• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.89-93
• /
• 1985

질소(窒素)와 무기양(無機陽)이온이 다른 작물(作物)보다 풍부한 연초제조부산물(煙草製造副産物)인 담배부스러기를 재료(材料)로 하여 비료물질(肥料物質)을 개발하려고 하였다. 담배부스러기를 무게감소율(減少率)로 50%되게 탄화(炭化)시킨 후 유리된 칼륨으로 인한 염기성을 pH 7.0정도 되게 질산(窒酸)과 인산(燐酸)으로 중화(中和)하면 질소(窒素) 4%{유기태(有機態) 질소(窒素)(담배부스러기에 함유(含有)된 질소) 2%, 질산태실소 2%}, 인산(燐酸) 2%, 칼륨6%이상(以上)인 비료물질(肥料物質)이 되었다. 관행(貫行)의 연초육묘시(煙草育苗時)에 시비(施肥)되는 전체(全體) 질소량(窒素量)을 위의 중화이분탄화물(中和泥粉炭化物)로서 전량기비(全量基肥)로 $1kg/110{\ell}$ 정도를 상토(床土)와 혼합시용하여 육묘(育苗)한 결과 관행(貫行)과 같이 추비(追肥)를 시용(施用)하지 않고도 양호(良好)한 생육(生育)을 보였다. 이러한 효과(效果)는 속효성인 질산태질소와 완효성인 담배가루 구성물질의 유기태질소(有機態窒素)가 탄화물(炭化物)에 함유(含有)되고 또한 다량함유(多量含有)된 칼륨이 영양원(營養源)으로 되기 때문인 것으로 생각되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.49-63
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to obtain the nutritional values and objective data of uncooked powdered food (UPF) in korea. We interviewed 27 healthy female subjects aged over 25 years living in the lksan area. We just replaced common breakfast and dinner of the subjects with UPF. Their dietary intake status was evaluated by 24-hour recall method. Their body compositions were measured using body fat analyzer. Also we conducted hematological and clinical analysis of blood. The intake of energy, lipid and protein has decreased as people started to take UPF, but the intake of vitamins and minerals has increased. The quality of meals has improved after taking UPF. Due to the energy loss by taking UPF, weight and body fat gradually lessened. Among the lost weight the percentage of the body fat was high and we judged that the process of losing weight was successful. It is hard to predict whether weight loss will occur to people who are already in shape or not, but if overweight and obesity people regularly take UPF instead of other food products, we assume that UPF will help lessening body fat. The most positive change among biochemical changes by taking UPF was decreasing of serum lipid contents. The concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol gradually decreased and decreased intently after 12weeks. Serum HDL-cholesterol gradually increased and serum triglyceride showed gradual decrement. When healthy adult women replaced two of three meals with UPF for 3months, we were able to see some useful changes like decrement of body fat and serum lipid control and during this 3month period, no significant nutritional problems occurred. Complete judgement on UPF may be difficult with these conclusions but if people take a nomal meal once and replenish iron from taking UPF twice a day, we assume that replacing UPF with regular meal not be a problem in nutritional status. If other experiments on the effects of UPF proceed, we believe that those experiments will be very helpful in judging the nutritional value of UPF. (Korean J Nutrition 36(1) : 49-63, 2003)

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.587-593
• /
• 1994

A nutrition survey of 152 children , in the kindergarten attached to a proivate elimentary school of Pusan, was undertaken between Dec. 1 and Dec.14, 1993, to investigate dietary intake and nutrition status. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Compared with the Korean child development standard, their development conditions showed 113.1% , 102.2% , 103.3%, 101.75 in weight, height, head and chest, respectively. 2) By the standard of WLI(Weight Length Index) , proper to the children between age 4 and 6 , there proved to be 25% overweight and 4% obesity, 25% overweight and 19% obesity , 28 overweight and 26% obesity in 4-year-old, 5 year-old, and 6 -year-old children, respectively. 3) The children between age 4 and 6 averaged 37.6% in hematocrit and 12.4-12.8 5 in hemoglobin. these values were higher than those of the Korea child development standard. but the numbers of erythocyte, leucocyte and platelets were normal . Only a single child was considered suffering from aenmia . The 8% of them were over 200mg/이 in cholesterol, dangerously approaching the atherosclerosis. The 31% averaged 120mg/이 in triglyceride . And the 6% proved 100mg/이 in blood glucose when hung교. So it came out that not a few children had some factors dangers to diabetes, atherosclerosis and heart diseases : complications arising from obesity. 4) The intake of nutrients , except the 4-year-old children , ranged 108.4% to 2665 from the recommended value. The rates of carbohydrate, fat and protein to be much correlation among total intake of nutrients, development , results of blood test and WLI. The degree of obesity was proportionate to the intake of nutrients.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 2004

Many studies have showen that Letinus edodes have a reducing effects on blood pressure and lipid levels in animals with high blood pressure and hyperlipidemia. But the only cap has been on the market as goods and the stipe has been wasted. The price is very variable and is based on harvest time and the part of the plant currenty, there is not much information about the nutritional composition and bio-fuctional effects of Letinus edodes based on harvest time and part. Some farmers have been selling the powder seasoning by drying and pulverizing Letinus edodes including stipe to develop value added, late harvested Letinus edodes and its stipe these days. This study was conducted to investigate and compare the nutritional composition of Letinus edodes harvested at different times (early: E, late: L) and separated by part (cap: C, stipe: S). The 4 kinds of materials were named as early harvested cap (EC) and stipe (ES), and late harvested cap (LC) and stipe (LS) samples were obtained from Mungyeong City Agricultural Technology & Extension Center. The composition analysis of the nutrients in the 4 materials was conducted by using the AOAC method. The proximate components (moisture, protein, fat, fiber, ash, and carbohydrates), minerals and vitamin content were measured. Nutritional composition of Lentinus edodes did not show any significant difference between early and late harvested mushrooms. Nutritional compositions were different according to part. The results demonstrate that the late harvested stipe can also be used as a quality food material.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.251-258
• /
• 1998

To find out the effect of NPK-fertilization level and utilization method of pasture plants on the productivity of dry matter and nutrient of forages in hilly pasture, this experiment was arranged as a split block design with six treatments of 2 mainplots(N-$P_2O_5$-$K_2O$=210-150-180(wntrol), 280-200-240Kg/ha) and 3 subplots (cutting, grazing cutting+grazing alternative), and conducted at hilly land in Yeoju, Kyonggi Province 6om February, 1992 to October, 1993. In the treatment of grazing the early growth and cover degree of pasture plants wintered were more favorable. With increased NPK-application for two years, the average dry matter(DM) yield of 9,862kglha was incerased by 18% than that of the control, and the average DM yield of the cutting treatment of 10,434kaa was higher than that of others. In all treatments for two years, the average DM yield was composed of 94.0~95.1% grasses, 1.8~2.0% legumes and 2.8~4.2% weeds. The crude protein and energy productivity of forages in the treatment with increased NPK-fertilizer application increased by 20~23% than those of control, and those of cutting treatment were greatly increased than those of the grazing treatment. The average mineral content of forages in all treatments tended to be similar, Ca and Mg content and Ca/P ratio were slightly lower, and K content and K/(Ca+Mg) equivalent ratio of forages tended to be higher than the most desirable value of forages.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.157-166
• /
• 1997

This study was carried out with aim to find out a tall fescue cultivar which is palatable and resistant to hot climate, and a white clover cultivar which is less competitive with other grasses. Pastures with 3 treatments (TI: Fawn, tall fescue + Regal, white clover + orchardgrass + perennial ryegrass, T2: Roa, tall fescue + Regal, white clover + orchardgrass + perennial ryegrass, T3 : Roa, tall fescue + Tahora, white clover + orchardgrass + perennial ryegrass) were established by oversowing. Under continuous grazing, dry matter yield, soil characteristics, botanical composition and nutrient contents of forages were investigated during the grazing seasons 60m 1994 to 1996. No significant difference were found in establishment percents, physical and chemical characteristics of soil, and nutrient contents of forages between 3 treatments(P>0.05). Dry matter yield of TI, T2 and T3 were 24,188, 23,827 and 23,578kg/ha, respectively. Fawn and Roa, tall fescue cultivars occupied 6.1 and 4.8% of the total plants in 1994, 14.4 and 11.5 % in 1995, and 28.4% and 17.7% in 1996, respectively. These results indicate that Fawn, tall fescue dominantly occupied with time more than Roa, tall fescue. There were no differences in percentage of Regal and Tahora, white clover cultivars(P > 0.05), showing 4.2 and 2.4% in 1994, 16.1 and 17.3% in 1995, and 2.4 and 1.0% in 1996, respectively. The percentage of orchardgrass on mixed pasture decreased after summer season of high temperature, but percentage of Roa, tall fescue slowly increased with time firom 1994 to 1996.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제23권7호
• /
• pp.889-900
• /
• 2010

Spices can be used as novel supplements to enhance the utilization of low quality forages (LQF) and reduce nutrient wastage by ruminant animals. However, it is essential to characterize these spices alongside LQF before testing their potential use as supplements in ruminant diets. This study characterized four spices (cinnamon, cumin, clove and turmeric) alongside three forages (rice straw, wheat straw and hay) for their chemical components before evaluating their effect at four different doses (0, 10, 30 and 90 mg/g forage DM) on the in vitro rumen degradability of dry matter (DM) (IVD) and organic matter (OM) (IVOMD) of these forages at various incubation times. It appeared that some spices could provide complementary nutrients which could improve the utilization of LQF where hay had better chemical composition than the other two forages. Cumin contained more crude protein (CP), ether extract and mineral contents whereas turmeric contained more soluble sugars than the other spices. Cinnamon was least acceptable as a ruminant supplement due to its higher condensed tannin and saponin and lower CP and mineral contents. The IVD and IVOMD were highest for hay and lowest for wheat straw with all spices at all incubation times (p<0.001). Due to relatively better nutrient profiles, cumin and turmeric had greater effect on IVD and IVOMD of the forages. In contrast, cinnamon had negative effects on IVD and IVOMD. IVD and IVOMD were greater at 10 mg/g than at other levels of most spices suggesting that using certain amounts of spices can increase forage degradability. However, the choice of a spice will depend upon the forage type being offered to ruminants. Further studies will examine the effect of these spices on fermentation profile, methane production and nitrogenous loss by ruminants.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제29권10호
• /
• pp.1132-1141
• /
• 1996

To provide approprate nutrition informatios and guidelines for the healthy school lunch program(SLP) menus, the nutritional quality of the SLP and the nutrients that affect the food cost of SLP were evaluated after analysis of recipes and food price lists of 776 menus collected from 10 elementary SLP schools in Seoul and Kyunggi province in Korea in the year of 1995. Index of nutritional quality of SLP menus were good enough, showing over 1.0 in all nutrients except vitamin A(0.86) in kyunggi province. The percent of calories from carbohydrates, protein and fat was 52%, 16% and 32%, while the polyunsaturated fatty acid/monousaturate fatty acid/saturated fatty acid(P/M/S) ratio was 1.0/0.95/1.15. On the other hand, the nutrient-cost evaluation showed that the most expersive nutrient for the RDA(Recommended Dietary Allowance) standard of SLP was origined from the cost of energy and vitamin A. In Pertary correlation analyses, the cost of SLP meals was positively asociated with energy(r=0.244, p<0.001), protein(r=0.306, p<0.001) and carbohydrate(r=0.159, p<0.001) in diet, while the most important predictor of the cost of SLP meal provides sufficient nutrients with enough calories, but fat level is somewhat higher than the suggested value from Dietary Guidelines for Koreans. These data also suggest that meals which could offer enough vitamin A might be included in SLP menus and the cost of a SLP meal can be reduced when choosing the cheap protein source food.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제37권10호
• /
• pp.899-907
• /
• 2004

This study was performed to investigate dietary habits and nutritional intake according to body mass index (BMI) of female college students. The subjects were 1361 students with a mean age of 20.4 years residing in Seoul and Kyonggui area. BMI (kg/) between $\geq$ 18.5 to $\leq$ 23 was considered as nonnal, < 18.5 as underweight and > 23 as overweight. The subjects had a mean BMI of 20.0 kg/$m^2$ and 25% of them were classified as underweight group, 67% as normal group and 8% as overweight group. Dietary intake was assessed by food frequency method and consumption of foods and nutrients was analyzed. Frequency of meal skipping was higher in the overweight group, 16.1 % of the overweight group skipped dinner. Also, the frequency of snack intake was lowest in the overweight group. The overweight group consumed less meat and fish than the normal and underweight groups. The total number of foods consumed in a day was also significantly lower than that of the underweight and normal group. The overweight group consumed less energy, protein, fat, phosphorus and niacin than the underweight and normal groups. The overweight group took iron and sodium intake lower than the normal group. Mean intakes of nutrients except clacium and iron in all three groups were over Korea RDA. The NAR (nutrient adequacy ratio) value of all nutrients, except calcium, was lower in the overweight group when compared to the normal and underweight groups, and the MAR (mean adequacy ratio) of the overweight group was 0.89, which was lower than 0.92 of the underweight and 0.93 of the normal group. The above results indicated that the deficiency of major nutrients such as calcium and iron could be inducde by less kinds of consumed foods and frequent meal skipping including dinner in the overweighted group. Therefore, balanced nutrient intake is required to maintain skeletal health and prevent anemia in overweighted female college students aged twenties.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.408-415
• /
• 2006

Serpentines soil have high values of magnesium and low values of calcium, and are usually deficient in N and P, but rich in iron, Ni, silicates. We investigated serpentine soil properties and measured the content of nutrient elements and heavy metals in shoots and root of plant species which were in common at serpentine and non-serpentine areas in Andong, Korea. The soils showed higher pH value above 6.9. The contents of Ni, Cr, Fe and Mg of serpentine soils exhibited 77, 27, 5.5 and 12.5 times more than in non-serpentine soils, respectively. The content of Na was almost same but K was two times higher in non-serpentine soil, compared with serpentine soil. The contents of nutrient element such as K, Ca, Na and P in serpentine plants did not show conspicuous differences with non-serpentine plants. On the other hand, the concentrations of Ni, Cr, Fe, Mg and Mg/Ca were very high in plant on serpentine area. The all plant species collected at the serpentine site were bodenvag plants, which are not restricted to a specific type of substrate. By the plant species and parts of plant tissues, the absorption levels and patterns showed high variation and were species-specific. Carex lanceolata, Lysimachia clethroides and Cynanchum paniculatum contained much chromium and Eupatorium chinense and C. paniculatum exhibited high contents of Ni. In leaf tissue, C. lanceolata, Rubus parvifolius, Festuca ovina, Quercus serrata, and L. clethroides took comparatively large amount of Cr in serpentine area. E. chinense contained large amount of Ni, Cr and Fe in a leaf tissue. The stem of Galium verum, Juniperus rigida included high amount of Cr, Ni and Fe. And C. paniculatum absorbed large amount of Ni and Cr in the stem.