• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.756-766
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of weight control program on nutrient intakes and physical fitness of Korean obese adult women. The subjects of this study were 33 obese adult women aged 30-65 years residing in Seoul. The weight control program for obese women included nutrition education, cognitive behavioral therapy and exercise for 12 weeks. There were significant decrease (p < 0.001) of blood pressure and atherogenic index of obese women after the weight control program. Energy intake was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) from 1556.9kcal to 1044.9kcal after 12 weeks of the weight control program. Also protein, fat and carbohydrate intakes were significantly decreased. The ratio of energy intakes per day for the subjects was carbohydrate 64% : protein 16% : fat 20%. The frequency of vegetables intakes was significantly increased (p < 0.05) and there were no significant differences in other food groups. After the weight control program, muscle endurance, flexibility, balance and explosive muscular strength of subject's physical fitness were significantly improved. These results suggest that the weight control program for obese women may contribute to nutrient intakes reduction and improvement of physical fitness.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.561-576
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to classify the upper torso body types of obese Korean adult women using the 7th Korea National Anthropometric Study data and compare the body type differences according to three age groups: 20s~30s, 40s~50s, and 60s. A total of 548 adult women whose BMI was in the obese range of 25 or higher and whose age ranged from 20s to 60s were selected from the anthropometric database. Twenty-nine body measurements related to torso and arm areas important for torso and sleeve pattern development were chosen. Five drop values by differences between bust, waist, and hip circumferences were also chosen for analysis. The number of obese women increased with age. The results revealed seven factors according to the factor analysis and three obese body types based on the cluster analysis. Body type 1 (47.3% of obese women) was characterized by narrow shoulders, a small or medium torso, and a straight waist. Body type 2 (42.4% of obese women) was characterized by a defined waist and a larger lower torso than upper torso. Body type 3 (10.3% of obese women), the largest obese body type among the three types, was characterized by a large bust, large abdomen area, and long upper torso. Women in their 20s to 30s were most likely to have body type 2, women in their 40s to 50s were evenly distributed between body types 2 and 3, and women in their 60s were most likely to have body type 1.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a weight control programs on BMI, nutrition knowledge, physical fitness and stress level of adult obese women. The subjects of this study were 36 adult obese women aged 30-65 years whose BMI were above $23\;kg/m^2$. The weight control program for obese women included nutritional education, exercise and cognitive behavioral therapy for 12 weeks. The BMI of the subjects was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) from $27.1\;kg/m^2$ to $26.4\;kg/m^2$ after the 12 weeks of the weight control program. In addition, the weight of body fat was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) and % body fat was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) from 35.4% to 34.9% after completion of the weight control program. In addition, nutritional knowledge (p < 0.001) and eating behavior scores (p < 0.01) were significantly increased. However, the food intake scores were not changed after the program. Stress levels of the adult obese women were significantly decreased (p < 0.001) from 85.63 to 66.88 and also obesity stress levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) after the weight control program. In the physical fitness levels of the subjects, muscle endurance (p < 0.05) and ability of balance (p < 0.01) were significantly improved after completion of the weight control program. There were positive significant correlations between general stress and obesity stress level (p < 0.05), and negative correlations between stress level and food intake score (p < 0.05). These results showed that the weight control program for adult obese women may be effectively used to improve weight reduction, physical fitness and stress levels.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.12-21
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary intake, anthropometric data, and association between two factors and main food sources contributing macronutrients for overweight and obese females. Subjects were 85 adult females (overweight : 28, obese 57) where mean age was 38.7y. The results are summarized as follows. Mean fat percent, BMI, obesity rate were 29.3, 23.9 and 15.1%, respectively for overweight women and 32.7, 28.3, 36.4%, respectively for obese women. There were significant differences for most of the anthropometric data between groups. Fat percent for all subjects was significantly correlated with weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, mid arm circumference or skinfold thickness for the triceps, subscapular and suprailiac (p < 0.001). The parameter which showed the highest correlation coefficient (r=0.6156) with fat Percentage was the waist to hip ratio. Any significant differences were not found in dietary intake of nutrients or in diet composition between groups. The mean energy intake was 2090.1kcal (104% of RDA) for overweight women and 2113.0kcal (106% of RDA) for obese women. PFC ratio for overweight was 17 : 24 : 59 and 18 : 23 : 58 for obese subjects, which can be regarded as higher fat and lower carbohydrate percentages compared to recommended PFC ratio (15 20 65) .4) Fat intake was positively correlated (r : 0.2301, p < 0.05) with the triceps skinfold thickness, protein intake was also positively correlated with waist circumference (r=0.2668, p < 0.05) or fat weight(r: 0.2406, p < 0.05) .5) The main food items that contributed to energy intake for overweight or obese subjects were similar (rice, pork, bread, grapes, barley) except com oil in overweight or instant noodle for obese group. The subjects in this study were taking less energy from rice and more energy from pork and bread than women from 98 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Because there were no significant differences of dietary data between overweight and obese group, further investigation considering basal metabolic rate or activity would be needed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.706-715
• /
• 2011

This study aims to identify the dietary patterns relevant to obesity of Korean women among low income classes. Adults 20-64 years were used as study subjects from the data of 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We compared obese and normal-weight women in terms of their nutrients intake, diet quality and food patterns. Diet quality was assessed by using the Nutritional Adequacy Ratio (NAR) and Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ). Our results showed higher prevalence of obesity among lower socioeconomic status women. In men, there were no significant associations with socioeconomic status and prevalence of obesity. Higher risk of nutritional inadequacy was observed among obese women compared to normal weight women. Obese women showed significantly lower INQ for nutrients such as Ca, Fe, Vitamin A, Thiamin, Riboflavin and Vitamin C compared to other women. They consumed significantly higher amount of rice (p < 0.05) and lower amount of vegetables (p < 0.01). By contrast, obese men from low income classes showed higher intake of those nutrients. Obese men also consumed significantly higher amount of meats than normal weight men. Therefore, this study suggests that gender-specific approaches based on economic situation should be considered in developing the intervention program for managing obesity for low income classes.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.129-142
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity, body image perception, and weight control for obesity management in adult women. Methods: The subjects of this study were 3,617 women aged over 19 years, who participated in the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016. Data were analyzed through complex sampling design data analysis. Results: Right body image perception according to obesity was apparent between 70.6-81.7% of women and 76.5% of women with abdominal obesity perceived that they were normal. Obese women performed more weight control than non-obese women. Women with only abdominal obesity performed less weight control than non-obese women, and 47.3% of them performed weight control. Women who perceived themselves as obese performed more weight control than women who perceived themselves as non-obese (odds ratio, 2.08; confidence interval, 1.69-2.57), but body mass index was not observed to be associated with weight control. Conclusions: Education on abdominal obesity should be provided to increase awareness about abdominal obesity and its effective management, especially in women with only abdominal obesity. In addition, interventions for right body type perception should be provided for proper weight control along with prevention and management of obesity.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.424-430
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare predictions and measurements of the resting energy expenditure (REE) of overweight and obese adult women in Korea. Methods: The subjects included 65 overweight or obese adult women ranging in age from 20~60 with a recorded body mass index (BMI) of 23 or higher. Their height, weight, waist-hip ratio, and blood pressure were measured. The investigator also measured their body fat, body fat percentage, and body composition of total weight without fat using Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and measured resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry. Measured resting energy expenditures were compared with predictions from six methods: Harris-Benedict, Mifflin, Owen, WHO-WH, Henry-WH, and KDRI. Results: Harris-Benedict predictions showed the smallest differences from measured resting energy expenditure at an accurate prediction rate of 70%. The study analyzed regression between measured resting energy expenditure and body measurements including height, weight and age. The formula proposed by this research is as follows: Proposed REE equation for overweight and obese Korean women = $721-(1.5{\times}age)+(0.4{\times}height)+(9.9{\times}weight)$. Conclusions: These findings suggest that age is a significant variable when predicting resting energy expenditure in overweight and obese women. Therefore, prediction of resting energy expenditure should consider age when determining energy requirements in overweight and obese women.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.535-546
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out to analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and general characteristics, psychological factors, eating habits, dietary behaviors, and health related quality of life using survey of 335 women aged 20 to 29 years in the Seoul and Kyungin areas. The 335 study subjects were divided into 4 groups by BMI ($kg/m^2$) levels; normal group($18.5{\leq}BMI{\leq}22.9$), overweight group($23.0{\leq}BMI{\leq}24.9$), mild obesity group($25.0{\leq}BMI{\leq}29.9$), and heavy obesity group ($BMI{\geq}30$) by Asian-Pacific obesity index criteria. The family income of the heavy obesity group was significantly (p<0.05) less than that of the normal weight group. Psychological factors, such as stress and depression of the normal weight group tended to be higher than those of overweight and obesity groups. The higher BMI level had the lower self-efficacy(p<0.05) among all subjects. As the BMI level increased, the preference for sweet, salty, and hot taste was significantly high. We found that normal weight women had healthier eating habits and dietary behaviors and a higher level of health-related quality of life than did those who were overweight, mildly obese, and heavily obese women. Overweight and mildly and heavily obese women were strongly associated with decreased physical and mental health related quality of life. Therefore, weight loss is desirable, and is likely to be beneficial for health-related quality of life in obese adult women. In conclusion, this study contains evidence to suggest that obesity management programs including different strategies according to obesity are required to determine the types of programs that are suitable for adult women, prior to their initiation of a program. The findings are helpful to inform researchers and practitioners who are seeking to implement appropriate strategies to create positive changes in the health behaviors of obese adult women.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.425-434
• /
• 2005

Purpose: To examine the effects of the aerobic exercise program on changing the body composition, blood lipids and self-esteem of the obese elderly women. Method: A total of 26 obese elderly women(%body fat: over 30%) have been selected for this research[Experimental Group(EG):13, Control Group(CG):13). Walking at a 50% intensity was administered 4 days a week for 14 weeks. The data was analyzed using the SPSS program. Result: The level of % body fat, TC, LDL-C, and %TC/HDL-C in EG was significantly lower than those of the CG after 14 weeks. In addition, the level of HDL-C and self-esteem in EG was significantly higher than those of the CG after 14 weeks. However, TG, body weight between groups didn't appear significant at the end of 14 weeks. Conclusion: The results showed that the aerobic exercise program was effective in changing body composition, blood lipids and self-esteem of the obese elderly women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.784-792
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of weight control programs on BMI, serum profiles, nutrition knowledge and eating behaviors of adult obese women. The subjects of this study were 33 adult obese women aged 30-65 years residing in Seoul. The weight control program for obese women included nutritional education, cognitive behavioral therapy and exercise for 12 weeks. The weight control experience of the subjects was 60.6%. They preferred physical exercise and diet restriction to weight control and 72.7% of subjects answered that the reasons for wanting to control their weight was health. The BMI of test subjects significantly decreased (p<0.001) from 28.3 to 27.1 after the 12 weeks of the weight control program. In addition, the % body fat significantly decreased (p<0.001) from 36.4% to 34.5% after completion of the weight control program. SGPT levels in the serum were also significantly decreased (p<0.05) after the program. Triglyceride levels significantly decreased from 194.9 mg/dL to 98.1 mg/dL (p<0.01) and the HDL cholesterol level significantly increased (p<0.01) from 55.8 mg/dL to 60.0 mg/dL after completion of the weight control program. Nutritional knowledge and eating behavior scores were significantly increased (p<0.001). In addition, the eating self-efficacy of the subjects was significantly increased (p<0.01); however, the food diversity scores were not changed after the program. These results suggest that the weight control program for adult obese women may be effectively used to promote weight reduction and improve nutritional knowledge and eating behavior.