• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.570-582
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between eating disorders, depression, and body dissatisfaction of middle aged women. Data was collected from June 1 to June 30, 1999 by means of a structured questionnaire. The subjects for this study were 99 middle aged women between the ages of 35 and 59, recruited from Seoul, Kyungido. The instruments were the BDI(Beck Depression Inventory) developed by Beck(1973), Eating Disorder Inventory(1997) developed by Garner & Garfinkel, Halm, Falk& Schwartz, Shin Mi Young. The instruments were the Body Dissatisfaction(1997) developed by Garner, Olstead & Polivy, Han osoo, yoo hee jung, shin Mi Young. The data was analyzed by the SPSS/PC program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of this study are as follows 1. The mean body weight and height of the subjects were 57.49kg, 158.62cm. 2. Depending upon BMI, the obesity subjects were 18.2% and the rest(81.8%) were under weight or normal. More than 70% of the normal weight subjects(71 subjects) perceived their weight as overweight. 3. The total mean scores of anorexia nervosa were higher than bulimia nervosa. The total mean scores of eating disorders was 2.13. 4. The total mean scores of depression was 1.50. 5. The total mean scores of body dissatisfaction was 3.30. 6. There was a positive correlation between depression and eating disorders(r=.267, p<0.01)and, between body dissatisfaction and eating disorders(r=.273, p<0.01).There was not a significant correlation between depression and body dissatisfaction. According to the present study eating disorders in middle aged women developed because of the tendency to have negative perceptions of their bodies.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.777-786
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• 1998

The purpose of this study to investigate the relationship between nutrient intake and serum lipid levels in 165 healthy women in Taegu. A convenient method was to assess nutritional intake. Anthropometric measurement of body weight and height were measured and average energy expenditure calculated . The mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.4$\pm$3.1 and it was higher than the mean BMI of Korean women. Obesity rates for the study subjects were 15.7% by RBW (relative body weight : >120%) and 28.5% by BMI(body mass index) ; >25). Daily energy intake was sufficient at 106% of recommended dietary allowances and the energy percentage ration of carbohydrate , fat and protein was 68 : 18 : 14. Mean intake of vitamin A, B1 , niacin , and Ca were higher than RDA. The incidence of hypertension(>140mmHg) and hypercholoesterolemia(>240mg/dl) as 18.2% and 23.6% of the subjects, respectively . Postmenopasusal women showed significantly higher blood pressure, RBW, and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) than premenopausal women. The concentration of cholesterol and average blood pressure in the irregular meal eater group were significantly higher than in the regular meal eater group. Skipping meals and unenvendurnal distribution(no breakfast, or no lunch , and large evening meals) are associated with high total cholesterol level in this population . Especially, the atherogenic index was significantly lower in the regular meal eater group than that in irregular meal eaters. The values for serum cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure, BMI, and atherogenic index increased with age in middle-aged women. There was a highly significant correlation between body weight and plasma lipids. HDL -cholesterol was inversely correlated with BMI. The above dta provides valuable information for community program planning and health providers who work with individual female and adults to meet their nutrietional needs to control blood lipids.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of family support for diabetic patients and the diet therapy practice of patients themselves, and to analyze the relationship between family support and diet therapy practice and blood glucose control, and thus to prepare basic data for the development of effective education programs to improve blood glucose control in diabetic patients. The study subjects were 82 patients with type II diabetes, aged over 20 in the Chungbuk area. The gender distribution of subjects was 52.4% males and 47.6% females, and BMI showed 29.3% overweight and 35.3% obesity. Among the 82 study subjects, the relationship between diet therapy related family support and blood glucose control was examined in 67 subjects who answered practicing diet therapy, and the results showed that the family support score of a group with excellent blood glucose control was significantly higher than those of groups with fair or poor control (p<0.001) and the correlation between the two factors was very high (r=0.341, p<0.001). For the relationship between diet therapy practice by patients themselves and blood glucose control, diet therapy practice of a group with excellent blood glucose control was significantly higher than those of other groups (fair or poor control groups) (p<0.001) and the correlation between two factors was very high (r=0.304, p<0.001). For other factors influencing blood glucose control, a group with diabetes education showed significantly better blood glucose control compared to other groups without education (p<0.05). From the above results, diet therapy practice by patients, family support, and the necessity of diabetes education were confirmed to control blood glucose of diabetic patients. In conclusion, development and operation of education program should include not only patients but also their family members.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.275-286
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• 2016

Purpose: This study explored influencing factors on quality of life (QoL) above middle-aged women in relation to demographic factors, health-related factors, menopausal status, metabolic syndrome (MS) and its risk factors. Methods: This study was secondary data analysis from the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013~2015 that utilized a complex, multi-stage probability sample design. Study sample of 2,310 was inclusive of (28.8%) of women who were over 40. To evaluate the factors that would influence an impaired quality of life, $x^2$ test, GLM, and logistic regression analysis were done. Results: Level of quality of life was lower in women with late post-menopause(over 10 years since menopause) than women with pre-menopause. Factors influencing impaired QoL were as follows: graduated middle school and elementary school or less (OR=2.43, 4.42, respectively, p<.05), no job (OR=1.92, p<.001), stress (OR=1.92, p=.001), depression (OR=1.93, p=.001), insufficient sleep (OR=1.64, p=.003), late post-menopause (OR=2.61, p=.044) and over 85cm of waist circumference (OR=1.76, p=.01). Conclusion: These results suggest that late post-menopause may be an independent factor influencing an impaired QoL. To promote post-menopausal womens' health, a nursing strategy is required to teach women how to manage levels of stress, depression, insufficient sleep, and abdominal obesity through health education, nutritional counselling, and physical activity program.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7351-7354
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• 2013

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disease characterized by impaired glucose tolerance/diabetes, obesity, high triglyceride levels, low HDL levels, and hypertension. In this study we evaluate the relationship between tumor size and grade, and presence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Between 2007-2013, radical nephrectomy was performed for 310 patients with renal tumors in our clinic and those with pathology reported renal cell carcinoma were enrolled and divided into two groups, with and without metabolic syndrome diagnosed on the basis of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. The relationship between tumor size and grade of the two groups (Fuhrman nuclear degree) was evaluated statistically. Results: The metabolic syndrome was found in 70 patients, with a mean age of 65.5 (40-87), as compared to 58.8 (31-84) years in the non-metabolic syndrome group. Tumor size over 7 cm was found in 54% and 33%, respectively, and tumor grade over Fuhrman 3 in 56% and 32% of patients. Patients with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher tumor size and grade (p<0.05). In the presence of hypertension, diabetes and high triglyceride levels, significant assocations were again observed (p<0.05). Tumor size and degree also increased with increasing body mass index but this was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: Renal cancer is more aggressive in patients with metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle and risk factors were revealed to be significant influences in renal cancer patients.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2015

The present study, to examine the effect of the exercise for weight control, compares the difference of the heart rate and energy expenditure by sex during Twist exercise. Twenty eight adults (male 14, female 14) were carried out Twist exercise for 7 minutes and 14 minutes. During performing the exercise program, to perform HR and related variables were measured for 7 minutes and 14 minutes. Through a twist exercise treatment and the following results were obtained. 1. Females had slightly higher, without statistical significance, number of heart beat, minimum heart rate, maximum heart rate, and average heart rate than male had for both 7 minutes and 14 minutes of Twist exercise. 2. In the case of energy consumption, significant differences did not appear until 7 minutes to perform Twist exercise. On the other hand, the energy consumption for 14 minutes of performance was significantly higher in male than in female (p<.05). However, energy expenditure for the period per minute per unit weight (kcal/min/kg) showed no difference. 3. If more than 30 minutes duration were preformed the Twist exercise, males were expected to consume significantly higher than females (p<.05). To consume calories for the 10,000 step walk of, it would be required about 76 minutes for Twist exercise time without distinction of sex. Through the above findings, twist exercise is a form of aerobic exercise for obesity prevention and weight control, as well as it might be beneficial to practice and maintain the health and physical fitness with offering a variety of exercise opportunities in the public.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the influence of health point system on the lifestyle among the patients with chronic diseases listed in iCDMS, a project of the Incheon Metropolitan Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention. Methods: The data were collected 1,000 persons among the patients listed in iCDMS from March 16, 2009 to December 21, 2010 by telephone survey. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, odds ratio and logistic regression with the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The higher the percentage of the accumulation of the points of necessary medical examinations they have, the better the lifestyle the participants practice moderation in drinking, exercise, and diet (p<.05). Also the higher the percentage e accumulative points of education and visit, the stronger the intention to improve the lifestyle such as for example, receiving the guidance of no smoking, giving up drinking, or being conscious of nutrition and obesity (p<.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that the motivation through an incentive system can increase self-care make an effect on the care of patients with chronic diseases.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2012

Purpose: This study examined the influencing factors for metabolic syndrome and the annual medical expenditures of metabolic syndrome among public officials. Methods: The National Health Insurance data in 2009 were collected for 364,932 public officials and the heath examination results and annual medical expenditures were analyzed using PASW 18.0 program. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is 17.6%, and it was higher in male officials than that of females in all age groups. In men, the influencing factors for metabolic syndrome were: age, family history of stroke, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, and obesity. However, in women, health-related behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and exercise did not affect metabolic syndrome. People who had metabolic syndrome showed significantly higher medical expenditures than those without metabolic syndrome. The odds ratios of having the highest quartile in medical expenditures were 1.372 (95% CI 1.252~1.504, p<.001) in women with metabolic syndrome and 1.213 (95% CI: 1.184~1.243, p<.001) in men. Conclusion: The results implied that health-related behaviors were associated with metabolic syndrome, and resulted in higher medical expenditures. In order not only to decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome but also reduce medical expenditures, nurses should plan health promotion strategies to educate public officials about healthy life strategies.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to expand evidence-base for the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention programs to prevent the onset of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Methods: Seven intervention studies between 2006 and 2014 at Korea Association of Health Promotion were analyzed. All the studies were randomized controlled trials(RCTs) and included multi-component behavioral interventions. The participants of the programs were 2,172 adults with risk factors regarding metabolic syndrome criteria. The proportions of normalized participants were compared within and across the studies using odds ratio effect sizes. Results: The reductions in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome were from 49.6% to 65.1% in intervention groups, and from 38.7% to 52.3% in comparison groups. Significant differences in effectiveness between groups were found in two studies, one in 2006 with odds ratio of 1.69(p<0.01) and another in 2009 with odds ratio of 2.36(p<0.001). Proportions of normalized participants were higher in blood pressure(31.9% to 52.5% in the intervention groups and 23.0% to 43.3% in comparison groups) than other risk factors. Abdominal obesity showed weakest improvement after the intervention in both groups. Conclusions: Lifestyle modification program is an effective method to reduce diabetes and cardiovascular risks in adults by decreasing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.704-714
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• 2008

Purpose: This study explored the feasibility of a 12 week self-efficacy based exercise intervention for overweight and obese college students. Method: A repeated measure, 4-group randomized controlled design was used. Students were recruited from two universities. in Seoul. Korea using: (1) flyers either on the campus bulletin boards or in campus restrooms: (2) advertisement on campus e-board: and (3) self-referral. Inclusion criteria were: (1) Korean college students aged 18 to 29: (2) BMI >23: (3) viscerally obese: and (4) accessible to a phone and a computer. Participants completed three self-reported questionnaires: socio-demographic questionnaire (at the baseline), Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (at the baseline and $12^{th}$ week), and Physical Fitness sub-subscale (at the baseline and $12^{th}$ week). Additionally. physiological data (height, weight, blood pressure) were collected at the baseline and $12^{th}$ week. Descriptive statistics and a two-way mixed ANOVA were performed using SPSS12.0. Results: No significant group difference was observed. However. students with increased exercise self-efficacy during the program showed better physical fitness in the $12^{th}$ week. When students' physical fitness was enhanced. the physiological factors were improved. Conclusions: Self-efficacy based exercise intervention may be applicable and acceptable to the college students. It is necessary to conduct a replicated study with a larger sample and an elongated intervention period.