• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2018

Autophagy is one of the major degradative mechanisms that can eliminate excessive nutrients, toxic protein aggregates, damaged organelles and invading microorganisms. In response to obesity and obesity-associated lipotoxic, proteotoxic and oxidative stresses, autophagy plays an essential role in maintaining physiological homeostasis. However, obesity and its associated stress insults can often interfere with the autophagic process through various mechanisms, which result in further aggravation of obesity-related metabolic pathologies in multiple metabolic organs. Paradoxically, inhibition of autophagy, within specific contexts, indirectly produces beneficial effects that can alleviate several detrimental consequences of obesity. In this minireview, we will provide a brief discussion about our current understanding of the impact of obesity on autophagy and the role of autophagy dysregulation in modulating obesity-associated pathological outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2011

Objectives Our purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between depression, stress, and obesity indexes. Methods This study was performed in 110 healthy overweight and obese(BMI${\geq}23\;kg/m^2$) women in Korea. Subjects underwent abdominal CT(computed tomography) scanning and were asked to complete Beck depression inventory(BDI), social readjustment rating scale(SRRS), and stress response inventory(SRI) questionnaires. Weight, body-mass index(BMI), waist circumference(WC), and waist-hip ratio(WHR) were evaluated. Subjects were given written consent and this study was performed under permission of institutional review board of KyunHee University Hospital at Gangdong. Results 1. BDI and SRI were significantly correlated with VFA(visceral fat area)(p<0.05). However, other obesity indexes were not significantly correlated with BDI and SRI(p>0.05). 2. SRRS was not significantly correlated with all obesity indexes(p>0.05). Conclusions This study suggests that depression and stress might be correlated with visceral fat, and this result would be helpful for planning a treatment schedule of obese patients with depression or stress in the clinic.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.506-515
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• 2002

This study examined the state of health and weight maintenance according to the body mass index (BMI) , and explored demographic variables, diet variables, the degree of stress etc. The results presented were based on data collected from 428 women who are mothers of the middle school children in Jeongeup city. Using SPSS WIN (Ver 9.0) , the frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square, ANOVA, and correlation analysis were provided. The mean of BMI for the subjects was 22.6, the ratio of obese women (BMI $\geq$ 25) was 22.9%. The frequency of the reported circulation or respiratory related diseases was greater in the obese group compared to the normal weight ($20 \leq BMI \leq 25$) or the lean (BMI < 20) groups. The obese group had less awareness of obesity. Those who regard themselves obese had lower rates of satisfaction with their body shape and higher rates of interest in weight control. Approximately 65% of the subjects attempted weight reduction more than once. Subjects who were obese had the most undesirable dietary behavior. In particular, this group had the higher rates of rushed meals, overeating, meals while watching TV or newspapers, and snacking, and eating out. In analyzing the correlation of variables influencing obesity, there were positive correlations between obesity and overeating, obesity and the degree of stress. Correlations between obesity and satisfaction for life found to be negative. Moreover, stress had a positive correlation with obesity and overeating, and showed negative correlation with eating behavior. Consequently, stress seemed to induce undesirable eating behaviors and increase obesity. Of the demographic background variables, subjects who were obese tended to be older, had lower levels of education, higher rates of employment, longer period of marriage, the higher number of children, preschool children or children preparing for highschool or college, lower satisfaction with children and household life.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.346-353
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• 2015

The purpose of this study the following changes in the body composition and obesity-stress on the aerobic exercise and combined exercise and that Obesity Management Exercise Program was conducted to serve as the basis when developing materials. Obesity female college student 40 people were classified that Aerobic exercise group(20 patients) and combined exercise group(20 patients). Every time 60 minutes, three times a week, a total of eight weeks each exercise program after each underwent an exercise program compared body composition and stress. Research result, body fat is aerobic exercise group and combined exercise group was statistically decrease, Obesity Stress is founded that a significantly reduction in the combined exercise group. Therefore Obesity Management Exercise Program during development in considering the combined exercise group Obesity Stress is thought to be more suitable.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to obesity of mid-age women and to examine the relationship between obesity and chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. Methods: Using data from Korean American adults living in California, we analyzed the health behavior (diet, exercise, smoking, and binge drinking) and psychological stress of obese women with body mass index ${\geq}25$ by using chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to investigate independent effects of obesity on chronic diseases, after controlling for risk factors. Results: The prevalence of obesity appeared about 16.9%. The Obese group was less likely than the non-obese group to eat vegetables and more likely feel psychological stress. There were no significant differences in smoking, alcohol intake, and physical exercise between the two groups. Obesity was strongly related to chronic diseases (OR=4.642, 95% CI=1.328-16.222). Conclusion: This study suggests that obesity of mid-age women could be reduced by encouraging health behavior such as eating vegetables daily, performing physical exercise regularly, and taking care of emotional stress. Diet and physical activity interventions and emotional supports should be developed for weight loss and prevention of weight gain in mid-age women.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.253-259
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• 2016

Objectives: Central obesity plays a major role in the development of many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Chronic stress may be involved in the pathophysiology of central obesity. Although several large-scale genome-wide association studies have reported susceptibility genes for central adiposity, the effects of interactions between genes and psychosocial stress on central adiposity have rarely been examined. A recent study focusing on Caucasians discovered the novel gene early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1), which was associated with central obesity-related traits via interactions with stress levels. We aimed to evaluate EBF1 gene-by-stress interaction effects on central adiposity traits, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT), in Korean adults. Methods: A total of 1467 Korean adults were included in this study. We selected 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the EBF1 gene and analyzed their interactions with stress on central adiposity using additive, dominant, and recessive genetic modeling. Results: The four SNPs that had strong linkage disequilibrium relationships (rs10061900, rs10070743, rs4704967, and rs10056564) demonstrated significant interactions with the waist-hip ratio in the dominant model ($p_{int}$<0.007). In addition, two other SNPs (rs6556377 and rs13180086) were associated with VAT by interactions with stress levels, especially in the recessive genetic model ($p_{int}$<0.007). As stress levels increased, the mean values of central adiposity traits according to SNP genotypes exhibited gradual but significant changes (p<0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that the common genetic variants for EBF1 are associated with central adiposity through interactions with stress levels, emphasizing the importance of managing stress in the prevention of central obesity.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2003

Objective : In Western medicine, the cause of obesity include overeating, lack of exercise, genetic factor, endocrinal impediment and psychological factor. Since the society becomes more complexed and the tensions among social members gets intensified, psychological factor getting more important. In Oriental medicine, Seven Emotion(七情, in oriental medical term) as an emotional stressor was thought to be a factor of obesity. Therefore the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between Seven Emotion and obesity in detail. Methods : overview the stress with the view of Oriental medicine and research the relationship between Seven Emotion as an emotional stressor and obesity. Results : 1. Seven Emotion can be understood as an emotional stress in Western medicine. If Seven Emotion is excessive, its extreme mental stimulation causes physical illness. 2. Having influence upon the function of internal organs, excessive Seven Emotion causes obesity. Since it hinders normal flow of Gangi(肝氣), Seven Emotion disturbs healthy function of Bi-Wi(脾胃) and normal fluctuation of Qi. Consequently, obesity is resulted from the accumulation of fat since normal metabolism of body is disrupted. 3. In Seven Emotion-Anger(怒), Joy(喜), Anxiety(憂), Thought(思), Sorrow(悲), Fear(恐), Surprise(驚)-give rise to Gan-bi-bul-wha(肝脾不和), Sim-hi-yang-huh(心脾兩虛), Bi-qi-huh(碑氣虛), Dam-sup-jeo-po(痰濕沮胞) and Wi-wha-sang-youm(胃火上炎) in type of symptom in obesity and therefore, cause obesity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2011

This study investigated potential causes of obesity by examining diet and lifestyle factors. The data from the 2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey were statistically analyzed to determine the relative importance of causes of obesity. Because the factors affecting obesity for males and females were significantly different, binary choice logistic models of the male and female subjects were built and estimated separately. Our results show that stress, the irregularity of eating breakfast, and frequency of eating out had the three greatest impacts on male obesity, respectively, and stress, employment status, and age had the greatest impacts on female obesity, in that order.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.483-492
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• 2020

Dietary components can modulate stress, inflammatory indicators, and health risk. This study examined the relationship among diet, metabolic disease risk, and perceived stress in Korean adult females using the 2017-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 4,353 adult women aged 19-64 years were classified into four groups according to perceived stress level: very high stress group (VHSG, n=225), high stress group (HSG, n=1,079), moderate stress group (MSG, n=2,532), and low stress group (LSG, n=517). Data collection included the sociodemographics, anthropometrics, blood profile, and dietary survey. After adjusting for covariates, those in the VHSG had a higher body mass index (p=0.013) and obesity rate (p=0.053) with a shorter sleep time than the LSG group. The VHSG also tended to have a higher plasma LDL-cholesterol, hsC-reactive protein and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol, vitamin A, and vitamin E than the low stress group. High stress subjects demonstrated increased breakfast skipping frequency (p<0.0001), decreased fiber intake (p=0.001), potassium (p=0.041), and vitamin A (p=0.011) than the low stress ones. Therefore the perceived stress level was associated with the inflammatory indicators, obesity, and lack of anti-inflammatory or antioxidant nutrients. The dietary components may be an important mediator of stress and metabolic disease.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.332-338
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• 2011

This study was conducted to find associations of stress with obesity in female college students in Gwangju. 343 subjects were divided into two groups based on BMI(body mass index). BMI of normal group was $19.3{\pm}1.5$ while that of obese group was $26.4{\pm}3.6$. The measured stress level in obese subjects was higher and they were less capable of controlling obese oriented attitude compared to normal subject. Twenty four hour dietary recall revealed that nutrient intakes of obese subjects were higher in energy, lipid, P and cholesterol. However, they were more deficient in Ca, Fe and vitamin A, compared to those of normal ones. This study suggested severe stress might trigger undesirable dietary behavior leading to increase in food consumption which contribute to obesity. Effective nutrition education program targeting obese female students should be developed and implemented to relieve stress and practice desirable dietary behavior and eating pattern.