• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.257-263
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• 2013

Although pathogenesis of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unclear, arthritogenic T cells and downstream signaling mediators have been shown to play critical roles. An increasing numbers of therapeutic options have been added for the effective control of RA. Nevertheless, there is still a category of patients that fails treatment and suffers from progressive disease. The recently developed immunosuppressant CP-690550, a small molecule JAK kinase inhibitor, has been implicated as an important candidate treatment modality for autoimmune arthritis. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of CP-690550 on established arthritis using an SKG arthritis model, a pathophysiologically relevant animal model for human RA. CP-690550 treatment revealed remarkable long-term suppressive effects on SKG arthritis when administered to the well-advanced disease (clinical score 3.5~4.0). The treatment effect lasted at least 3 more weeks after cessation of drug infusion, and suppression of disease was correlated with the reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-17, IFN-${\gamma}$, and IL-6 and increased level of immunoregulatory IL-10.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.2 s.23
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• pp.73-79
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• 2007

Objectives : Tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}{\cdot}$(TNF-${\alpha}{\cdot}$) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. This study was designed to investigate the relation between TNF-${\alpha}{\cdot}$ gene polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis in Korean population. Methods : This study was carried out on 103 rheumatoid arthritis patients who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology 1987 revised criteria for rheumatoid arthritis and 208 healthy control subjects. Blood samples from all subjects were obtained for DNA extraction. The extracted DNA was amplified by polymerse chain reaction(PCR). PCR products were visualized by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. We investigated the genotyping of TNF-${\alpha}{\cdot}$ by using Pyrosequencing. Results : The genotypes of TNF-${\alpha}{\cdot}$ gene were GG, AG and AA. While the distribution of TNF-${\alpha}{\cdot}$ polymorphism in control subjects was 92.31%, 7.21%, 0.48% respectively, in rheumatoid arthritis patients was 93.20%, 6.80%, 0.00%(GG, AG. AA). There was no statistical significant allelic frequency difference between control and rheumatoid arthritis groups. Conclusion : We concluded that there was no significant association between TNF-${\alpha}{\cdot}$ gene polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the findings of this study need to be confirmed in more patients and further studies.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.49-61
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was conducted to determine whether or not Kangwhaldoche-tang(Qianghuodaozhi-tang) (KDT) aqueous extracts can protect articular cartilage losses on the Freund's complete adjuvant(FCA)-induced rat rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : 520, 260 or 130 mg/kg of KDT were orally administered once a day for 14 days from 14 days after FCA treatments, and 15 mg/kg of dexamethasone was intraperitoneally administered as reference drug in this experiment. Changes on the body weight, knee circumferences, gross arthritis score, inflammatory tissue prostaglandin(PG) $E_2$ levels were monitored with cartilage collagen components and glucosaminoglycans(GAGs) compositions - chondroitin sulphate, heparin sulphate and hyaluronic acid in the present study. Results : As results of FCA treatment, classic rheumatoid arthritis featuring dramatic decreases of the body weights, cartilage collagen and GAGs contents with increases of the knee circumferences, gross arthritis scores and inflammatory tissue $PGE_2$ levels, were demonstrated in the present study. However, these changes from FCA - induced rheumatoid arthritis were clearly inhibited by treatment of dexamethasone and all three different dosages of KDT. Although overall anti-inflammatory effects of KDT 520 mg/kg were lowered than those of dexamethasone 15 mg/kg treated rats, KDT 520 mg/kg showed more favorable preserve effects on the cartilage GAGs and KDT 260 mg/kg treated rats showed similar preserve effects as compared with dexamethasone 15 mg/kg in this experiment. Conclusions : The present results supported that over 75 mg/kg of KDT showed favorable anti-arthritic effects on the FCA-induced arthritis mediated by suppression of $PGE_2$, representative inflammatory mediator, and may help improve rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.27-40
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• 2000

The influence of moxibustion, a traditional Chinese medical treatment, on type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was examined in DBA/1J mice in vivo. Mice were immunized intradermally twice at the 3-week interval with bovine type II collagen (C Il). The main incidence of arthritis started about on day 30 and lasted to day 60 after the first immunization. Moxibustion with three different regimens, was applied at the acupoint equivalent to GV 4 every other day. Moxibustion, from day 0 to day 30 after the first immunization, suppressed the onset and development of arthritis, as well as anti-collagen antibody level. Treatment with moxibustion, from the day 31 to day 60, also resulted in a significant inhibition of progression of arthritis and production of anti-C II antibody. Thirdly we examined the influence of moxibustion on the established arthritis. Moxibustion given from day 61 to day 120, significantly but mildly decreased the anti-C II antibody level in diseased mice, while the bone erosion and joint destruction were not affected. These results indicate that moxibustion could prevent the incidence and attenuates the development of murine CIA.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.490-503
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• 2010

This study was carried out to know the effects of Gwanjul9-bang (hereinafter reffered to GJ9) on the inhibition of arthritis induced by collagen on DBA/1J mouse. For this purpose, GJ9 was orally administered to mouse with arthritis induced by collagen II. Cytotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, arthritis index, value of immunocyte in draining lymph node and paw joint, rheumatoid factor (IgG, IgM) in serum were measured in vivo. The cytotoxicity against hFCs was not measured in any concentration. The hepatotoxicity was low in GJ9 treated group compared with MTX group. The arthritis index was decreased significantly. In total cell counts of DLN and paw joint, the cells in DLN increased significantly while there was significantly decrease in paw joint. In lymph nodes, $CD19^+$, $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD3^+CD69^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD4^+CD25^+$, $CD3^+CD49b^+$, $CD4^+CD44^+$, $CD3^+CD8^+$ cells increased significantly, $B220^+CD23^+$cells decreased significantly. In joints, $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD4^+CD25^+$, $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$ cells decreased significantly. The levels of IgG and IgM was significantly decreased compared with control. Anti-collagen II in serum was significantly decreased compared with control. The degree of arthritis induced damage of joint of GJ9 group is slight compared with control group in histopathologic observation (Hematoxylin & Eosin, Masson's Trichrome). Comparison of the results for this study showed that GJ9 had immunomodulatory effects. So we expect that GJ9 should be used as a effective drugs for not only rheumatoid arthritis but also another auto-immune disease. Therefore we have to survey continuously in looking for the effective substance and mechanism in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.207-212
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to investigate the relationship between mastery and activity of daily life in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Method: The subjects for this study were 222 patients registered in H University Hospital Rheumatoid Arthritis Center, and the period of data collection was from August 15, 2003 to September 30, 2003. Reliability coefficients of instruments were found Cronbach's Alpha =.74~.94. In data analysis, SPSSWIN 10.0 program was utilized for descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Result: The results were as follows. 1) The range of total uncertainty scores was from 33 to 87 and the mean score of the uncertainty in rheumatoid arthritis patients was 63.27. 2) The range of total mastery scores was from 10 to 27 and the mean score of the mastery in rheumatoid arthritis patients was 18.70. 3) The range of total activity of daily life scores was from 22 to 80 and the mean score of the activity of daily life in rheumatoid arthritis patients was 72.56. 4) The level of mastery was significant correlation with activity of daily life(r=.395, p<.01).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.75-87
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of Herbal-cupuncture with Acanthopanacis cortex Herbal-Acupuncture Solution (AC-HAS) on rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : The author performed several experimental items : it is paw thickness, weight of spleen, expression of $CD4^+,\;CD8^+,\;B220^+$ in the spleen, production of IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and examination of histology. Results : The obstain results are summarized s follows. 1. Treatment group were significantly inhibited the incidence of arthritis, hind paw edema and index of arthritis of CIA mice. 2. Treatment group were significantly decreased splenetic weight 3. The number of $CD4^+,\;CD8^+,\;B220^+$ activated cells were significantly inhibited in treatment group. 4. Treatment group were significantly decreased the amout of IL-4, $TNF-{\alpha}$ of CIA mice.. 5. Treatment group were expressed form of new bone, synoviumin and new margine in histology imperison to control group. Conclusions : Taking all these observations into account, AC-HAS injection is considered to be effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis and put to practical use in future rheumatoid arthritis clinic.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.17-34
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was carried out to know the effects of Gwanjul8-bang(here in after reffered to GJ8) on the inhibition of arthritis induced by collagen on DBA/1J mice. Methods : For this purpose, GJ8 was orally administered to mouse with arthritis induced by collagen II. Cytotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, arthritis index, value of immunocyte in draining lymph node(DLN) and paw joint, cytokine in serum were measured in vivo. Results : 1. The arthritis index was decreased significantly. 2. In total cell counts of DLN and paw joint, the cells in DLN increased significantly while there was a significant decrease in paw joint. 3. In lymph nodes, $CD19^+$, $CD3^+$, $CD4^+/CD25^+$ cells increased significantly, and $B220^+/CD23^+$ cells decreased significantly. 4. In joints, $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells decreased significantly. 5. The levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-17, MCP-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in serum was significantly decreased compared with control. 6. Anti-collagen II in serum was significantly decreased compared with control. 7. The degree of arthritis induced damage of joint of GJ8 group is slight compared with control group in histopathologic observation(hematoxylin & eosin(H&E), Masson-Trichrome(MT) staining). Conclusions : Comparison of the results for this study showed that GJ8 had immunomodulatory effects. So we expect that GJ8 should be used as a effective drugs for not only rheumatoid arthritis but also another auto-immune disease. Therefore there seems to be many clinical research needed in the future.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1124-1127
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• 2003

We evaluated the clinical and laboratory characteristics of five children with Kawasaki disease who had showed arthritis after responding to intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) treatment. Age distribution was between 13 months and six years of age(mean $3.2{\pm}1.6$ years). There were two males and three females. Arthritis occurred when acute symptoms were subsiding, with the average onset on day $5.8{\pm}1.8$ after final IVIG treatment. Arthritis was pauciarticular in three, and polyarticular in two. Regarding laboratory findings, one child was positive in rhematoid factor and changed to negative after two months. Three patients were examined for HLA B27 and all showed negative results. High dose aspirin(two cases), anti-inflammatory drug(ibprofen, three cases), and corticosteroids(methyprednisolon pulse therapy, one case) were used for this type of arthritis. Symptoms and signs of arthritis in all patients were improved by these therapies. There was no relapse or complications within six months. Arthritis after responding to IVIG therapy was rarely observed in children with Kawasaki disease. This type of arthritis responded well to anti-inflammatory drugs including corticosteroids, and showed no relapses.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.37-49
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• 2015

Objectives This study was designed to collect studies about the Pharmacopuncture used for Rheumatoid arthritis model through analysis on Korean medicine prescriptions of Korean journals objective. Methods We searched 29 studies related Pharmacopuncture treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis model via Korean medicine web database. Results 29 studies were published 2007 to 2015. There were 4 studies have positive control group and negative control group, and 25 studies were design only negative control group. 15 studies were published 2007, 5 studies were published 2008, 1 study was published 2010, 2 studies were published 2011, 5 studies were published 2012, 1 study was published 2013. There were 20 Pharmacopuncture treated for Rheumatoid arthritis mouse or rat model. Most of these studies were effective to treat of Rheumatoid arthritis model. Conclusions These results suggested that Pharmacopuncture is effective treatment to Rheumatoid arthritis model and we need continuously agonize and research more effective therapy method.