, power stations, industrial facilities, electronic manufacturing plants, petrochemical plants, railroad systems, electric equipment repair facilities, mining sites (active or abandoned), and military camps. Due to its outstanding chemical and thermal stabilities and electrical insulation properties, the commercial and industrial products of PCBs, such as Aroclors, Kaneclors, Clophens, Phenaclors etc., had been widely used as thermal oil and transformer oil from 1930s until the 1970s. The transformer oils were analyzed as a main source of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) emission into the environment. Qualitative estimation of oil extracts as carried out with Aroclor 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260. The transformer oils contained the pure and mixed of Aroclor 1242, Aroclor 1254, and Aroclor 1260. Also, commercial screening kit of 20 ppm and 50 ppm were applied to the transformer oil samples.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.67-77
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• 2020

Purpose: Based on the author's adapted invariant choice, this study is to present the methodology and the calculation of the integral index of the digital component of the quality of life. By analyzing the digital indexes, the study is also to discuss distribution of ICT and the digital quality of life of the population of Kazakhstan and its regions. Research design, data, methodology: In this research, the method of calculation of integral assessment of the indicator was used, which indicates index constructs. The study analyzed objective secondary data for the period 2017-2019, which was the database from official websites of the Committee on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Results: The study produced an integral code for assessing digital components of living standards of the population, consisting of five groups sub-indexes. Conclusions: Based on the provided analyses, we can confirm the existence of a significant difference of all the indicators of digital living standards of the population between the two leading cities: Almaty city and Nur-Sultan city. Furthermore we can deduce the differences of the examined indexes for other regions of Kazakhstan. Despite the rapid adoption of digital technologies, Kazakhstan still has significant digital gaps among cities indicating regional differences in the speed of implementation and distribution of digital technologies.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.351-376
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• 2020

A low level of transparency and trust in the release of government information during the COVID-19 pandemic could decrease the chance of success in handling the coronavirus outbreak. This worldwide pandemic has damaged not only human health but also created an economic and social crisis. Indonesia is no exception. Unfortunately, an analysis of a mixed-method survey of 500 participants found that public perception of transparency in the government's release of COVID-19 information is still at a low level. This perceived low level of transparency generates minimum trust in the information. Only 8% of participants trust the government's information regarding the virus. Even though the Indonesian government launched an official website, www.covid19.go.id, which is intended as a primary source of valid information about COVID-19 in Indonesia, most survey participants had never used the website. However, contrary to the low levels of perceived transparency and trust, most participants said that the messages from the government are clear and easy to understand. This contradiction resulted from skepticism toward the government. Therefore, this research presents a better understanding of how the level of transparency and trust is also related to the level of skepticism of the government.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.48-82
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• 2021

This research article attempts to understand the current situation of fake news on social media in India. The study focused on four characteristics of fake news based on four research questions: subject matter, presentation elements of fake news, debunking tool(s) or technique(s) used, and the social media site on which the fake news story was shared. A systematic sampling method was used to select a sample of 90 debunked fake news stories from two Indian fact-checking websites, Alt News and Factly, from December 2019 to February 2020. A content analysis of the four characteristics of fake news stories was carefully analyzed, classified, coded, and presented. The results show that most of the fake news stories were related to politics in India. The majority of the fake news was shared via a video with text in which narrative was changed to mislead users. For the largest number of debunked fake news stories, information from official or primary sources, such as reports, data, statements, announcements, or updates were used to debunk false claims.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.57-61
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• 2004

Many studies have presented results about the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of Dandelions (Taraxacum officinale). There has yet to be a study which makes comparisons of nutrients based on the parts of the Dandelion. To identify the nutrient composition by part of dandelion, nutrient contents were analyzed. Dandelions were taken from Songpa-gu in Seoul and the nutrient composition of the flower, leaf and root were measured. The nutrient content of each part was analysed by using the method developed by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The proximate components(moisture, protein, fat, fiber, ash, and carbohydrates), minerals and vitamins of the dandelion were analysed. The nutrient composition of the dandelions showed many significant differences among the parts when the differences were determined by using Duncan's multiple range test. The leaf contains more protein, ash, Ca, K, Mg, Zn, vitamin A, B$_1$, B$_2$, and C than the other parts. The root has much more fiber, carbohydrate, P and Fe content. The results demonstrate that dandelions could be used as a food source supplement for fiber, Ca, Fe and vitamin B$_2$ which are common nutritional deficiencies in Korea. It is recommended that more research for other bio-functional factors besides nutrients composition is needed to enhance the utilization of the dandelion.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47
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• pp.200-215
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• 2002

There are some international standards and organization controling the quality characteristics of varieties and seeds such as UPOV, OECD, ISTA, AOSA. The National List system to check variety performance such as quality characteristics of plant varieties and seeds was established by each countries. The UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New varieties of Plant) regulates the requirement of plant variety protection that is distinctness (D), uniformity (U), stability (S) (here in after called DUS), Novelty and Denomination, and some quality characteristics are used to examine the requirement of plant variety protection by each crops. OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation Development) seed scheme regulates the seed certification for seed trade between countries. ISTA (International Seed Testing Association) and AOSA(Association for Official Seed Analyst) regulates the seed analysis standard and methods. Most of the countries in Europe has the National List system, which check the value for cultivation and use(VCU), that is to say, variety performance such as yield, quality and stress to environment. All the seeds should be enlisted in the National List before sell the seed in their country. All the quality characteristics checked variety performance are for instance, amylose and amylopectin content in rice, molting quality, $\beta$-glucan, protein in barley, protein and sugar content in soybean, sugar and amylopectin content in corn etc. Conditions for the protection of new variety of plant are DUS. Quality characteristics may be the important characteristics and used to check DUS in crop by crop. It is very important to develop a new characteristics and establish standard method fur examine the VCU and DUS test for each crop.

• Proceedings of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.61-67
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• 2019

Recently, the central government organizations have changed their Business Management System to the cloud-based On-nara Document 2.0. According to this, the National Archives of Korea is spreading a cloud-based records management system. With the development of digital technology, including cloud computing, preservation and utilization of records must be redesigned continuously to be effective and efficient. It is needed that the process and method of the electronic records management will change from simple digitization of paper-based recording to digital technology. This article offers opinions related to the logical transfer, storage and redundancy elimination of digital objects, machine-readable format, big-data analysis, templates of official documents, and authenticity authentication system based on universally unique identifiers (UUID) and hash value.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.57-84
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of early childhood educators about the role of middle managers in daycare centers. Methods: A survey was conducted with 254 educators including directors, middle managers, and teachers working at daycare centers located in Jeonbuk. An interview was then conducted with 18 educators working at six different centers. IPA for the survey and thematic analysis were performed for the interview contents. Results: The results show that all the participants perceived that communication among managers, daycare staff, and related organizations should be improved most urgently; in the interview, middle managers as a solver of the uncomfortable relationship between directors and teachers and as a linker between generations were emphasized. Also, the directors and middle managers recognized that the skills to have as middle managers needed to be improved most urgently, and the teachers recognized nothing needed to be improved urgently. Different emphasis for the need of supports for environment and systems was made in the interview by each position. Conclusion/Implications: The study discussed the necessity of the official position of middle managers in a daycare center to promote the professionalism of early childhood educators.