• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.109-120
• /
• 1998

Mekuro-Kazoen BLDG. is a complex of office, hotel, and banquet halls, builted in 1991, Tokyo, Japan. This building suggest us various issues about the representation of traditionality in current architecture. We can find the possibility of representation of traditionality in large complex, in past, rarely applicated. Even in Japan, such trial in official building as New Office Building of Tokyo in Sinzuku shows a application only in the elevation plan. In Mekuro-Kazoen BLDG, the applications of traditionality are found not only in external appearance, but also in interior design. And the traditional Japanese gardens in front of building and in atrium enrich the traditionality And the modenity and traditionality in this building are represented simultaneously not deteriorating each other. The issue of representation of traditionality in architecture should be succeed not only in now but also in the future. The method of application need to be studied and improved. The fields of application also should be extended such as large complex buildings and future-oriented buildings.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.5-13
• /
• 2010

Industrialization and urbanization occurred-traffic delay, traffic accident and parking problem etc.-variety of transportation problems. Parking problem is one of the transportation problem then transportation engineers would get involved in trying to solve parking problem. A way to overcome a variety of parking problems needs preliminary data for conditions of parking but it lacks the preliminary data to do so. Thus this study analyzed a characteristic of a parking through a field survey for parking in Daegu Metropolitan City. This study analyzed parking characteristic of parking operation method. This study result reveals difference between a toll parking and a no charge parking characteristic. Thus a close examination for a toll parking characteristic and a no charge parking characteristic is a prerequisite for a rational parking policy.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국실내디자인학회 1999년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.110-113
• /
• 1999

Mekuro-Kazoen BLDG. is complex of office, hotel, hotel, and banquet hall, built in 1991, Tokyo, Japan. This building suggest us various issue about the representation of traditionality in current architecture. We can find the possibility of representation of traditionality in large complex, in past, rarely applicated. Even in Japan, such trial in official building as New Office Building of Tokyo in Sinzuku shows a application only in the elevation plan. In Mekuro-Kazoen BLDG. the application of traditionality are fond not only in external appearance, but also in interior design. And the modernity and traditionality in this building are represented simultaneously not deterioating each other. the issues of representation of traditionality in interior design should be succeed not only in now but also in future. The method of application need to be studied and improved. The fields of application also should be extended such as large complex buildings and future-oriented buildings.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
• /
• 제52권10호
• /
• pp.584-592
• /
• 2003

This paper presents a fuzzy-GA method for the allocation and operation of dispersed generator systems(DGs) based on load model in composite distribution systems. Groups of each individual load model consist of residential, industrial, commercial, official and agricultural load. The problem formulation considers an objective to reduce power loss of distribution systems and the constraints such as the number or total capacity of DGs and the deviation of the bus voltage. The main idea of solving fuzzy goal programming is to transform the original objective function and constraints into the equivalent multi-objectives functions with fuzzy sets to evaluate their imprecise nature for the criterion of power loss minimization, the number or total capacity of DGs and the bus voltage deviation, and then solve the problem using genetic algorithm. The method proposed is applied to IEEE 12 bus and 33 bus test systems to demonstrate its effectiveness. .

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제67권9호
• /
• pp.1249-1256
• /
• 2018

For the screening factor of the tunnel and overbridge structure in the electrified railway, the ITU-T regulation denotes only a theoretical estimation method, and the actual numeric values are notified differently by the official announcement of each nations. In this study, the factors which can affect the screening factor are investigated and analysed by FEM and a suitable calculation method based on multi-conductor line theory for the current pre-estimation formula for the induction noise voltage in the national notice is presented. The case studies are performed using the real data of the tunnel and the overbridge of the electrified railway, and a satisfactory formula for the determining of screening factor is derived.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.234-240
• /
• 2014

플룩사피록사드는 카복사마이드계 살균제로 효소 작용을 억제하여 식물체 내 존재하는 균사의 성장을 막는 역할을 한다. 2012년 미국에서 최초로 사용 등록 되었으며 국내에서는 국외의 기준 요청 및 수입식품의 안전관리를 위해 사과, 배에 잔류허용기준이 고시되었다. 플룩사피록사드는 증기압이 낮아 GC로의 분석이 어렵고, 아마이드기를 가지고 있는 구조적 특징을 이용해 UV 영역 특정파장에서 흡광도를 나타낼 것으로 판단되어 분석을 위한 기기로 HPLC-UVD를 선택하였다. 추출용매로는 추출효율을 비교하고, 각 용매의 장단점을 비교하여 아세토니트릴로 하였고, 2단계의 정제 과정을 통해 간섭물질을 효과적으로 제거하였다. 정제 1단계는 액-액 분배로 증류수, 디클로로메탄, 포화식염수를 이용한 층분리를 통해 극성의 간섭물질을 제거하였고, 정제 2단계는 실리카 카트리지를 이용하여 에틸아세테이트/디클로로메탄 혼합액의 정제효율을 비교하여 디클로로메탄 10 mL와 에틸아세테이트/디클로로메탄(5/95, v/v) 2 mL로 씻어내고 에틸아세테이트/디클로로메탄 혼합액(5/95, v/v) 15 mL로 용출하는 것을 선택하였다. 이 때 본 분석법에 의한 플룩사피록사드의 정량한계는 0.05 mg/kg, 검출한계는 0.01 mg/kg으로 나타났다. 개발한 분석법의 선택성과 정확성을 검증하기 위해 0.05 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg의 처리농도로 회수율 실험을 한 결과, 평균 회수율이 80.64~113.96%, 분석오차는 10% 미만으로 나타나 코덱스 가이드라인(CAC/GL 40)에 적합하였다. 또한 본 연구에서 개발한 분석법이 공정분석법으로의 신뢰성을 갖기 위해 LC-MS를 이용하여 재확인 시험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과 382 m/z가 최적화됨을 확인하였다. 따라서 플룩사피록사드의 안전관리를 위해 선택적이고 신뢰성 있는 분석법으로 적극 활용될 것이다.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.252-261
• /
• 2020

Currently, the potentiometric titration and the high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method were utilized in Korean Pharmacopoeia XII (KP XII) as well as other pharmacopoeias (USP, EP, BP) for determination of loperamide hydrochloride in raw materials and capsules, respectively. The research objective is to overcome the remaining drawbacks from current methods such as solubility of mobile phase (KP XII), less scientific approach (USP 43) or using paired-ion chromatography reagent which shows some limitations (BP2017 and other formulation monographs). The proposed method was optimized by Design of Experiment (DoE) tool to obtain the satisfied method for determination of loperamide hydrochloride. The optimal condition was performed on the common C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 ㎛) using isocratic elution with the mobile phase containing 40 mM of potassium phosphate monobasic (pH 3.0) and acetonitrile (56:44), at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. The optimized method was validated and met the requirements of the International Conference on Harmonization. The developed method was applied to determine loperamide hydrochloride in capsules and can be used to update the current monograph in KP XII.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.140-148
• /
• 2011

식품의약품안전청에서 고시한 한약재 중 잔류농약 분석법에 따라 천궁 중 bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr 및 chlorpyrifos와 황기 중 acetamiprid, azoxystrobin을 분석한 결과 크로마토그램 상에 많은 간섭물질이 나타나고 회수율이 낮은 문제점이 나타났다. 이를 개선하기 위한 방법으로 액-액 분배 과정 대신 macroporous diatomaceous earth(MDE) 컬럼을 적용하고 정제 시 용출용매 조건을 최적화함으로써 회수율은 황기에서 acetamiprid 89.6~94.1%, azoxystrobin 86.8~94.4%, 천궁에서 bifenthrin 83.6~88.4%, chlorfenapyr 77.4~83.8%, chlorpyrifos 82.6~84.3%, 변이계수(CV)는 전체시료에서 0.5~1.7%로 나타나 잔류농약 분석기준인 70~120% 의 회수율과 10% 이내의 변이계수를 만족하였다. 액-액 분배 과정을 대신하여 MDE 컬럼을 적용함으로써 발암가능 물질로 분류된 methylene chloride 사용을 배제할 수 있어 분석자의 안전성을 증대시킬 수 있었다. 또한 발생하는 폐액의 감소와 전처리 시 노동력 및 시간의 절감, 분석자간의 재현성 양호 등의 이점도 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.285-292
• /
• 2013

Ametoctradin은 triazolopyrimidine계에 속하는 살균제로 역병탄저병을 예방하는 약제이다. 증기압은 $2.1{\times}10^{-10}$ Pa ($20^{\circ}C$)으로 매우 낮아 분석을 위한 기기로 LC를 선택하였으며, HPLC-PDA기기를 사용하여 210 nm에서 400 nm까지 스캔한 결과, 최대흡광파장을 292 nm으로 확인하고 이를 분석파장으로 선택하였다. 추출용매는 물질의 용해도를 고려하여 methanol로 선정하였으며, 액-액 분배 및 정제과정에서는 약제의 n-octanol/water 분배계수($logP_{ow}$, $25^{\circ}C$)가 4.40 (pH 7, $20^{\circ}C$)의 비극성의 물리화학적 특징을 가짐을 고려하여 액-액 분배 단계에서는 dichloromethane, 정제 단계에서는 acetone/hexane (30/70, v/v)을 분석을 위한 용매로 사용하였다. 특히, 컬럼 충진제로 유지, 색소의 비용출성이 우수하고 극성의 물질을 넓은 범위에서 흡착하는 특성을 가지는 florisil을 선택하여 약제에 대한 선택성을 높일 수 있었다. 본 분석법은 회수율 측정(71.9-112.6%)을 통해 코덱스 가이드라인(CAC/GL 40)인 회수율 70-120%, 분석오차 10 미만에 적합함을 보여주어 분석법의 정확성을 확인하였으며, LC-MS를 통한 재확인 과정을 수행함으로써 시험법의 신뢰성과 선택성을 확보할 수 있었다. 또한 재현성을 위해 실험실간 검증을 실시하였으며 그 결과, RSDR(%)는 >0.01 mg/kg, ${\leq}0.1\;mg/kg$범위에서 3.02-14.63%, >0.1 mg/kg범위에서 1.27-7.67%로 코덱스 가이드라인 기준에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발한 시험법은 농산물에 잔류하는 ametoctradin을 분석하기 위한 공정 시험법으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.1185-1189
• /
• 2008

Two HPLC methods such as cefadroxil and cefalexin methods were compared in their performance for the quantitative analysis of the content and purity of $\beta$ -lactamic antibiotic, cefradine, for six bulk drug samples. Between the two methods, the cefadroxil method prescribed by the European Pharmacopoeia (EP) for the determination of impurities in cefradoxil was superior to the cefalexin method prescribed by the EP and by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) for the determination of cefalexin impurity in cefradine in terms of the greater stability of the chromatogram baselines and the higher precision, i.e., the lower % relative standard deviation (RSD). Based on the comparison of the two HPLC methods, the cefadroxil method was recommended to replace the TLC method, which has been prescribed by the EP as the official method for determination of extraneous impurities in cefradine.