• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.349-359
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze three-dimensional (3D) changes in maxillary dentition in Class II malocclusion treatment using arch wire with continuous tip-back bends or compensating curve, together with intermaxillary elastics by superimposing 3D virtual models. Methods: The subjects were 20 patients (2 men and 18 women; mean age 20 years 7 months ${\pm}$ 3 years 9 months) with Class II malocclusion treated using $0.016{\times}0.022-inch$ multiloop edgewise arch wire with continuous tip-back bends or titanium molybdenum alloy ideal arch wire with compensating curve, together with intermaxillary elastics. Linear and angular measurements were performed to investigate maxillary teeth displacement by superimposing pre- and post-treatment 3D virtual models using Rapidform 2006 and analyzing the results using paired t-tests. Results: There were posterior displacement of maxillary teeth (p < 0.01) with distal crown tipping of canine, second premolar and first molar (p < 0.05), expansion of maxillary arch (p < 0.05) with buccoversion of second premolar and first molar (p < 0.01), and distal-in rotation of first molar (p < 0.01). Reduced angular difference between anterior and posterior occlusal planes (p < 0.001), with extrusion of anterior teeth (p < 0.05) and intrusion of second premolar and first molar (p < 0.001) was observed. Conclusions: Class II treatment using an arch wire with continuous tip-back bends or a compensating curve, together with intermaxillary elastics, could retract and expand maxillary dentition, and reduce occlusal curvature. These results will help clinicians in understanding the mechanism of this Class II treatment.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.189-206
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the factors affecting muscle activity and cephalometric variables according to change of head postures. For this study, 150 patients with temporomandibular disorders and 80 dental students without any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were selected as the patients group and as the normal group, respectively. Head position to body-midline in frontal plane and upper quarter posture to body plumb line in sagittal plane were observed clinically and electromyographic(EMG) activity of anterior temporalis, masseter, sternocleidomastoideus, and trapezius on clenching were recorded with $BioEMG^{(R)}$ in four head postures, which were natural head posture(NHP), forward head posture(FHP), $20^{\circ}$ upward head posture(UHP), and $20^{\circ}$ downward head posture(DHP). Cephaloradiographs were also taken in the same head postures as in EMG taking, but that was taken only in NHP for the patient group. Cephalometric variables measured were SN angle, CVT angle, atlas inclination angle, occlusal plane angle, Me-C2 angle, pharyngeal width, occiput~axis distance, area of pharyngeal space, and cervical curvature. The data were analyzed by SAS statistical program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Between the patient and the normal group, there were significant difference in distance from plumb line to acromion, eye-tragus angle, electromyographic activity of the four muscles, and cephalometric variables of linear measurement. 2. There was no consistent pattern of correlation between upper quarter posture, EMG activity and cephalometric variables in any case without relation to cervical curvature and head position in frontal plane. 3. Sternocleidomastoid muscle only showed variation of electromyographic activty with changes of head postures, but all the muscles did show correlation with head postures. 4. All the cephalometric variables measured in this study showed difference of mean value by head posture, and CVT angle, pharyngeal width, occiput-atlas distance, and area of pharyngeal space showed correlation between these variables with change from NHP to FHP, and from NHP to UHP.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.6611-6617
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• 2015

본 연구는 수작업으로 제작된 metal coping과 CAD/CAM(Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing)으로 제작된 지르코니아 coping을 제작하여 변연과 내면 적합도를 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 모형은 우레탄 모형재를 사용하여 knife, chamfer변연 두 종류의 지대치를 제작하였다. 수작업과 CAD/CAM으로 제작된 보철물의 변연 적합도를 실리콘 리플리카 테크닉방법을 사용하여 측정하였다. 적합도 측정은 현미경의 CCD카메라로 캡쳐하였다. 이때 지대치와 보철물의 거리는 이미지분석 소프트웨어에서 거리 조정이 된 상태에서 실시하였다. 측정부위는 marginal opening을 MO, marginal gap을 MG, internal gap을 IG, Axial gap을 AG, occlusal gap을 OG로 하였다. 제작법과 변연 형태에 따른 비교분석을 위해 이원배치분산분석을 실시하였으며 서로 다른 평균값들의 비교 분석을 위해서 일원배치분산분석과 Scheffe's 사후 검정을 실시하였다. 그 결과 CAD/CAM의 OG와 knife 변연의 MO을 제외하고는 < $120{\mu}m$ 적합도를 나타냈다. CAD/CAM으로 제작된 coping은 chamfer 변연 MO에서 높은 적합도를 보였으나 MG에서는 knife변연이 chamfer변연 보다 더 좋은 적합도를 보였다. AG의 내면 적합도는 가장 좋은 값을 나타내었다(< $38{\mu}m$).

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.7-21
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• 1979

This investigation was to analyse normal protrusive and lateral condylar pantographic records written on the sagittal plane and to study components of Fisher's angle and their interrelations. The purpose of this study was limited to (1) discussing the significance of sagittal pantographic record in diagnosis of occlusal disease and(2) basing for reasoning validity of measuring Fisher's angle which has been reported so far. As a result followings were concluded. 1. In each protrusive and lateral condylar movement path, five complicate factors such as initial straightness, distributed simple sigmoid type, simple curvature, initial tiny protruding convexity and tiny repeated sigmoid patterns were noted. Generally each condylar movement path was composed of two to three of these factors. 2. The distribution of positional interrelations of protrusive and lateral condylar paths could be divided into five categories; (a) protrusive-upper, (b) completely coinciding, (c) partially initial coinciding, (d) partially inverted crossing, and (e) completely inverting. Among these, protrusive path-upper positioned condyles were prevailed (79.2%). 3. The distribution of interrelations of protrusive and lateral condylar paths could be devided into five categories according to their distances in the course of movement. Among these, opening (95.8%) and paralleling (66.7%) were prevailing. 4. The involved number of characteristic heterogenous patterns of five categories in protrusive and lateral condylar movement recording relations at one simultaneous recordings was limited to three. However, in case of homogeneous patterns were repeated, usually three to four were included. 5. The maximum distance between protrusive and lateral condylar paths was 1.45mm at the location of 4mm advanced position from centric relation point and 3.90mm at the location of protrusive movement terminal. 6. It seemed to be that ,pantographic records should be consulted other clinical symptoms in order to make certain occlusion diagnosis. 7. At the present moment of investigation, expressing Fisher's angle as a degree revealed a lack due to inherent complexity of protrusive and lateral condylar movement paths. 8. The typical pattern of protrusive and lateral condylar paths written on a pantographic sagittal plate might be described as follows; (a) protrusive condylar path should be positioned upwardly, (b) both mainly be simple curvature, (c) interrelations mainly be opening or paralleling. 9. The mean amounts of separation between protrusive and lateral condylar movement path were $0.75{\pm}0.46$ at 4mm advanced location from centric relation and $1.74{\pm}0.64mm$ at the location of protrusive path terminal.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.275-291
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• 2002

스트레이트 와이어 장치의 효율적 운영을 위해서 제시되어야 할 여러 사항 중 치관의 굴곡도에 대한 연구는 국내, 외에서 매우 미흡하다. 이에 본 연구는 한국인 영구치의 순, 협측 임상치관 굴곡도를 조사하기 위해 시행되었다 이를 위해 정상적인 해부학적 구조를 갖고있는 구강 석고모형 36쌍을 대상으로 3차원 레이저 스캐닝 하였다. Andrews plane 과 Facial axis of clinical crown(FACC)을 각각 수평 , 수직 기준선으로 설정하고, 이들로부터 상, 하 방향과 좌, 우 방향으로 각각 1m간격으로 2개 혹은 3개씩의 선을 그었다. 이들 선이 교차하는 점들에 대한 3차원적 점 좌표를 만들어 놓고 36쌍 구강 석고모형의 각각 좌표점들의 평균을 구하였다 3차원 좌표 점(x,y,z)을 이용해 곡면 방정식을 만들어 각 치아의 곡률을 구하였고, 가로, 세로 각 방향의 2차원 곡선으로 단순화시킨 곡선에서의 곡률을 구하여 치아 부위마다의 곡률 변화를 계측하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 한국인 영구치 치관의 순, 협면 굴곡도의 기초자료를 얻었다. 2. 남, 녀 간에 치관 굴곡도 차이는 없었다. 3. 개개 치아의 치관 굴곡에 대한 특성 1) 상악 중절치에서 치은쪽과 절단면쪽의 곡률 차이가 다른 치아에 비해 심하였으며, 치은쪽이 더욱 심한 곡률을 보였다. 2) 상악 견치의 치관 굴곡도는 근심-절단면쪽의 굴곡이 다른면에 비해 더 심하였다. 3) 상악 제 1소구치에서는 근심-교합면쪽과 원심-치은쪽에서의 굴곡이 더 심하여 치관 표면의 굴곡이 대각선 방향으로 서로 뒤틀린 반면, 상악 제 2소구치에서는 근심 끝과 원심 끝의 치관 표면 굴곡이 비슷하여 서로 평행하게 나타났다. 4) 하악 중절치와 하악 측절치의 치관 굴곡도에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 5) 하악 제 2소구치의 교합면-치은쪽으로의 굴곡이 하악 제 1소구치나 상악 제 2소구치에 비하여 더 둥근 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 하악 중절치와 측절치는 브라켓 베이스를 같게 해도 무방하다. 그러나 상악 제 1소구치와 제 2소구치, 그리고, 하악 제 1소구치와 제 2소구치는 치관 굴곡도에 차이가 있으므로 브라켓 제작시 베이스의 굴곡을 다르게 하여야 한다.