• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.5_2
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• pp.743-754
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• 2023

The global occurrence of myriad natural disasters and incidents, catalyzed by climate change and extreme meteorological conditions, has engendered substantial human and material losses. International organizations such as the International Charter have established an enduring collaborative framework for real-time coordination to provide high-resolution satellite imagery and geospatial information. These resources are instrumental in the management of large-scale disaster scenarios and the expeditious execution of recovery operations. At the national level, the operational deployment of advanced National Earth Observation Satellites, controlled by National Geographic Information Institute, has not only catalyzed the advancement of geospatial data but has also contributed to the provisioning of damage analysis data for significant domestic and international disaster events. This special edition of the National Disaster Management Research Institute delineates the contemporary landscape of major disaster incidents in the year 2023 and elucidates the strategic blueprint of the government's national disaster safety system reform. Additionally, it encapsulates the most recent research accomplishments in the domains of artificial satellite systems, information and communication technology, and spatial information utilization, which are paramount in the institution's disaster situation management and analysis efforts. Furthermore, the publication encompasses the most recent research findings relevant to data collection, processing, and analysis pertaining to disaster cause and damage extent. These findings are especially pertinent to the institute's on-site investigation initiatives and are informed by cutting-edge technologies, including drone-based mapping and LiDAR observation, as evidenced by a case study involving the 2023 landslide damage resulting from concentrated heavy rainfall.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.235-239
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• 2011

TiCrN layers (Ti : Cr = 20 : 80 and 5 : 95 wt%) were deposited on Inconel 617 and the effect of TiCrN coating on the high temperature stability of Inconel 617 up to $1000^{\circ}C$ was examined. XRD analysis and microstructural observation showed that vigorous and inhomogenous Cr diffusion to the surface was suppressed by TiCrN layer compare to the uncoated Inconel 617. This led to a distinctive enhancement in thermal oxidation resistance of Inconel 617.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.601-606
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• 2011

HMGB1 is associated with human cancers and is an activator of autophagy which mediates chemotherapy resistance. We here show that the mRNA levels of HMGB1 are high in leukemia cells and it is involved in the progression of childhood chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). HMGB1 decreases the sensitivity of human myeloid leukemia cells K562 to anti-cancer drug induced death through up-regulating the autophagy pathway, which is confirmed by the observation with an increase in fusion of autophagosomes and autophagolysosomes. When overexpressing HMGB1, both mRNA levels of Beclin-1, VSP34 and UVRAG which are key genes involved in mammalian autophagy and protein levels of p-Bcl-2 and LC3-II are increased. Luciferase assays document that over-expression of HMGB1 increases the transcriptional activity of JNK and ERK, which may be silenced by siRNA. The results suggest that HMGB1 regulates JNK and ERK required for autophagy, which provides a potential drug target for therapeutic interventions in childhood CML.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

Remote sensing cannot provide a direct measurement of vegetation index (VI) but it can provide a reasonably good estimate of vegetation index, defined as the ratio of satellite bands. The monitoring of vegetation in nearby urban regions is made difficult by the low spatial resolution and temporal resolution image captures. In this study, enhancing spatial resolution method is adapted as to improve a low spatial resolution. Recent studies have successfully estimated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) using improved resolution method such as from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard EOS Terra satellite. Image enhancing spatial resolution is an important tool in remote sensing, as many Earth observation satellites provide both high-resolution and low-resolution multi-spectral images. Examples of enhancement of a MODIS multi-spectral image and a MODIS NDVI image of Cheongju using a Landsat TM high-resolution multi-spectral image are presented. The results are compared with that of the IHS technique is presented for enhancing spatial resolution of multi-spectral bands using a higher resolution data set. To provide a continuous monitoring capability for NDVI, in situ measurements of NDVI from paddy field was carried out in 2004 for comparison with remotely sensed MODIS data. We compare and discuss NDVI estimates from MODIS sensors and in-situ spectroradiometer data over Ochang plain region. These results indicate that the MODIS NDVI is underestimated by approximately 50%.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.175-179
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• 1986

In order to develope a protoplast fusion of the genus Cellulomonas having high assimilibility of cellulose, the optimum conditions for the protoplast formation of Cellulomonas flavigena NCIB 12901 was investigated and observed by means of Scanning Electron Microscope. The results suggested that the susceptibility of the cell wall by lysozyme treatment on protoplast formation was considerably depend on the cultural periods of the cells. Cells of C. flavigena at mid exponential phase could more efficiently convert to protoplast cells than those at late exponential phase did. The rate of the protoplast formation was 95%, even though the rate was over 99.9% on counting by indirect method after osmotic shock treatment, when cells of the organism at mid exponential phase were treated with lysozyme (400$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m{\ell}$) for 6 hours and observed by SEM. In the evaluation of protoplast formation of the genus Cellulomonas, direct method of the observation under Scanning Electron Microscope was much more reliable than the counting method of protplasts after osmotic shock treatment. Because defferences between the number of spheroplast and protoplast were not able to be figured out on counting the number of protoplast after osmotic shock treatment.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.373-379
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vision training using MYSTERY CIRCLE system on patients with exophoria and intermittent extropia. Mehtods: The vision training observation group consists of 26 clients who had exophoria (n=18) and intermittent extropia (n=8) without opthalmic diseases or vertical phoria. Our clients took each vision training once a week for eight weeks and were investigated for the symptoms changes of binocular vision. Results: According to the results, MISTERY CIRCLE vision training methods improved the binocular vision function and sensation symptoms. For Worth 4 Dot test, Titmus test and red lenses showed fusion rate changes. Conclusions: The study proved that MISTERY CIRCLE vision training system for patients with binocular vision was effective for the improvement of the binocular vision symptoms of these patients.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2020

This study explores the effects of different pre-machining conditions on the deposition characteristics and mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel samples repaired using direct energy deposition (DED). In the DED repair process, defects such as pores and cracks can occur at the interface between the substrate and deposited material. In this study, we varied the shape of the pre-machined zone for repair in order to prevent cracks from occurring at the slope surface. After repairs by the DED process, macro-scale cracks were observed in samples that had been pre-machined with elliptic and trapezoidal grooves. In addition, it was not possible to completely prevent micro-crack generation on the sloped interfaces, even in the capsule-type grooved sample. From observation of the fracture surfaces, it was found that the cracks around the inclined interface were due to a lack of fusion between the substrate and the powder material, which led to low tensile properties. The specimen with the capsule-type groove provided the highest tensile strength and elongation (respective of 46% and 571% compared to the trapezoidal grooved specimen). However, the tensile properties were degraded compared to the non-repaired specimen (as-hot rolled material). The fracture characteristics of the repaired specimens were determined by the cracks at the sloped interfaces. These cracks grew and coalesced with each other to form macro-cracks, they then coalesced with other cracks and propagated to the substrate, causing final fracture.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.59-64
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• 2002

Effects of the aging treatments on the microstructure and strength of heat affected zone(HAZ) in the welds of a age-hardened Al-Mg-Si alloy, 5N01-T5, were investigated. The base metal aging treatments before MIG welding were conducted at 423K to 473K for 28.8ks Post weld heat treatment(PWHT) to recover the HAZ strength was performed at 448K for 28.8ks. Microstructure observations, hardness measurements and tensile tests were conducted to study properties of the MIG weld joints. The position of the softest region in HAZ where the hardness insufficiently recovered after natural aging and PWHT was at a distance of approximately 15mm from the center of the fusion zone. Hardness of the softest regions after natural aging and PWHT decreased with increase in the base metal aging temperature. TEM observation clarified that strengthening ${\beta}$"(Mg$_2$Si) precipitates and coarse ${\beta}$′ precipitates affected the hardnes of HAZ. Incomplete recover of hardness in HAZ after PWHT was caused by the precipitating of non-hardening ${\beta}$′ phase during the weld thermal cycle. In order to examine the effects of weldheat input and welding speed, the laser weld joints were also investigated and compared with the MIG weld ones. Laser welding had the narrower width of the softened regions in HAZ compared with MIG welding. The hardness of the softest regions of the laser welds after PWHT was higher than that of the MIG welds. Quantitative relations between hardness of the softest region and base metal aging temperature were obtained for both welding processes. Accordingly, the equations to estimate the strength of the weld joints after PWHT with varying base metal temperatures were proposed for MIG welding and laser welding.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.662-668
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• 2013

We examine the effects of El Ni$\tilde{n}$o on tropospheric ozone through the simulation of a Climate-Chemistry model for a 40-year period (1971-2010). The Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis reveals that the tropospheric ozone concentration in the central-eastern Pacific decreases when the El Ni$\tilde{n}$o occurs, which is consistent with the observation. However, the increase of ozone over Indian Ocean-Indonesia regions is weak in the simulation compared to the observations. We analyze details of the 2006 El Ni$\tilde{n}$o event to understand the mechanism that caused the change of ozone due to El Ni$\tilde{n}$o. It is found that enhanced convection as well as higher water vapor followed by shortened lifetime has led to lower the tropospheric ozone. Downward motion induced by the changes of atmospheric circulation due to sea surface temperature forcing, together with the decrease of water vapor, has brought ozone produced in the upper troposphere over the Indian Ocean.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.185-193
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigated the effect of vision training methods on the visual function and sensation symptoms of patients with convergence insufficiency. Mehtods: The vision training observation group included 35 clients who had binocular vision disorders without opthalmic diseases or vertical phoria. They took the each vision training once a week for eight weeks and were investigated for the function and sensation symptoms changes of binocular vision. Results: According to the results, all vision training methods showed improvement of binocular vision function and sensation symptoms. For Worth 4 Dot test, Titmus test and red lenses observed the changes in fusion rate, all the training methods showed similar improvements. Conclusions: The study proved that vision training methods for patients with binocular vision was effective for the improvement of the phoria, function and sensation symptoms of these patients.