• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.285-292
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• 1998

흡연과 기도청력역치와의 연관성을 알아보기 위하여 1996년 1월 1일에서 1997년 7월 31일 사이에 종합 건강진단을 받기 위하여 내원한 성인 남성 1,887명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 주파수대별 순음기도청력 검사, 이완기 혈압, 총콜레스테롤, 공복혈당, 혈구용적치 그리고 비만도를 검사하였다. 설문지를 이용하여 연령, 직업, 흡연상태를 조사하였다. 흡연군이 비흡연군에 비하여 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz 그리고 4000 Hz 주파수에서 기도청력역치가 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 저주파수영역 평균청력 중간주파수영역 평균청력, 고주파수영역 평균청력에서 흡연군이 유의하게 기도청력역치가 높았다(p<0.05). 다중회귀분석 결과, 흡연상태는 연령, 직업, 이완기 혈압, 공복혈당, 총콜레스테롤, 혈구용적치, 비만도의 영향을 조정 한 후에도 유의한 변수였으며(p<0.05), 연령이 많고, 생산직이고, 혈구용적치가 높고 비만할수록 유의한 청력저하가 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 그러나 이완기혈압, 총콜레스테롤 그리고 공복혈당은 청력저하와 유의한 관련성이 없었다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때, 흡연은 성인 남성의 청력저하와 연관성이 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.445-454
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the validity of obese index among body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (WC) and to determine which is the best in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Korean elderly more than 65 ages. Data from the 1998 Korean Health and Nutrition Survey were used (n=1017). Anthropometric indices and CVD risk factors were measured, and chi-square test, analysis of variance following duncan's multiple range test, partial correlation analysis, and Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves were used in the analysis. Anthropometric values were decreased in both male and female when ages were goes up. In female elderly, it specially showed the characteristics of upper body fat and systolic blood pressure risk (p<0.05). Among life style factors the current smokers were prevalent in obese male (p<0.05), but not prevalent in female having obese or upper body fat. Also, person with upper body obesity have more exercise than that of normal group (p<0.01). Mean BMI values of the current smoker was lower than that of normal group in both sexes (p<0.01). Mean BMI value of person with other risk factors were higher than that of normal groups (p<0.05). Among 7 CVD risk factors in partial correlation analysis, WC had the highest correlation coefficient in 5 in male, whereas BMI in 4 in female. In ROC analyses of 12 risk factors and health conditions, the largest area under curve of obese indices for risk factors were WC>WHR>BMI in male and BMI>WHR>WC in female. The optimal cutoff values of each index (BMI : WHR : WC) for one or more risk factors were 19.02 : 0.84 : 71.3 in male and 19.04 : 0.88 : 85.6 in female. In conclusion, Most Korean elderly showed non-obese and abdominal obesity likewise other Asians. Also CVD risk factors were prevalent in Korean elderly within normal limits of obese indices. Therefore the upper body fat indices reflected in the aged whose muscle mass is replaced by fat must be used as an indicator of CVD risk together with BMI. Although WHR was the worst index based on partial correlation analysis and so located between BMI and WC in ROC curve analysis in both sexes, it need to be use with WC to screen the cardiovascular risk group.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.587-595
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 비만흡연자의 복합운동이 당뇨발생예측률 및 신체조성, 혈관탄성에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 비만흡연자의 건강한 삶을 위한 효과적인 운동프로그램을 제시하는데 있다. 본 연구의 취지를 충분히 설명하고 자발적 참여의 동의서를 작성한 D광역시에 소재한 H기업체의 협력업체 T기업에 근무하는 40대 비만흡연 사원 20명이었으며, 과거병력과 현재 특별한 질환이 없고 규칙적인 운동경험이 없는 자들로 구성하였다. 이들은 당뇨발생률예측률 및 신체조성, 혈관탄성 검사를 실시하였으며, 실험 전과 12주간 복합운동 실시 후 평균과 표준편차를 산출하기 위하여 기술통계를 실시하였고 실험 전 후 차이 검증은 Paired t-test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 통계적 유의수준은 p<.05로 설정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 12주간 복합운동프로그램 참여 후 당뇨발생예측률, 체중, 체지방률, 골격근량, 복부지방률 및 혈관탄성 상지(오른손, 왼손), 하지(오른발, 왼발)에서 통계적으로 유의한 수준의 변화를 보였다(p.<05).

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.365-374
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• 2005

This study was conducted to compare the validity of obese index among body mass index(BMI), waist to hip ratio(WHR), and waist circumference(WC) and to determine which is the best in relation to cardiovascular risk factors of middle aged Korean(40-64yr).Data from the 1998 Korean Health and Nutrition Survey were used(N=3380). Anthropometric indices and cardiovascular risk factors were measured. Chi-square test, analysis of variance following duncan's multiple range test, partial correlation analysis, and Receiver Operator characteristic(ROC) curves were used in the analysis. There was a significant increasing trend in WHR, systolic blood pressure(SBP), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL), and fasting blood sugar(FBS) with age categories of male and in BMI, WC, WHR, diastolic blood pressure(DBP), SBP, total cholesterol(TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL), triglycerol(TG), and FBS with those of female. Specially female had the characteristics of upper body fat and systolic blood pressure risk(p<0.05). Proportions of subjects with lifestyle factors related to cardiovascular risk in overweight or upper body fat group were higher than that of normal group. Higher proportions of subjects were practiced exercise in upper body fat group of male than in other groups. Among 7 cardiovascular risk factors in partial correlation analysis, BMI had the highest correlation coefficient in 6 risk factors in male, whereas WC in 4 risk factors in female. Mean of each obese index according to cardiovascular risk groups except smoker was higher than that of normal(p<0.05). These trends were shown in upper body fat group and female. In ROC analysis of 12 risk factors and health conditions, the largest area under curve among obese indices for risk factors were BMI in male and WHR in female. The optimal cutoff values of each index(BMI: WHR: WC) for one or more cardiovascular risk factors were 23.13: 0.89: 85.35 in male and 23.57: 0.84: 78.35 in female. The results showed that cardiovascular risk factors were prevalent in middle aged Koreans within normal limits of obese indices like another Asians. For the identification of cardiovascular risk factors of middle aged Koreans, BMI for men and WHR for women are appropriate indices. But it is recommended that BMI, WHR, and WC, all three indices should be considered, when using these indices.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2005

Purpose： This study estimated the prevalence of smoking among male and female school employees. This study also correlated key indicators of health with the number of cigarettes consumed per day by the male smokers. The indicators of health included health behavior, blood pressure (mmHg), BMI (kg/m2), diabetes, total cholesterol, GOT, GPT and GTP. Methods： Subjects included 2,640 male and 2,747 female employees working at elementary, middle, and high schools who received a physical check-up at the Seoul School Health Center in 2002. Data was obtained from the physical examinations, questionnaires, and laboratory results. Results： 39.7% of males and 0.4% of females were current smokers. 60% of the male smokers consumed between 10 and 19 cigarettes per day, and39.6% of male smokers had been smoking between 10 and 19 years. Smokers who consumed more than one pack per day had a relatively higher BMI than the non-smokers (24.7 24.1, respectively). However, smokers had lower blood pressure than non-smokers. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of current-smokers were 128.2 and 82.8, respectively, while the values among non-smokers were 129 and 84.5, respectively. The proportion of current smokers with severe obesity (over BMI 30) was 5.0%. This was considerably higher than the 1.3% of severely obese non-smokers. Current-smokers also had mean and abnormal rate of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, GOT, GPT, and GTP that were higherthan those of non-smokers. The frequency of red meat consumption, alcohol use, perceived incidents of stress were alsomore frequent in current-smokers than in non-smokers. Exercise frequency was also lower among smokers. In multiple regression after adjusting all possible confounding factors including age, BMI, diet, and drink, the parameter value of fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, GOT, GPT, and GTP increased relative to the level of cigarette consumption. Conclusion： Among school employees, health behavior, and general health status including BMI, total cholesterol, GOT, GPT, GTP, and fasting blood glucose were worse in smokers than in non-smoker.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2001

1999년 12월과 2000년 2월 사이에 경상북도 일개 농촌지역과 어촌지역 주민들 중 연구에 참여하기를 원하는 2,840명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 대상자의 신장, 체중, 그리고 공복 시 총콜레스테롤을 측정하였으며 신장과 체중을 이용하여 비만도를 계산하였다. 설문지를 이용하여 연령, 성별, 흡연, 음주, 그리고 폐경 상태(여성)를 면담 조사하였다. 어촌남성의 총콜레스테롤 평균치는 191.6mg/dl, 농촌남성이 173.6mg/dl이었고, 어촌여성은 206.9mg/dl, 농촌지여성은 186.9mg/ dl였다. 단순분석결과, 남성에서는 지역, 비만도, 그리고 흡연습관이 유의한 변수였다(p<0.01). 여성에서는 지역(p<0.01), 연령(p<0.01), 비만도(p<흡연습관(p<0.05), 그리고 폐경상태(p<유의한 변수였다. 총콜레스테롤치를 종속변수로 한 다중선형회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 남성에서는 어촌지역이 농촌지역에 비해(p<비만할수록(p<0.01) 총콜레스테롤은 유의하게 높았다. 여성에서는 어촌지역이 농촌지역에 비해(p<0.01), 비만할수록(p<0.01), 폐경여성이 정상에 비해(p<총콜레스테롤은 유의하게 높았다. 이와 같이 어촌지역이 농촌지역에 비해 총콜레스테롤치가 높았으며 남녀 모두에서 총콜레스테롤과 관련된 중요한 변수는 비만도였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.675-685
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• 2002

A study was performed to develop as a screening tool, the Simple Evaluation Questionnaire for screening Overweight Dietary Patterns in people in their 20's. We used the data from the 20 to 29 year old subjects who participated in the three surveys: the health behavior survey, the dietary habit survey and the food intake survey - as part of the National Health and Nutrition Survey of 1998. The 1,493 adults were classified into two body fatness groups, that of normal (including the underweight) , and the overweight (including the obese) on the basis of their relative body weight (RBW). When comparing general variables between the two groups, significant differences (11 variables) were found in gender, sadness/depression state, stress level, age, number of diseases, age when overweightedness started, maximum body weight, sleep length, presently a smoker, everyday smoking habits, number of alcoholic drinks in the past month, and the number of alcoholic drinks when dunk, as well as snacking frequency and fatty food consumption. There were significant differences between the two groups in the three variables of daily soup/kuk, pan fried fish/meat/poultry and cooked fish paste/ham/dried squid in terms of cooked food intake, and 11 variables of food size, cooked rice, stews, vegetables and kimchi at breakfast, panfried foods and beverage/teas at lunch, cooked rice and stews (liquid) at dinner, cooked fish paste/ham/dried squid at snacks and cooked fishpaste/ham/dried squid at snack between lunch and dinner. In terms of raw food intake, we observed significant differences (8 variables) in daily food intake and grains, grains/vegetables/fishes (shellfish) at breakfast, meat at lunch and milt at snack after dinner. After developing questions with indicators and analyzing the indicators by logistic regression analysis using 34 variables, including these 33, plus eating-out frequency, we chose 10 questions for the simple evaluation of dietary patterns for the overweight category, in order to give each one point each. Among them we assigned an additional point to one question and two points to another question. The average scores of the overweight and normal groups, as shown by the questionnaire developed, were 5.97 $\pm$ 2.36 and 7.36 $\pm$ 2.21, respectively. A score of seven points was selected as the cut-off point. We examined the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of the questionnaire to the results of 49.3%,75.4% and 68.8%, respectively. The total score categorized as an overweight dietary pattern was 30.2%.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2008

Background and Purpose : This study was to assess characteristics in acute stroke patients according to obesity and abdominal obesity. Methods : From1 Oct. 2005 to 31 Jul. 2007, 629 patients with a stroke were included. Patients were hospitalized within 30 days after the onset of stroke at Kyungwon University Incheon Oriental Hospital, DongGuk University International Hospital and Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Disease (Stroke Center), or Kyung Hee University Oriental Hospital. We investigated general characteristics preferences according to general obesity and abdominal obesity. Results : 629 acute stroke patients were included in the final analysis. Male, young age, hypertension, heart disease in the family history, hypertension in the past history, care of invalids or grandchildren and Taeumin in the Sasang constitution were higher among obese patients. Male, transient ischemic attack in the past history, smoker and Soyangin in the Sasangconstitution were higher among patients with abdominal obesity. The incidence of abdominal obesity corresponded to lower education level. Conclusions : In our study, we observed the general disposition of various characteristic distributions according to obesity and abdominal obesity in acute stroke patients.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of herbal medicine and other associated factors for abnormal liver function tests(especially total bilirubin, AST, ALT, and ${\gamma}$GT) levels in outpatients at an oriental medical clinic. Methods : A cross-sectional study based on clinical records was conducted on 504 patients at one Oriental medical clinic in Seoul, Korea. They were tested a liver function tests for screening and 497 patients ranging from the age of 4 to 74 were chosen for the study. Patients with basal liver disease or DM were excluded during the screening process. Patients were classified into case(abnormal) and control(normal) groups by normal liver function test references. Results and Conclusions : In this study, Significant correlations for abnormal total bilirubin levels was age, for abnormal AST was gender, for abnormal ALT were gender, smoking, marriage status, and job, for abnormal ${\gamma}$GT were age, gender, obesity, alcohol, smoking, marriage status, and job using the Chi-square test(p<0.05). There was no significant correlations for abnormal LFTs by using herbal medication history, and intake duration. After controlling other covariates, logistic regression analysis showed that the significant associated factors for abnormal total bilirubin levels were age(odds ratio[OR]=0.87, 95% confidence intervals [CI]=0.87-0.99). For abnormal AST levels was obesity(OR=2.45, CI=1.2-4.9), for abnormal ALT levels were age(OR=1.01, CI=0.99-1.03), male gender(OR=3.31, CI=1.62-6.76), and obesity(OR=3.71 CI=2.28-6.08). For abnormal ${\gamma}$GT levels were male gender(OR=4.83 CI=1.34-17.43), obesity(OR=3.29, CI=1.74-6.22), alcohol (OR=2.51, CI=1.19-5.28), and smoking(OR=2.29, CI=1.16-4.50). Herbal medication history was not as a risk factor for all abnormal liver function tests. Therefore, people who are male, obese, alcohol drinker and smoker will have higher liver function test levels. But intake of herbal medication or the duration of intake may not be the risk factor for abnormal liver function test results.