• 제목/요약/키워드: nutrition and food safety

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서식지에 따른 다소비 어류의 납과 카드뮴의 오염 및 위해 평가 (Contamination and Risk Assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Commonly Consumed Fishes as Affected by Habitat)

  • 김기현;김용중;허민수;김진수
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제49권5호
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    • pp.541-555
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    • 2016
  • This study determined the concentrations of lead and cadmium in 18 species of commonly consumed fish and assessed the risk based on provisional tolerable weekly (monthly) intakes [PTW(M)I] % as affected by behavioral characteristics, such as migration and settlement. In the 18 species, the mean concentrations of lead and cadmium were higher in the 11 species of migratory fish (llargehead hairtail Trichiurus lepturus, chub mackerel Scomber japonicus, Pacific saury Cololabis saira, skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis, Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus, anchovy Engraulis japonicus, Alaska pollack Theragra chalcogramm, brown croaker Miichthys miiuy, Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius, yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis, and Pacific herring Clupea pallasii) than in the seven demersal species (red stingray Dasyatis akajei, brown sole Pleuronectes herzensteini, bastard halibut Paralichthys olivaceus, conger eel Conger myriaster, blackmouth angler Lophiomus setigerus, rockfish Sebastes schlegelii, and filefish Stephanolepis cirrhifer). Based on the mean concentrations, the PTWI % of lead and cadmium in commonly consumed migratory fish were 1.900 and 2.986%, respectively, which were higher than the values for lead and cadmium in the commonly consumed demersal fishes (0.257 and 0.318%, respectively). The estimation of weekly (monthly) intakes and target hazard quotients for the toxic elements lead and cadmium revealed that the commonly consumed migratory and demersal fish do not pose any health risks for consumers.

Un-met Supportive Care Needs of Iranian Breast Cancer Patients

  • Abdollahzadeh, Farahnaz;Moradi, Narges;Pakpour, Vahid;Rahmani, Azad;Zamanzadeh, Vahid;Mohammadpoorasl, Asghar;Howard, Fuchsia
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권9호
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    • pp.3933-3938
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    • 2014
  • Background: Assessment of supportive needs is the requirement to plan any supportive care program for cancer patients. There is no evidence about supportive care needs of Iranian breast cancer patients. So, the aims of present study were to investigate this question and s predictive factors. Materials and Methods: A descriptive-correlational study was conducted, followed by logistic regression analyses. The Supportive Care Needs Survey was completed by 136 breast cancer patients residing in Iran following their initial treatment. This assessed needs in five domains: psychological, health system and information, physical and daily living, patient care and support, and sexuality. Results: Patient perceived needs were highest in the health systems and information (71%), and physical and daily living (68%) domains. Logistic regression modeling revealed that younger participants have more un-met needs in all domains and those with more children reported fewer un-met needs in patient care and support domains. In addition, married women had more un-met supportive care needs related to sexuality. Conclusions: The high rate of un-met supportive care needs in all domains suggests that supportive care services are desperately required for breast cancer patients in Iran. Moreover, services that address informational needs and physical and daily living needs ought to be the priority, with particular attention paid to younger women. Further research is clearly needed to fully understand supportive care needs in this cultural context.

유통중인 양식산 냉동전복(Haliotis discus hannai)의 미생물학적·화학적 위해요소분석 및 안전성 평가 (Risk Analysis of Microbiological and Chemical Hazards in Cultured Frozen Abalone Haliotis discus hannai Distributed in Markets)

  • 전은비;강상인;허민수;이정석;박신영
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제57권3호
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    • pp.203-208
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    • 2024
  • Fifteen cultured frozen abalone Haliotis discus hannai samples were purchased from supermarkets, traditional markets, online markets, and processing factories throughout Korea for the safety assessment of microbiological and chemical hazards. Sanitary-indicative (total viable bacteria, coliforms, and Escherichia coli) and pathogenic (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Clostridium perfringens, and Enterohemorrhagic E. coli) bacterial contamination levels were assessed quantitatively or qualitatively. Additionally, heavy metal content (lead, cadmium, and total mercury) and radioactivity (134CS+137CS, 131I) were quantitatively assessed. The total viable bacterial count was 4.3×102 CFU/g, while coliform count was 50 CFU/g. E. coli was not detected in any of the samples (count < 10 CFU/g). All six pathogenic bacteria tested negative qualitatively. The average lead, cadmium, and total mercury contamination levels in the cultured frozen abalone were 0.100±0.057, 0.145±0.061, and 0.015±0.001 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, none of the samples were radioactive. According to the results of this study, cultured frozen abalones distributed in all types of markets were safe from all microbiological and chemical hazards.

Aloe vera Is Effective and Safe in Short-term Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

  • Hong, Seung Wook;Chun, Jaeyoung;Park, Sunmin;Lee, Hyun Jung;Im, Jong Pil;Kim, Joo Sung
    • Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.528-535
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    • 2018
  • Background/Aims To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Aloe vera (AV) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for studies dated between 1st January 1960 and 30th December 2017. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared AV to placebo in patients with IBS. The primary outcome was standardized mean difference of the change in severity of IBS symptoms as measured by patient-rated scales. Secondary outcomes included response rate of IBS symptoms and adverse events. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using Cochrane's Q and $I^2$ statistics. Results Three RCTs with a total of 151 patients with IBS were included. The meta-analysis showed a significant difference for patients with AV compared to those with placebo regarding improvement in IBS symptom score (standardized mean difference, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.07-0.75; P = 0.020). Using intention-to-treat analysis, the AV patients showed significantly better response rates of IBS symptoms compared to placebo (pooled risk ratio, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.05-2.73; P = 0.030). No adverse events related with AV were found in included studies. There was no significant heterogeneity of effects across studies (P = 0.900; $I^2=0%$). Conclusion AV is effective and safe for the treatment of patients with IBS compared to placebo.

Survival Behavior of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during over 60-Day Aging of Camembert Cheeses Manufactured from Unpasteurized Raw Milk

  • Chon, Jung-Whan;Seo, Kun-Ho;Lim, Jong-Soo;Youn, Hye-Young;Jeong, Dongkwan;Song, Kwang-Young
    • Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제40권4호
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    • pp.151-162
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    • 2022
  • Although many developed countries (USA, Canada, and several EU countries) allow raw milk cheese to be aged more than 60 days, these countries have strict standards for the aging conditions, such as temperature, of raw milk cheese. Spiking experiments were conducted with Camembert cheese made from raw milk, to assess the microbiological safety of raw milk cheese aged for more than 60 days. We spiked Escherichia coli O157:H7 into raw milk with different inoculation levels (high, medium, and low). Camembert cheese was prepared from the inoculated raw milk, then aged in an incubator for up to 9 weeks (63 days). There were no significant differences in pH and water activity (aW) between uninoculated cheese and cheese samples inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 (p<0.05). The pH and aWof the Camembert cheese decreased throughout the storage period. In conclusion, E. coli O157:H7 did not affect the pH and aW of the cheese samples. Cell counts were conducted every week using the agar-plating method. Inoculated cells were completely eliminated, especially in Camembert cheese, after 60 days, and the reduction rate of cells was much faster in Camembert cheese.

며느리배꼽추출물을 함유하는 페이스 크림의 보습 및 건조함 감소 효과 (Moisturizing and Dryness Reduction Effect of Face Cream Containing Persicaria Perfoliata (L.) Extract)

  • 김성윤;윤현서;현숙경;박충무
    • 대한통합의학회지
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.27-36
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    • 2022
  • Purpose : This study was aimed to analyze the effects of cosmetics containing Persicaria perfoliata water extract (PPWE) on the skin moisturizing and improvement of skin condition in clinical trials. Methods : Clinical trial was conducted for five weeks after IRB approval at Dong-Eui University. Out of a total of 64 people, 15 people each were assigned to four groups as follows; control group A, B, C and the experimental group A that using cosmetic containing PPWE. Skin condition was measured two times, before and after clinical trial, by a professional skin analyzer, SDM (skin diagnosis system). Moisture and oil value of participants was analyzed twice, each morning and evening, using a portable device on their cheeks. In addition, the survey was investigated subjective satisfaction on change in skin condition and the satisfaction on the use of cosmetics. Result : The experimental group exhibited subjectively significant changes before and after clinical trials on skin its dryness (p=.039), blush (p=.017), and redness (p<.001). In addition, subjective evaluation was also the highest satisfaction in aspects of number of application (p=.003), amount of application (p=.002), moisture maintenance, and skin scratching frequency. The satisfaction on the use of cosmetics was the highest in the intention to repurchase (p=.045), recommendation willingness to others (p=.020), and intention to use various products (p=.001). Skin moisture of the clinical trial participants using the SDM, moisture level and elasticity of the experimental group increased by 12.94 and 10.28. Moisture level, which was measured by a portable device, was the most potently increased in the experimental group. Conclusion : Consequently, PPWE containg cosmetics exhibited the effects of moisturization and attenuated skin dryness in clinical trials, which might be utilized as a fundamental data to develop numerous lines of cosmetics.

외식업체에서 제공하는 잠재적 위험 식품의 미생물적 품질향상을 위한 중점관리점 관리방안 (Management of Critical Control Points to Improve Microbiological Quality of Potentially Hazardous Foods Prepared by Restaurant Operations)

  • 전혜연;최정화;곽동경
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제30권6호
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    • pp.774-784
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    • 2014
  • 연구는 외식업체에서 제공하고 있는 식단 중에 PHF(Potentially Hazardous Foods)메뉴를 Screening하여, 미생물적 품질을 향상시킬 수 있는 중점관리기준의 관리방안을 제시하고자 하는 목적으로 연구가 진행되었다. 1. 실온에 방치되어 있던 시금치나물은 미생물 증식이 가능한 위험 온도 범위인 $24.2{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$에 20시간정도 장시간 노출되었으며, Solberg M 등(1990)이 제시한 원재료의 미생물적 안전기준치에 대해 $6.36{\pm}0.5{\log}\;CFU/g$, $4.59{\pm}0.1{\log}\;CFU/g$로 기준치를 모두 초과하였다. 또한 영국 PHLS(Gilbert RJ 등 2000)의 장내세균 기준치에 따르면 $4.46{\pm}0.1{\log}\;CFU/g$로 만족스럽지 못한 수준으로 나타났으며, 황색포도상구균도 기준치를 초과하였다. 반면에 냉장보관($4.9^{\circ}C$)을 했던 시금치나물은 일반세균 $2.86{\pm}0.5{\log}\;CFU/g$으로 그 외의 모든 미생물 검사에서 기준치 아래의 수치로 나타났다. 2. 양상추의 원재료의 표준평판균수는 $4.66{\pm}0.4{\log}\;CFU/g$에서 세척만 했을 때 $3.12{\pm}0.6{\log}\;CFU/g$, 소독 후 세척을 했을 때 $2.23{\pm}0.3{\log}\;CFU/g$로 100 ppm에서 5분 침지한 양상추가 미생물오염도가 낮게 측정되었으며, 대장균군수와 황색포도상구균, 장내세균수 모두 소독 후 세척했을 경우가 낮은 미생물수치를 보였다. 또한 토마토는 원재료의 표준평판균수가 $3.08{\pm}0.4{\log}\;CFU/g$였는데, 소독 후 세척과정을 거친 토마토가 $0.72{\pm}0.7{\log}\;CFU/g$로, 세척만 한 토마토의 표준평판균수 $2.10{\pm}0.3{\log}\;CFU/g$보다 현저히 낮은 수치를 보였다. 소독과정을 거친 토마토의 대장균군수와 황색포도상구균수가 역시 낮은 수치를 보였으며, 장내세균의 경우는 소독 후 세척과정을 거친 토마토에서는 균이 전혀 발견되지 않았다. 단체급식에서 여러 번의 세척만으로 다량의 생채소 품질을 위생적 상태로 만드는 것은 매우 힘든 일이며 따라서 가열조리를 거치지 않는 생채소 음식의 전처리에는 반드시 소독과정이 포함되어야 한다. 3. Screening을 통해 원재료의 특성상 미생물오염도가 높게 나타났던, 세척하기 까다로운 베이비채소, 라디치오, 부추를 선정하여 염소수 100 ppm에 5분 소독, 100 ppm에 10분 소독을 시행하여 미생물적 품질향상에 기여할 수 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 라디치오는 표준평판균수가 원재료 $6.02{\pm}0.5{\log}\;CFU/g$, 5분 소독 후 $4.10{\pm}0.6{\log}\;CFU/g$, 10분 소독 후 $2.58{\pm}0.3{\log}\;CFU/g$로 원재료에서 높은 수치를 보였지만, 10분 소독 후에는 현저히 낮은 수치를 보였다. 또한 베이비채소의 원재료의 표준평판균수는 $5.76{\pm}0.1{\log}\;CFU/g$이고, 5분 소독 후 $5.14{\pm}0.1{\log}\;CFU/g$, 10분 소독 후 $4.27{\pm}0.6{\log}\;CFU/g$로 나타났으며, 부추의 원재료 표준평판수는 $6.83{\pm}0.5{\log}\;CFU/g$, 5분 소독 후는 $5.30{\pm}0.3{\log}\;CFU/g$, 10분 소독 후는 $4.18{\pm}0.5{\log}\;CFU/g$로 라디치오에 비해서는 10분 소독 후에도 높은 수치를 나타냈지만, 소독시간이 경과함에 따라 낮은 미생물의 수치를 보였다. 대장균군, 황색포도상구균, 장내 세균 역시 소독시간이 경과함에 따라, 낮은 미생물수치를 보였다. 따라서, 소독이 까다로운 채소류는 소독시간의 연장이 필요함을 말해준다. 4. Screening을 통해 양념장을 주재료와 섞은 후, 미생물의 수치가 증가하는 결과를 토대로 양념장에 대해 조사한 결과, 연구의 대상이 되었던 외식업체에서 양념류에 대한 소독과정이 전혀 이루어지지 않고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 이에 소독과정을 거친 양념류와 식초를 첨가한 양념장(A)과 관리가 이루어지고 있지 않았던 양념장(B)을 비교분석하였다. 봄동겉절이와 미나리겉절이의 미생물품질결과를 보면, 양념장A는 양념장B에 비해서 1 {\log} 이상의 미생물 수치가 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 소독과정을 거치고 식초를 첨가한 양념장A의 경우, Solberg M (1990)와 영국 PHLS (Gilbert RJ 등 2000)의 기준치이하로 나타났으며, 오염도가 높았던 부재료, 양념류 소독관리의 중요성을 시사하고 있다. 5. 비가열처리 공정은 가열단계가 없고, 후처리 공정은 이후에 가열단계가 없기 때문에 조리종사원의 손에 의한 교차오염 등이 발생하기 쉬우므로 이 시점의 통제 및 관리가 요구된다. 조리도구의 소독 전(B)과 소독 후(A)의 미생물 수치를 비교분석 결과, B군에 비해 A군 즉 소독을 시행한 후로는 조리도구에서 미생물 검출 수치가 모두 감소한 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 B군의 조리도구의 경우는 모두 기준치이상의 높은 수치를 보였지만, A군의 조리도구의 경우는 만족할만한 수준으로 나타났다. 따라서 식품뿐만 아니라 작업환경 위생관리에 만전을 기해야 하며 소독의 수행이 무엇보다 중요한 것으로 나타났다.

피나물 중 boscalid 및 pyraclostrobin의 토양 처리시 잔류특성 및 안전성 평가 (Residue Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Pesticides (Boscalid and Pyraclostrobin) in Hylomecon vernalis)

  • 유지우;송민호;김진찬;이광헌;고락도;금영수;이지호
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제41권2호
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    • pp.95-100
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    • 2022
  • BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to determine characteristics of residues of the soil-treated boscalid and pyraclostrobin within Hylomecon vernalis and to evaluate the risks from intake of the residual pesticides in the crop. METHODS AND RESULTS: The pesticides were treated to soils at two different concentrations, and the plant samples were collected 57 days after seeding. The samples were extracted using the QuEChERS extraction kit (MgSO4 4 g, NaCl 1 g). The quantitative methods for boscalid and pyraclostrobin were validated using linearity, recovery, and CV (coefficient of variation). Risk assessment of the pesticides was performed using Korea national nutrition statistics 2019. CONCLUSION(S): The residual levels of boscalid were 0.02-0.05 mg/kg (for the treatment at 6 Kg/10a) and 0.05-0.08 mg/kg (for the treatment at 12 Kg/10a), respectively. The residual concentrations of pyraclostrobin were below the LOQ. The amounts of pesticides were less than Maximum Residue Limits specified by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The maximum hazard indices of boscalid in chwinamul and amaranth for consumers were 0.0075% and 0.1525%, respectively, and it indicates that the risk of the pesticides from the crop is considered to be low.

Iranian Cancer Patient Perceptions of Prognosis and the Relationship to Hope

  • Seyedrasooli, Alehe;Rahmani, Azad;Howard, Fuchsia;Zamanzadeh, Vahid;Mohammadpoorasl, Asghar;Aliashrafi, Raha;Pakpour, Vahid
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권15호
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    • pp.6205-6210
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    • 2014
  • Background: The aim of this study was to investigate Iranian cancer patient perceptions of their prognosis, factors that influence perceptions of prognosis and the effect this has on patient level of hope. Materials and Methods: Iranian cancer patients (n=200) completed self-report measures of their perceptions of their prognosis and level of hope, in order to assess the relationship between the two and identify factors predictive of perceptions by multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Cancer patients perceived of their prognosis positively (mean 11.4 out of 15), believed their disease to be curable, and reported high levels of hope (mean 40.4 out of 48.0). Multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated that participants who were younger, perceived they had greater family support, and had higher levels of hope reported more positive perceptions of their cancer prognosis. Conclusions: Positive perceptions of prognosis and its positive correlation with hope in Iranian cancer patients highlights the importance of cultural issues in the disclosure of cancer related information.

Benzidine Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Bladder Cancer Cells through Activation of ERK5 Pathway

  • Sun, Xin;Zhang, Tao;Deng, Qifei;Zhou, Qirui;Sun, Xianchao;Li, Enlai;Yu, Dexin;Zhong, Caiyun
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제41권3호
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    • pp.188-197
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    • 2018
  • Benzidine, a known carcinogen, is closely associated with the development of bladder cancer (BC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical pathophysiological process in BC progression. The underlying molecular mechanisms of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, especially extracellular regulated protein kinases 5 (ERK5), in regulating benzidine-induced EMT remains unclarified. Hence, two human bladder cell lines, T24 and EJ, were utilized in our study. Briefly, cell migration was assessed by wound healing assay, and cell invasion was determined by Transwell assay. Quantitative PCR and western blot were utilized to determine both gene expressions as well as protein levels of EMT and MAPK, respectively. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected to further determine ERK5 function. As a result, the migration and invasion abilities were enhanced, epithelial marker expression was decreased while mesenchymal marker expression was increased in human BC cell lines. Meanwhile, benzidine administration led to activation of ERK5 and activator protein 1 (AP-1) proteins, without effective stimulation of the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) or p38 pathways. Moreover, Benzidine-induced EMT and ERK5 activation were completely suppressed by XMD8-92 and siRNAs specific to ERK5. Of note, ERK1/2 was activated in benzidine-treated T24 cells, while benzidine-induced EMT could not be reversed by U0126, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, as indicated by further study. Collectively, our findings revealed that ERK5-mediated EMT was critically involved in benzidine-correlated BC progression, indicating the therapeutic significance of ERK5 in benzidine-related BC.