• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.96-103
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• 2020

Purpose: In patients with trauma, rhabdomyolysis (RM) can lead to fatal complications resulting from muscle damage. Thus, RM must be immediately diagnosed and treated to prevent complications. Creatine kinase (CK) is the most sensitive marker for diagnosing RM. However, relying on CK tests may result in delayed treatment, as it takes approximately 1 hour to obtain CK blood test results. Hence, this study investigated whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) could predict RM at an earlier time point in patients with trauma, since NLR results can be obtained within 10 minutes. Methods: This retrospective study included 130 patients with severe trauma who were admitted to the emergency room of a tertiary institution between January 2017 and April 2020. RM was defined as a CK level ≥1,000 U/L at the time of arrival. Patients with severe trauma were categorized into non-RM and RM groups, and their characteristics and blood test results were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0 for Windows. Results: Of the 130 patients with severe trauma, 50 presented with RM. In the multivariate analysis, the NLR (odds ratio [OR], 1.252; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.130-1.386), pH level (OR, 0.006; 95% CI, 0.000-0.198), presence of acute kidney injury (OR, 3.009; 95% CI, 1.140-7.941), and extremity Abbreviated Injury Scale score (OR, 1.819; 95% CI, 1.111-2.980) significantly differed between the non-RM and RM groups. A receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that a cut-off NLR value of 3.64 was the best for predicting RM. Conclusions: In patients with trauma, the NLR at the time of arrival at the hospital is a useful biochemical marker for predicting RM.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the dietary habits of boarding high school students in Gangwon based on gender and stress levels. Questionnaires were distributed to 571 boarding high school students and collected from 491 students from June 28 to July 20, 2011. The statistical data analyses were completed using SPSS (ver. 19.0) for the descriptive analysis, independent sample t-test and $X^2$-test. The mean stress score was 23.7 out of 40, and male's stress was significantly higher than female's (p<0.05). The rates of having daily breakfast and dinner were significantly influenced by gender (p<0.01), and the regularity of lunch was significantly different depending on the stress level (p<0.05). Female students consumed less flour based foods (p<0.01), carbonated drinks (p<0.01), juices (p<0.05) and functional drinks (p<0.01) than male students, but male students consumed less cookies and breads (p<0.01). Dietary habits that boarding high school students should improve were an unbalanced diet (38%), too much intake at once (17%) and prejudice against foods (11%), and their primary value in dietary life was preference (33%), followed by staving off hunger (18%) and pleasure (18%). The average level of interest in dietary life was 2.46 (on a Likert-type 3-point scale) and it was significantly higher for female students (2.53) than male (2.40) (p<0.05). About 54% of students washed their hands before a meal when they thought of it, but only 25% of students always scrubbed up. The regularity of breakfast and dinner, frequency of snack intake, dietary habits that need to improve, intrest in dietary life, and washing hands before meals showed significant difference by gender but not by stress levels.

• 한국노년학
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.427-443
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• 2007

본 연구는 노인의 심리적 복지의 하위개념인 자아존중감에 영향을 미치는 요인을 노년기 일자리 참여요인과 인구사회학적 특성, 경제특성, 건강특성을 포함한 노인의 일반적 특성요인을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 자료 수집은 구조화된 설문지를 이용 일대일 면접을 통해 이루어졌으며, 노인일자리사업 참여노인 145명과 비참여노인 150명을 분석대상으로 선정하였다. 분석방법으로는 t-test, ANOVA, 다중회귀분석을 사용하였다. 연구결과, 노년기 일자리 참여집단(38.93점) 노인들이 비참여집단(33.19점) 노인들에 비해 자아존중감 수준이 통계적으로 유의한 수준에서 높게 나타났다. 일자리 참여특성별로 살펴보면, 자아존중감은 '참여기간'과 '경제적 도움정도'에 의해 유의한 차이가 있었다. 또한, 일반적 특성요인들과 일자리 참여여부 요인을 중심으로 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과 자아존중감에 대한 설명력은 29.8%이며, '일자리 참여여부'와 '주수입원', '주관적 건강상태'가 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 일자리 참여여부가 자아존중감에 가장 큰 영향력을 가진 변인으로 나타나 노년기 심리적 복지에 기여하는 중요한 요인임을 시사하고 있다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2006

중 저준위 방사성폐기물 유리화 공정에서 발생되는 분진을 제거하기 위하여 저온용융로 후단에 금속필터를 장착하여 성능시험 및 필터 적용 평가를 실시하였다. 실험결과 기존의 고온세라믹필터와 유사한 차압특성을 보였으며, 유량 $110Nm^{3}/hr$ 기준으로, 필터 자체에 의한 압력손실은 $25mmH_{2}O$, 분진 잔류층에 의한 압력손실은 $67mmH_{2}O$ 정도였다. 따라서 기저차압은 $92mmH_{2}O$ 정도임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 SEM-EDS 분석결과 대부분의 차압은 멤브레인층의 표면에서 발생된 것으로 판단되며, 열화현상에 의한 부식문제등도 발견되지 않았다. 따라서 금속필터의 경우 유리화설비에 적용 가능한지를 분석하고, 장기시험을 통한 충분한 검증이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1726-1733
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• 2015

In order to study the effect of the high-altitude and dusty weather in northwest of China on the corona characteristics of transmission lines, a corona caged based experimental system with sandy and dusty flow condition is numerically investigated and designed. This system overcomes the difficulties caused by harsh environment and offers easy usage for off-site tests. The design parameters are mainly determined by the characteristics of strong sandstorm in northwest region and test requirements. By the comparison of numerical simulation of the particle diffusion in four programs with rectangular or circular air-duct, a practical technology, which introduces swirl to control the particle diffusion length, is obtained. Accordingly, the structure of round air-duct with swirl elbow in inlet and outlet of high level segment is selected as final program. Systems of control and measurement are designed at the same time. Field tuning results show that the test system could ensure the range of sandy and dusty coverage. The wind speed, sandy and dusty concentration could be controlled and meet the requirements of accuracy. The experimental system has many features, such as simple structure, easy to be assembled, disassembled, transported and operated, small space occupied.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.864-872
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• 2000

This study intended to evaluate the validity of the simple nutrition screening test that had been developed with the elderly living in Cheongju as a subject. Nutrition screening score(NSS) and reference standards for nutritional and health status(nutrient intakes, mean adequacy ratio, perceive health, and serum albumin, hematocrit, and hemoglobin) were estimated by using the date obtained in 1996 from the 174 elderly living in Taejon, Statistical analysis showed significant correlations between mean adequacy ratio(MAR) and NSS(r=0.341) and also between NSS and biological indices such as albumin and hematocrit, Around 65-75% of the elderly with perceive health and low level of serum albumin, hemoglobin and hematocrit had NSS$\leq$ll. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values(PPV) were calculated from the crosstabulation of the three categories of NSS(high, moderate, and low nutritional risk) and low categories MAR(< 0.75, undernutrition;$\geq$0.75, normal) to validate the cut-off point for high or low nutritional risk by NSS. It was suggested that point l1 was appropriate as a criterion to determine high risk of undernutrition, but point 16 was better than 17 as criterion to determine low nutritional risk in the Taejon elderly. When point ll was used as a criterion of high nutritional risk, sensitivity, specificity, and PPV are 59.5, 60.5 and 82.1 respectively. When point 16 was used as a criterion of low nutritional risk, sensitivity, specificity, and PPV are 25.6, 95.4, and 64.7%, respectively. In conclusion, nutrition screening test that had been developed can be a simple, easy, and proper instrument to classify the high risk group of undernutrition. A further validation study seems to be required among other groups of individuals for the screening test to the finalized as a more valid instrument identifying Korean elderly at nutrition and health risk(Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 864-872, 2000)

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of spine orthosis and sit-to-stand motor strategies on ground reaction force (GRF) and lower extremity muscle activity. Twenty healthy adult men participated, and subjects randomly performed sit-to-stand motions in three different conditions: Momentum-transfer strategy (MTS); MTS with spine orthosis; and zero-momentum strategy (ZMS) with spine orthosis. GRF data, onset time, and muscle activity were determined and compared using force plate and electromyography. Data were statistically analyzed by the SPSS version 13.0. One-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the statistical significance, and least significant difference was used as a post hoc test. The level of significance was .05. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Peak GRF and relative time to peak GRF were not significantly different in the three different conditions (p>.05). 2. Onset time of four muscles, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, biceps femoris and rectus femoris, in the three different conditions were significantly different (p<.05). 3. The tibialis anterior and rectus femoris muscle activity before hip-off and tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and rectus fermoris muscle activity after hip-off were significantly different in the three different conditions (p<.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.898-904
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• 2006

Effects of sodium bicarbonate (SBC) injection on meat quality and functionality of porcine M. longissimus lumborum were investigated. Fifteen pigs ($100{\pm}5kg$) were randomly selected at a commercial slaughter plant. After slaughtering the loins were dissected from the carcass before chilling at approximately 30 minutes post mortem. The loins were divided into four cuts for sample treatment, and SBC of 0.25 M, 0.40 M and 0.75 M was injected (2% w/w) using a syringe. As SBC injection level was increased, muscle pH increased significantly (p<0.05). SBC injection decreased lightness ($L^*$) values on the surface of muscle. Moreover, with injection of SBC, drip loss %, cooking loss % and shear force were significantly (p<0.05) decreased, whereas WHC and $Na^+$ content were significantly (p<0.05) increased. From panel testing of uncooked pork loin, no significant differences (p>0.05) were found in aroma, off-flavor and drip between injection of SBC at different levels and the control, although color and acceptability were significantly lower (p<0.05) in control pork loin compare with injection of SBC at 0.75 M. In cooked pork loin from the panel test, aroma, flavour, off-flavour and juiciness were found to be similar (p>0.05) on all treatments, but tenderness and acceptability were significantly higher (p<0.05) with injection of SBC at 0.75 M than for control loin. Myofibrillar protein solubility of muscles treated with SBC was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the control, although no significant differences (p>0.05) were found in sarcoplasmic protein solubility between the treatments. These results indicated that SBC injection into pre-rigor porcine M. longissimus lumborum could improve ultimate pork quality characteristics such as meat color, water-holding capacity, and could inhibit muscle protein denaturation due to an increase in muscle pH.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.297-315
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for the leisure space planning desirable for adolescents through survey on their using leisure space. Four hundred sixty-six middle and high school students living in Chongju city, Gwesan-gun and Eumsung-gun responded the first basic questionnaire and 160 students among them answered again the second questionnaire for more information on the site of leisure space they want. Frequency, percentage, $x^2-test$ and Multi-Dimensional Scale were methods of analysis. The results are as follows. Adolescents are wasting their leisure time because of insufficient facilities for productive activities. They use the time, when observed in one week, roaming around downtown, studying in off-school academies, visiting shops and playing in the game rooms. And when observed in a month, they use time meeting friends in coffee shops, visiting restaurants, studying in the libraries, playing in the ground and visiting sports facilities. Adolescents' leisure time were different according to sex, age, father's educational level, mother's occupation, household income, and living area. Students hoped the leisure spares to be located in the neighborhood where they can access easily, and facilities they wanted were small shop-buildings, game rooms, off-school academies, schools, sports facilities, studying moms and libraries. It is necessary that adolescents have opportunities to learn how to use their leisure time healthy in the leisure space. And consideration on adolescents living in the remote rural area have to be dealt importantly in the beginning of various planning.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2005

본 연구는 통신위성 원격측정명령처리기 성능검증모델 CCSDS 원격명령 암호복호 검증에 관한 것이다. 원격측정명령처리기 실험모델에 적용되었던 DES CFB 암호화 알고리즘의 보안성을 보다 강화하기 위해 3개의 키를 사용하는 3DES CFB 알고리즘을 원격측정명령처리기 성능검증모델에 구현하고 그것의 동작을 검증하였다. 3DES CFB 알고리즘에 따른 증가된 KEY와 IV를 위해 외부에 PROM을 두도록 하고 설정된 Index에 대한 키 및 IV를 가져와서 복호화 하도록 하였다. 설계된 3DES CFB 코어의 타이밍 시뮬레이션을 통해 동작 검증 후 Actel사의 A54SX32 FPGA에 구현하였다. 원격측정명령처리기 성능검증모델의 원격명령 암호 복호화 기능 검증을 위한 시험환경을 구축하고 원격측정명령처리기 성능검증모델에 원격명령 전송, 암호 복호화 후 수행코드 모니터링 및 수행에 의한 LED On/Off 확인을 통해 3DES CFB 원격명령 복호화 기능을 검증하였다.