• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.239-244
• /
• 2007

Respirable particles cause many occupational and environmental diseases of the lung. To study these diseases, laboratory animals are often exposed to these particles. Inhalation and instillation are the well-known techniques for experimental exposures of the lung to respirable particles. Recently, another technique called oropharyngeal aspiration (OPA) has been introduced for exposing the lung to pathogens and/or particles. The conventional OPA technique for the mouse is generally carried out using a micropipette with a fixed slant board. In order to modify the conventional OPA in this study, anesthetized mice were placed on an adjustable slant board, a syringe pump was used to deliver the solution to the oropharynx, and the mice were allowed to recover in vertically positioned tubes for 6 minutes until fully awaked. Most importantly, the whole process of OPA could be carried out simply by an examiner. This modified OPA technique was validated by exposing the mouse lung to Evans Blue dye with a success rate of 95%.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.95-132
• /
• 2009

돈이 많이 있으면 더욱 행복한가? 돈만으로 행복할 수 없다면 무엇이 중요한가? 행복은 어디서 시작되는가? 한국 성인의 삶에서 어떠한 행복의 조건들이 작용하는가? 어떻게 하면 마음의 행복을 더 잘 설명할 수 있는가? 라는 질문으로부터 이 연구는 출발하였다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 한국 사람들의 행복이 심리적, 관계적, 경제적 자원에 의해 영향 받는 정도를 분석하는데 주된 목적이 있다. 사회경제적지위에 차이가 있는 서울시내 세 지역 주민들을 가정방문하여 성인과 노인들을 표집하였으며, 최종분석대상은 20대에서 80대까지 총 313명(남 133, 여 180)이었다. 측정도구로는 연구자에 의해 제작된 배경정보와 정서적 지원 및 행복 척도와, Bandura(1995)에 의해 제작된 어려움극복 효능감 척도가 사용되었다. 행복에 영향을 미치는 변인들로 구성된 두 개의 연구모형을 경로분석과 효과분석으로 검증한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 월평균 수입이 행복에 의미 있는 영향을 미치지만, 월평균 수입 변인이 제외되어도 행복모형의 적합도에 변화가 없었다. 따라서 돈이 있을수록 더 행복하지만, 돈이 없어도 마찬가지로 행복할 수 있음으로써, 경제적 자원이 행복에 미치는 영향은 제한적인 것으로 확인되었다. 월평균 수입이 행복에는 영향을 미쳤으나, 자기효능감에는 영향을 미치지 못함으로써, 돈이 많다고 효능감이 높은 것은 아닌 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 행복 증진의 핵심적인 활력제로서 관계적 자원이 가장 중요하였다. 즉 주위 사람들로부터의 따스한 정서적 지원이 개인의 행복에 미치는 영향이 가장 컸는데, 정서적 지원은 월평균 수입보다 행복에 대한 효과가 4~5배 정도 되었다. 셋째, 심리적 자원인 자기효능감도 행복에 의미 있는 영향을 미쳤다. 즉 어려움을 극복할 수 있는 효능감이 높을수록 더욱 행복하였는데, 자기효능감은 월평균 수입보다 행복에 대한 효과가 2배 정도 되었다. 또한 자기효능감은 정서적 지원과 행복 사이에서 매개변인의 역할을 하였다. 넷째, 직업에서 성취감을 느낄수록 더욱 행복하였다. 직업성취는 월평균 수입보다 행복에 대한 효과가 2배 정도 되었다. 다섯째, 자녀가 성공했다고 지각할수록 더욱 행복하였다. 자녀성공은 월평균 수입보다 행복에 대한 효과가 1.5배 정도 되었다. 여섯째, 학력은 행복에 대해 직접적인 영향은 없었으나, 자기효능감과 직업성취를 통해 간접효과가 약하게 있었다. 일곱째, 연령은 자기효능감이나 행복에 대해 의미 있는 영향이 없음으로써, 나이는 자기효능감이나 행복과 무관한 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 벤처창업연구
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2014

우리정부는 신성장 동력 확충과 일자리 창출을 위해 총 10차례에 걸친 창업 활성화 대책을 수립 추진하여, 청년층 및 기술인력 등 주요 창업원의 기업가정신을 제고하고 범사회적으로 확산시키고자 노력을 해왔다. 이러한 창업 활성화 정책 발굴 및 개선을 위해서는 이들의 직업관 및 창업인식에 관한 주기적인 현황 파악을 통해 부족한 부분을 보완하고 안정된 인프라를 구축해 가는 것이 필요하다. 이에 정부는 인구특성별 직업관 및 창업인식에 관한 현 주소 파악을 위해 2012년부터 매년 실태조사 실시해 왔으며, 현황파악을 위한 실태조사의 대상을 2013년까지는 청년층만을 대상으로 하다가 2014년 최근 그 범위를 일반인에게까지 확대하여 조사하였다. 본 연구는 정부의 실태조사 자료를 활용하여 창업인식에 대한 현황파악과 각 그룹간의 차이점을 알아보고 이를 통해 좀 더 다양한 분석을 할 수 있는 토대를 마련하였다. 본 연구는 전국의 대학생 및 일반인 총 3,000명을 대상으로 조사를 진행하여 창업환경과 창업인식 그리고 창업성공요인에 대한 설문조사를 한 달간 실시하였다. 대학생은 지역과 학교 그리고 성별을 분류하여 조사를 진행하였고, 일반인은 지역과 연령 그리고 성별을 분류하여 조사를 진행하였다. 조사원을 활용한 면접조사를 원칙으로 하고 필요시 온라인과 유선조사를 병행하여 조사하였다. 각 응답결과가 나타내는 큰 차이는 대학생과 일반인 사이에서 나타나지 않았지만, 이러한 실태조사를 통하여 현재 국내의 창업 인프라에 대한 정확한 이해를 할 수 있는 기초를 마련한다는데 그 의미가 클 것으로 기대한다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.107-120
• /
• 2002

There has been a rapid industrial progress in Korea since 1962 by the success of 5-year economic development plan, and the number of industrial work has also made a rapid increase. Consequently, the management of the occupational health for the purpose of promoting the health of industrial workers and improving the working environment is badly needed in these days. Health services on industrial noisy environment have been provided only for noise-induced hearing loss management until now. But gradually, modem diseases and death have come to be related to the stress and mental health, therefore noise-induced mental disorder, like a stress became very important. Thus, this study has been carried out to analyze the relationship between workers' stress symptoms and the perceived working environment and the perceived working conditions. This study included 786 industrial workers selected from II factories in Buchun. The results were as follows: 1. For demographic characteristics, most of the workers were males(75.7%), the 20～29 years old were 33.8% and those who graduated from high school were 56.1%. The workers whose monthly income ranged from 700,000 to 1,500,000 won were 37.9% and who has a religion were 49.0%. 2. For occupational characteristics, workers who had worked 5～10 years in the factories were 35.8%. Those who felt much for them workload were 42.7% and who worked more than 8 hours a day were 73.7%. Those who were dissatisfied with their pay and job were 51.1 % and 31.2%. The workers who responded ventilation condition of their worksites were bad were 50.4% and the dissatisfied with working environment of their worksites were 43.8%. 3. For the noise exposure level in worksite, workers who were exposed to 70∼90㏈ were 37.4%, 90∼100㏈ were 25.2% and 50∼70㏈ were 18.8%. 4. Workers∼ stress symptoms were significantly related to marital status and their monthly income(P〈0.05). Workers who were single and had lower monthly income showed higher PSI(Psychiatric Symptom Index) scores than those who were married and had higher monthly income. Higher PSI scores were also significantly related to the night-work, workload, dissatisfaction with their job, and bad relationship with their bosses or co-workers. 5. The higher noise exposure level in worksite from 80㏈ was, the more severe stress symptoms including PSI subparts were reported; Anxiety, Anger, Depression, and Cognitive disorder symptom(P〈0.001). 6. According to the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis, factors affecting workers' PSI scores were noise exposure level in worksite(R2=0.150), relationship with coworkers, amount of workload, monthly income and relationship with bosses orderly and the total R2 of this 6 factors was 29.7%.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
• /
• 제13권7호
• /
• pp.521-529
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 지역사회 치매노인이 선택한 선택형 인지자극치료가 치매노인의 인지, 일상생활활동의 독립 수준 및 우울에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 프로그램은 2019년 3월 4일부터 2019년 4월 26일까지 주 1회 50분씩 총 7회기를 진행하였다. 연구결과, 선택형 인지자극치료는 실험군의 인지기능, 일상생활활동 독립수준을 향상시켰고, 우울을 감소시켰다. 또한 대조군의 결과와 비교하였을 때, 인지기능에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 따라서 본 연구의 선택형 인지자극치료는 치매노인의 인지기능을 파악하고 흥미를 유발하면서 효과가 입증된 인지과제를 제시하여 대상자들에게 선택하게 하였다. 이후 대상자들의 인지기능 수준에 따른 활동의 난이도 등을 고려하여 회기별 활동을 구성하여 인지기능의 향상을 이끌었다. 또한, 흥미를 느끼고 선택한 활동에 지속해서 적극 참여함으로써 성공을 경험하였고, 이를 통해 일상생활활동의 자발성과 우울감소에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.73-108
• /
• 2005

이 연구에서는 청소년과 부모의 실패와 미래성취에 대한 의식을 분석함으로써, 그동안의 선행연구 결과들과의 종합을 통해, 한국인의 성취관련 토착심리를 규명하는데 주된 목적이 있다. 이 연구의 분석대상은 989명이었는데, 청소년 482명(초 117명, 중 88명, 고 72명, 대 205명), 부모 507명(부 236명, 모 271명) 이었다. 질문지는 박영신과 김의철(1999)의 연구에서 사용한 것과 동일한 자유반응형 문항이었다. 실패 의식은 가장 고통스러운 실패경험, 실패에 가장 큰 영향을 준 사람, 실패의 가장 중요한 원인을 포함하였다. 미래성취 의식은 미래에 가장 성취하고 싶은 일, 미래의 성취를 위해 도움이 필요한 사람, 미래의 성취를 위해 필요한 도움의 내용, 미래성취를 위해 가장 중요한 요인을 다루었다. 분석결과, 청소년들은 학업실패를, 부모들은 가정생활실패, 학업실패 및 직업실패의 순서로, 가장 고통스러운 경험을 지적하였다. 실패에 가장 큰 영향을 준 사람으로, 청소년과 부모 모두 자기자신을 많이 지적하였다. 실패의 가장 중요한 원인은 노력과 의지력으로 대표되는 자기조절 결여로 나타났다. 미래에 가장 성취하고 싶은 일은 청소년의 경우에 취업과 학업성취였으며, 성인의 경우에 행복한 가정생활이었다. 미래성취를 위해 도움이 필요한 사람으로서 청소년은 부모를, 성인은 배우자를 가장 많이 지적하였으며, 이들로부터 필요한 도움의 내용으로는 두 집단 모두 정서적 지원을 대표적으로 인식하였다. 미래성취를 위해 가장 중요한 요인으로서, 청소년과 부모집단 각각 반수 이상이 자기조절을 지적하였다. 이러한 분석 결과와, 그동안 이루어진 일련의 선행연구 결과들에 기초하여, 한국인의 성취관련 토착심리로서 다음과 같은 특징들이 논의되었다. 1) 성취의 핵심적인 원인으로서, 노력에 가치를 두는 자기조절 경향성, 2) 성취를 위해 필요한 사회적 지원으로서, 가족으로부터 정서적 지원, 3) 한국 사회 발전의 원동력이 되어온, 학업성취에 대한 강한 열망, 4) 화목한 가정에 대한 추구를 통해 본 가족주의 가치.

• 종양간호연구
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.143-153
• /
• 2004

Death of spouse is the most heartbreaking stressful and inevitable tragic life event. In middle aged men who belong to the social middle class and accomplished their occupational success, experiences of spousal bereavement are great shock. The aim of this study was to find out how they overcome their mental and physical pain and to obtain the basic materials to develop suitable nursing care programs for them. The methodological approach of this study is Giorgi's phenomenological analysis meaning unit. This method also makes theme focal meaning, situated structural description and create general structural description grasped by participator's experience through situated structure description. This study performed from November 2002 to May 2004, and participators were four men. Data collected through in-depth personal interviews. which had been tapped and analysed the Giorgi's method. Finally, the five focal meaning below have been abstracted. Theme 1. Physical symptom loss of appetite, fatigue, insomnia. outbreak of illness, weight loss. Theme 2. life of spiritless lack of desire, sense of emptiness, unstableness, prosaic life. wandering. indifference of appearances, avoidance of meeting people. Theme 3. life of retrospction reflection for his wife, yearning, grief, muttering to himself, never-to-be forgotten wife, leading a lonely life. Theme 4. negative emotion reproaching, feeling hurt, marriage of daughter, feeling heavy, getting angry, sexual desire, awareness of his sinfulness. loneliness Theme 5. social support and adjustment getting his wife off his mind, curring favor with children, support and consolation by his daughter-in-law, appreciation for hospice nurse, considering remarriage, taking care of himself, good relation with his children. The result of this study showed that middle aged men bereaved of their wife by cancer need other's concern. And we have to study further to understand their experience. Until now hospice nursing is concentrated on cancer patients But from now we have to provide their families suitable nursing care programs to adjust themselves to social life before and after death of patients.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.19-32
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to identify the influences of psychological independence(functional independence and emotional independence) and career decision-making self-efficacy(self-estimation, career goal, occupational-knowledge, and problem solving) on career maturity(preparation, objective, decisiveness, and certainty) among adolescents. The subjects were 447 students in the second grade of middle school and high school in D. The questionnaire consist of measures of psychological independence, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career maturity. The data were analysed with factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression by using the SPSS(SPSS/WIN 19.0) program. The major results were as follows. First, adolescents' the career maturity was significantly different depending on the socio-demographic variables. Second, it was shown that middle and high school students have a statically relation, in a relation among psychological independence, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career maturity. Third, it was found that psychological independence and career decision-making self-efficacy gave statistically meaningful influence on the career maturity of adolescents. This study is significant in that it suggests a plan for improving career maturity, and provides a basic material to improve one's active role in their parents. In addition, the results of this study can be used as a fundamental reference in career development programs and career-counseling centers at schools for enhancing adolescents' career development and success.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.117-130
• /
• 1993

There has been a rapid growth in Korea since 1962 because of the success of the 5-year Economic Plan. The number of industrial work and workers has also made had a rapid increase. Consequently, the management of occupational health for the purpose of promoting health in industrial workers is needed especially in the health examination program. The purpose of this study was to analyze the Knowledge, and Attitude among industrial workers of health examination programs. The target population was 402 industrial workers from 4 factories in Kangwon province. A survey was conducted to collect data by a self administered questionnaire from October 29 to November 5. A sixty four item questionnaire was designed to collect data concerning Knowledge, and Attitude of health examination of industrial workers. The data was analyzed by means of percentage, mean, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient. The major findings were as follows : 1. The respondents presented the following picture : The male population was 88%. 57% of respondents were age 25-34 years old. 69.4% of respondents were married. 73.4% of respondents were high school graduates. 80.8% of the respondents were working over 48 hours per week. The respondents with over 10 years on the job were 31.9% of the respondents. Health examination were given to the respondents as: pre-employment health examination 90.5%, general health examination 91.5%, and special health examination 31.5%. 2. The Knowledge level was different in health examination items. 80.5% of respondents had knowledge about hearing test, body weight, visually, chest X-ray like simple things. Below 50% of respondents had knowledge of urine test, liver function test, and career history. 3. Attitude status about health examination showed an average score 36.5(median 33) of satisfaction, 26.93(median 21) of importance, 13.84 (median 21) of content, 10.46(median 12 of reliability on health examination results. 4. The level of Attitude on health examination was significantly different than the Knowledge level. 5. The relationship among stated variables such as satisfaction, the perceptions of importance on health, health examination, the result and follow up after health examination were shown to reflect neither positively nor negatively on each other.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.257-268
• /
• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to review the Toxic UseReduction Act of Massachusetts, USA, which has been evaluated as a successfulcase of a chemical reduction policy, and to search for ways to introduce it inKorea. Methods: We analyzed the implementation of the TURA by attending TUR Planning Course of the Toxic Use Reduction Institute in Massachusetts and researching the related literature. Results: As TURA took effect, the use of chemicals in Massachusetts was reduced, and cost savings were achieved in workplaces. The success factors for the legislation are considered to be support form the federal and state governments and the active participation of business and civic group. Domestic efforts to reduce toxic substances have already begun, so if the process of TURA is appropriately applied to domestic legislation of chemicals control, it would be expected to produce visible results. Therefore, we reviewed the 'Act on Chemicals Registration and Assessment', 'Act on Chemical Control' and 'Act on the Integrated Control of Pollutant-Discharging Facilities' and sought solution for applying TURA to each piece of legislation. For the first case, 'Toxic or Hazardous Substance List' and 'Establishment of Toxic Use Fee' is applicable. For the second case, 'Annual Toxic or Hazardous Substance Reports' is applicable. For the third case, 'Toxic Reduction Plans' and 'Toxics Use Reduction Institute and 'Toxic Use Reduction Planners' is applicable. Conclusions: The government should take notice appropriateness for the reduction of toxic chemicals and provide financial support. Businesses should invest in technologies that build trust with local communities, improve productivity, and reduce costs. Finally, civic group should cooperate with government and businesses.