• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.200-205
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• 1995

Nutritional factors regulating the morphological differentiation and physiological differentiation of Streptomyces exfoliatus SMF13 on surface cultures were evaluated. S. exfoliatus SMF13 produced leupeptin and chymotrypsin-like protease (CTP) at the stage of substrate mycelium growth, and leupeptin-inactivating enzyme (LIE) and trypsin-like protease (TLP) at the stage of aerial mycelium growth. The activity of leupeptin and CTP was high in the region of active growing substrate mycelium, whereas the activity of LIE and TLP was high in the region of aerial mycelium or spores. The differentiations were induced in glucose-limited conditions or by the addition of glucose anti-metabolite (methyl $\alpha$-glucopyranoside), but repressed by high concentrations of glucose or casamino acids. Morphological differentiation (formation of aerial mycelia and spores) was closely related with physiological differentiation (formation of brown-pigment, LIE and TLP). The local distribution of leupeptin, CTP, LIE, and TLP in a developing colony showed that colony development correlated with the production and functions of the compounds: CTP is essential for providing a nitrogen source for mycelium growth: leupeptin regulates TLP activity: LIE inactivates leupeptin: TLP hydrolyzes nongrowing mycelium.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.535-545
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the practice of complementary feeding and its influencing factors in children under 2 years of age in Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data obtained from the 2017 National Socioeconomic Survey. The sample totaled 1,751 households with children under 2 years of age, who received complementary feeding in urban and rural communities. Furthermore, the practice of complementary feeding was evaluated on the basis of the variations in provided food grouped into two categories: complete and incomplete. This study applied bivariate and multivariate analytical methods. Multivariate analysis was performed using binary logistic regression. Results: The proportion of children under 2 years of age who received complementary feeding with complete variant food was 15.9%, while that with incomplete variant food was 84.1%. Furthermore, the factor influencing the practice of complementary feeding among the children was the mother's educational level (odds ratio: 1.481, 95% confidence interval: 0.245-0.943). Conclusion: Complete complementary feeding, which involves a variety of food sources, is the best approach to improve the nutritional status of infants. Therefore, the source of food for complementary feeding must be accessible to all communities.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 2021

In the search for another appealing source of future food to cover the increasing need for nutrients of a growing global population, this study reviewed the potential of insects as human food. This study assessed some common edible insects, but concentrated on mealworms. Insects, especially mealworms, have a similar or higher nutritional value than many conventional food sources. The present study aimed to promote health through the development of blueberry cake by Mealworm Powder (Tenebrio molitor Lavare). The results of Sensory evaluation comparison of Blueberry cake to different levels of mealworm powder. The sensory evaluation showed that sample 3 had the highest color, taste, texture, and overall texture except flavour. Therefore, mealworm blueberry cake made with 60g of mealworm powder showed the best results. The results of analyzing the general components of the Mealworm blueberry cake showed more than two times higher Crude protein and less than half Crude fat compared to control blueberry cake. It is believed that the addition of mealworm powder means that the protein in the cake, a high carbohydrate food, has been strengthened. This is the development of bakery products with both nutritional excellence and symbolism, and it is believed that wheat worm powder is a good food material as a favorite food, not a hateful food, which will improve consumer awareness of edible insects.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.s01
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• pp.64-85
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• 1988

Peanut seeds are characterized by high oils and proteins with good quality, and are utilized as an edible oil source and a protein-rich food products. The end products, being peanut butter, salted seed, confections, roasting stock and other by-products are favored in world-wide because of their unique roasted peanut flavor. As with many other foods, interest in the composition and chemistry of peanut is largely a result of thier use as human food. Thus, a more complete knowledge of thier chemical and food quality and flavor properties is desired. Literatures are reviewed mainly focucing on the physicochemical properties and nutritional quality of oil, protein and flavor in peanuts. Chemical properties of protein and oil, and volatile flavor component in peanut seeds are studied extensively in view point of chemical and food nutritional value. But in crop base, the synthesis and genetic studies of the chemicals could not provide valuable informations on the breeding for quality improvement. Some essential amino acids are limiting in peanut seeds and the tocopherols are very important in oil stability and for dietary adequacy ratio in high linoleic acid peanut oil, but it is thought to be quite difficult to improve by breeding technique as their lack information of gene actions. However, the selections of high protein and oil, and some essential amino acids and linoleic acid rich genotypes could be helpful for the quality improving. Research studies are also needed to elucidate the relationships between flavor components and consumer perception of peanut flavor.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 2014

Despite abundant nutritions, krill is barely used for human consumption. The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional component and amino acid composition of krill and further utilizes it for food resource. Proximate compositions of krill meal were consisted of crude protein 58.85%, ash 13.89%, crude fat 12.45%, carbohydrate 11.01% and moisture 3.80%. The amount of total amino acid was 54.74 g%, and the major amino acids were glutamic acid (7.71 g%), aspartic acid (6.20 g%), leucine (4.72 g%), lysine (4.41 g%), arginine (6.49 g%) and alanine (3.25 g%), respectively. Total essential amino acid content was 21.87%, and the major amino acids were leucine (4.72 g%), lysine (4.41 g%) and isoleucine (2.90 g%), respectively. Content of total free amino acid in krill meal was 20224.30 mg/kg, and the major free amino acids were taurine (4501 mg/kg), arginine (3130.60 mg/kg), proline (2302.90 mg/kg), alanine (2088.10 mg/kg), glycine (1606.40 mg/kg) and lysine (1197.40 mg/kg). Especially, taurine was the most abundant of all free amino acids. Thus, these data indicate that krill seems to be abundant protein source food.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.409-413
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• 1994

This fundamental study was undertaken to evaluate the nutritional value of Canola rapeseed meal which has been increasingly used as a by-product with the demand for the food oil resource. To compare the nutritive values among rapeseed meal and soybean meal, two experiments were carried out by using rats. One was a digestibility test of rapessed meal and the other was the growth rate of rats for 21 days. The chemical compositions , blucosinolate and amino acids of defatted repeseed meal and defatted soybean meal were analyzed. After one week feeding, nitrogen excretion in rats was measured to study FER, PER , TD , BW , and NPU of the meals. The amount of crude proteins in defatted rapeseed meal and defatted soybean meal were 45.5% and 37.9%. The glucosinolate content of defatted rapeseed meal was 0.04% . The body weight gain of defatted rapeseed meal was not signficantly different from that of defatted soybean meal (p>0.01). After one week feeding, there was no significant differencess in organ weight and serum components between two groups(p>0.01). It was presumed that the rapeseed meal has enough possibility for developing food to use as a protein source like a soybean meal protein. However, more careful experiments are needed to clarify the nutritional value of rapeseed meal of Canola since the lipids composition of blood tended to be different when the rapeseed meal and soybean meal were used.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.269-273
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• 2012

Shinseoncho and kale were divided into stem [shinseoncho stems (SS) and kale stems (KS)] and leaf parts [shinseoncho leaves (SL) and kale leaves (KL)] and made into green vegetable juices for analyses of nutritional compositions and antioxidant activities. Higher values of total acidity were observed in SL (0.736%) and KL (0.841%) than in SS (0.417%) and KS (0.335%) (p<0.05). Neutral sugar content showed higher values in SS (21.740 mg/mL) and SL (18.657 mg/mL) when compared with KS (1.497 mg/mL) and KL (1.452 mg/mL) (p<0.05). Protein content showed the highest value in SL (7.610 mg/mL) (p<0.05), while SS (0.403 mg/mL) and KS (0.403 mg/mL) showed similar lower values. Total polyphenol contents of SL (423.139 ${\mu}g/mL$) was significantly higher value (p<0.05) than those of other samples, which occurred in the following order: SL>KL (218.494 ${\mu}g/mL$) KS (107.269 ${\mu}g/mL$)>SS (75.894 ${\mu}g/mL$). KL exerted the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (84.834%) (p<0.05), which occurred in the following order: KL>SL (63.473%)>KS (52.894%)>SS (35.443%). ABTS radical scavenging activity showed that SL (66.088%) and KL (38.511%) had higher scavenging activities, whereas SS (7.695%) and KS (9.609%) demonstrated to be lower activities (p<0.05). In general, leaf parts had much higher antioxidant activities as well as total polyphenol contents than those of the stem parts. In conclusion, shinseoncho and kale, particularly their leaf parts, offer antioxidant properties in green vegetable juices and the consumption of them may be beneficial as a nutrition source and in health protection.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1059-1066
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• 2014

In this study, the nutritional value, total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of freeze-dried Cedrela sinensis tender leaf powder were examined. Among the nutritional values, the crude protein, crude fiber, calcium, and potassium were abundantly present in Cedrela sinensis. The Cedrela sinensis powder was extracted with two solvents, 70% ethanol and distilled water (D.W.), to evaluate its functional properties. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were measured in the two different extracts, and the extracts were screened for their potential antioxidant activities using tests such as DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and ABTS radical scavenging assay. Although both extracts exhibited good antioxidant activities against trolox, the ethanolic extract exhibited higher antioxidant activities than the D.W. extract. These results indicated that the Cedrela sinensis powder is a high-valued food ingredient and the extraction with 70% ethanol will be useful as a nutritional source with natural antioxidant activities.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2010

The milk product is one of the major foods which provide calcium for nutritional requirement. In addition to calcium, it supplies diverse nutrients including protein, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, and vitamin $B_2$. Adequate calcium intake throughout lifetime ensures optimum bone density and prevents osteoporosis in old age by reducing loss of bone mineral during growth and aging. The nutritional deficiency of calcium intake and spreading of osteoporosis in Korean population accentuated necessity of adequate calcium intake through milk consumption. Obstruction of milk consumption due to lactose intolerance should be overcome by educational programs for adequate milk consumption and low-lactose milk product developments. Consumption of milk products was reported to prevent high blood pressure in clinical studies and epidemiological investigations. As the feeding of milk increased, the body weight and fat of animal decreased in animal studies. The epidemiological investigations revealed that there was a negative correlation between the amount of milk consumption and the body fat. When calcium was provided as dietary supplement in the clinical trials, the body weight and body fat of subjects decreased. When calcium was particularly supplied as a part of milk, the body weight reduction rate was augmented. Calcium, vitamin D, and conjugated linoleic acid have been reported to exert a role in reducing cancer. The paramount importance of milk in nutrition as a source of calcium and other invaluable nutrients emphasizes consistent supply of milk products to adults as well as adolescents by dairy industry.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.971-975
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• 2007

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the feeding values of red pepper seed oil meal (RPSOM) and to investigate its dietary supplementation on broiler performances. In Exp. 1, nutritional values of RPSOM were evaluated by analyzing chemical composition and determining true metabolizable energy (TME), nitrogen corrected TME (TMEn) and true available amino acid (TAAA). RPSOM contained 22.50% of CP, 4.75% of ether extract, 27.70% of crude fiber, 4.73% of crude ash and 49.97 ppm of xanthophylls. The contents of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were 34 mg and 31 mg/100 g DM, respectively. The values of TME and TMEn determined by force-feeding 16 roosters were 1.73 kcal/g and 1.63 kcal/g DM, respectively. The average TAAA value of 17 amino acids was 85.22%. In Exp. 2, a total of 225 Ross male broiler chicks, 3 weeks old, were randomly divided into 9 groups of 25 birds each and assigned to three experimental diets containing 0 (control), 5 or 10% RPSOM fed ad libitum for 3 weeks. No significant differences were observed in growth performances and carcass characteristics. The level of serum cholesterol in the 10% RPSOM group was significantly lower than that of the control group (113.92 vs. 137.50 mg/dl). The dietary RPSOM at 5 and 10% levels increased the content of C18:2 ${\omega}{\sigma}$ in leg muscle compared with the control group. The results suggested that RPSOM can be included into broiler feed up to 10% without any negative effects on broiler performances and physiological responses and used as a non-conventional plant protein source, if its nutritional values are well evaluated.