• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2017

본 연구는 반추동물 사료로서 한국에서 생산된 부존사료자원 15종의 화학적 조성, 소화율 그리고 에너지 가를 평가하기 위하여 실시하였다. 반추위 그리고 십이지장 캐뉼라가 장착된 거세한우 3두(평균체중 $520{\pm}20.20kg$)를 개별 계류식우사에 공시한 후 14일의 순치기간과 3일간의 시험기간을 두었다. 실험 방법으로는 화학조성 분석법, in situ 나일론백과 모바일백 방법을 이용하였다. 사료 내 화학적 조성을 분석한 결과, 엿밥, 깻묵, 장유박 및 두유박의 조단백질 함량은 30% 이상이었다. In situ 나일론백을 이용한 사료의 분해 특성을 분석한 결과, 비트펄프, 맥주박, 커피박, 엿밥, 수수겨, 임자박, 라면박 및 두유박의 반추위 미분해 단백질 함량은 50% 이상이었다. In situ 모바일백을 이용한 사료 내 가소화 영양소총량(TDN)의 분석은 비트펄프, 맥주박, 막걸리박, 수수겨, 깻묵, 라면박, 미강, 장유박, 비지, 두유박 및 밀기울이 50% 이상인 것으로 관찰되었다. 요약하자면, 상기 부존사료자원은 배합사료 또는 조사료를 대체할 수 있는 훌륭한 사료자원으로서의 높은 잠재적 가치를 가지고 있음을 시사하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서 얻은 부존사료자원의 화학적 조성, 소화율 및 에너지 가를 반추동물 섬유질배합사료 제조를 위한 기초 자료로 활용하고 이를 통해 사료효율 향상, 사료비용 절감 및 환경오염 감소에 기여하고자 한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1599-1605
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• 2002

In this study, three different experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of apple pomace produced in southern areas of the Republic of Korea (South Korea). The effects of combining apple pomace in different ratios with commercial concentrates and rice straw in the diets of Korean native goats (Capra hircus) were examined. In experiment I, in situ DM and CP disappearances from nylon bags incubated in the rumen of goats showed that greater amounts of DM and CP were released from apple pomace than those from concentrates at the later stages of incubation, but only after 48 h for DM and CP, respectively. This was reflected in the higher 'b' value of the slowly degradable fraction of the apple pomace compared to the concentrates. Prior to these times the trend was reversed. In experiment II, Korean native goats were fed a diet containing apple pomace with either rice straw or rice straw and concentrates, and the in vivo nutrient digestibilities compared to animals receiving an alfalfa hay. DM digestibility in the animals given apple pomace plus concentrates with rice straw (66.86%) were similar to the goats given alfalfa hay only (69.09%) but significantly greater than for a diet of rice straw plus concentrates. In experiment III, an in vivo study was conducted to investigate the inclusion of 30 to 60% apple pomace pre-mixed with rice straw, rice bran and concentrates on the nutritional value for Korean native goats. Apple pomace mixed diets had higher DM intakes, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention than diets without apple pomace, which may have been due to the higher non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and less ADF and NDF than those in other treatments. Replacement of concentrates with apple pomace in rice straw based diets of Korean native goats fed either separately (experiment II) or by pre-mixing (experiment III) gave satisfactory feed intake, digestibility, pH of ruminal fluid and production of $NH_3$-N and VFA in the rumen of goats. The results of this study infer that apple pomace can be included at levels of up to 60% in the diets of goats without dramatic effect on the animal.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.3-3
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• 2017

The question of how to establish sustainable agricultural systems has become as prominent as questions related to water, energy and climate change. High input/high output agriculture has brought with it many adverse effects; the massive deterioration of soil and water in both quantity and quality, increased greenhouse gas emissions and an increased prevalence of unsafe foods. Additionally, urbanization and climate change has worsened the shortage of farmland and reduced the supply of agricultural water. Given these challenges, maintaining, conserving and efficiently using agri-environmental resources, through fostering of sustainable agriculture, have emerged as key tasks in solving these problems. What is needed therefore is research, based on systematic and comprehensive empirical analyses, that can propose plans and methods for establishing an appropriate sustainable agricultural system. The empirical analysis of sustainable agricultural system is approached separately from economic, environmental and social aspects. An analysis of environment effect reveals that the available phosphate level is 1.3~2.1 times greater than the optimal amount in rice paddies, upland fields and orchards. Further examination has revealed that the excess nutrient is polluting both ground water and surface water. Analytical results for economic feasibility show that factors of production have been invested heavily in the rice crop. Under these conditions, sustainable agriculture, including low-input agriculture, appears to be a possible alternative that will facilitate simultaneous improvements in both economic feasibility and environment effects. Analysis results for sociality reveal that social factors include the value of producer, association and interior networks. Social conditions are comprised of leadership, consumers' awareness, education and conflict solutions. In addition, analysis as to the degree investments contribute to improving agricultural value added has revealed that the direct payment program is the most effective instrument. Experts confirm that economic feasibility can be improved by scientific and well-reasoned nutrient management on the basis of soil testing. Farmers pointed to 'economic factors' as being the largest obstacle to switching to the practice of sustainable agriculture. They also indicate 'uncertainty with regards to sustainable agriculture technology' as an impediment to practicing sustainable agriculture. Even so, farmers who believe environmental and regional issues to be the most pressing problems have expanded their practice of sustainable agriculture. The keys to establishing sustainable agriculture system are classified into the following four aspects. Firstly, from an economic aspect, the research indicates that agricultural policy needs to be integrated with environmental policy and that the function of market making based on the value chain needs to be revitalized. Secondly, from an environmental aspect, there is a need for an optimal resource management system to be established in the agricultural sector. In addition, sustainable agriculture practice will need to be extended with attendant environmentally-friendly and sustainable intensive technology also requiring further development. Thirdly, from a social aspect, green agriculture management needs to be fostered, technology and education extended, and social conflict mediated. Lastly, from a governance aspect, it will be necessary to strengthen good governance, assign and share suitable roles and responsibilities, build a cooperation system and utilize community supported agriculture.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.813-827
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 신규 개간 유기농경지에서 가축분 퇴비와 녹비작물을 3년간 연속으로 시용하였을 때 유기물 처리에 따른 밭 토양내의 이화학성과 물리성 변화를 관찰하고자 수행하였다. 가축분 퇴비와 녹비작물을 연속으로 3년간 처리한 시험구는 무처리구, 화학비료 처리구와 비교하여 유기물 함량, 유효인산, 치환성 양이온 등 대부분의 무기성분 농도가 증가하였으며, 밭 토양 최적범위에 근접하는 결과를 나타내었다. 하지만, 유기물 함량 증가의 경우, 보다 정확한 결과를 도출하기 위해서는 중 장기적으로 유기물 함량의 변화에 주목하여 조사할 필요가 있다고 생각되며, 치환성 양이온의 경우에는 그 농도가 지속적으로 증가하여 약 2년 이내에 밭 토양 화학성분의 최적범위에 적합한 수치에 도달하였으나 이를 3년간 연작할 경우 오히려 과잉 공급의 우려가 될 것으로 판단된다. 가축분 퇴비와 녹비작물의 연용은 토양내의 용적밀도 감소와 공극율 증가 등의 물리성 개선에도 다소 효과를 보였다. 따라서, 가축분 퇴비와 녹비작물을 함께 활용하여 연용하게 된다면 비옥도가 낮은 척박한 신규 개간 유기농경지에서 토양의 양분을 확보하고 빠른 시일 내에 토양의 비옥도를 개선하는 조기숙전화 기술 개발에 긍정적인 효과를 가져 올 것으로 판단되며, 본 연구결과는 신규 개간 유기농 밭에서 가축분 퇴비와 녹비작물을 반복적으로 시용함에 따른 시기별 토양내의 양분성분 변화를 제시하는 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.833-843
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of hygiene education on the microbiological changes of processing utensils and the environmental in the manufacture of cereals and to evaluate the Cd, Pb contents and nutrient compositions of 11 cereals. The result of microbiological evaluation was that fungi, coliforms and staphylococcus species were detected in employees, on equipment, utensils and environments in the first inspection. Fungi were detected in most of the cereals, staphylococcus species were detected in soybeans, perilla seeds and sea tangle How, and bacillus cereus was detected in sorghum and black sesame seeds. The water content of rice, barley, glutinous rice, brown rice and carrot flour in packaged products, and in carrot flour, angelica keiskei, carrot, sea mustard and potato in bulk products was in excess of 8.0%. The Pb content of cereals was 0.14-0.51 mg/kg and Cd was not found. The acid value of Job s tears flour and black sesame seed flour was higher than 5.0 mg/g oil. Cereals were manufactured from 41 different cereals and grains, legumes, seeds and nuts, vegetables, potatoes, seaweeds, fruits, glucose and salt. The average content of cereals and grains, legumes, and seeds and nuts in cereals was 75.75%, 16.19% and 4.93%, respectively. The mean nutrient content per 100 g of cereals was calories 365.8kcal, protein 13.3 g, fats 5.9 g, carbohydrates 63.4 g, Ca 91.8 mg, p 269.9 mg, Fe 3.15 mg, Na 76.2 g, K 421.8 mg, Zn 2.33 mg, Vit. A 12.5 R.E., Vit. B$_1$0.23 mg, Vit. $B_2$ 0.16 mg, Vit. $B_6$ 0.46 mg, Niacin 3.5 mg, Vit. C 1.36 mg, folic acid 62.3 $\mu$g and Vit. E 1.24 mg. When nutrients value of 48 g of cereals and 200 $m\ell$l of milk was compared to 1/3 of the RDA, the values were below than 60% of 1/3 of the RDA except Na, K, Vitamin $B_1$ and C contents. The average carbohydrate : protein : fat ratio of energy intake was 54.27 : 17.45 : 28.28, respectively. Therefore, a training program consisting of the education of the staff in surveillance and standard operating procedures, the elimination of dangerous procedures, sanitation checklist, the implementation of Preparation methods and standard recipes for cereals is required.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.19.1-19.7
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• 2016

Background: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.]) is a legume cultivated throughout most tropical countries and is valued as food and feed for human and livestock respectively. The search for an improved cowpea variety has been on-going with the aim of improving traits such as grain yield, drought and pest resistance. But no information exist on the feeding value of these improved varieties. Phosphate (P) fertilizer application is recommended to augment grain yield in grain legumes but data on the effect of P fertilizer on haulm quality is limited. Results: Two separate experiments were conducted to determine the effect of P fertilizer dose on the nutritive value of haulms from different cowpea varieties (V). In experiment 1, effect of three P doses (30, 60 and 90 kg $P_2O_5/ha$) on in vitro gas production (IVGP) characteristics, concentrations of digestible organic matter (DOM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of haulms from five cowpea varieties (Zaayura-SARC 4-75, Songotra-IT97K-499-35, Hewale-IT93K-192-4, IT99K 573-1-1 and Asomdwe-IT94K-410-2) were investigated using the $3(P){\times}5(V)$ factorial treatment arrangements in a completely randomized design. In experiment 2, the effects of two P doses (30 and 90 kg $P_2O_5/ha$) and two varieties (Zaayura-SARC 4-75 and Hewale-IT93K-192-4) on the voluntary feed intake, live weight, haematology and carcass characteristics of Djallonke lambs were also assessed using a $2(P){\times}2(V)$ factorial treatment arrangement. The $V{\times}P$ interaction significantly affected CP, NDF and ADF with CP concentration increasing with increase in P doses in Zaayura-SARC 4-75 and Asomdwe-IT94K-410-2. Whilst an increase (P < 0.05) in NDF was observed in Songotra-IT97K-499-35and Asomdwe-IT94K-410-2 as P doses increased, the other V only increased from P dose 30 to 60 kg/ha and declined at P dose 90 kg/ha. The ADF decreased (P < 0.05) with increase in P dose for all V with the exception of Songotra-IT97K-499-35. There was a significant V effect on DOM with the highest reported in Zaayura-SARC 4-75 (43.44 %). Daily DM intake, carcass length and blood urea nitrogen of the lambs were significantly affected by the V x P interaction. There was a significant V effect on globulin and P effect on live weight at slaughter, dressed weight, chuck, leg, loin, rib and flank and liver and lungs. Conclusion: It can be concluded that nutrient concentrations of cowpea haulms were positively influenced by different P dose and varieties with favorable effects on growth, haematology and carcass composition of lambs. Varieties Zaayura-SARC 4-75 and Hewale-IT93K-192-4 at P dose at 90 kg/ha are recommended to enhance growth performance and carcass yield of Djallonke lambs.

• 환경생물
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.620-625
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• 2018

김은 한국에서 가장 경제성이 높은 양식 해조류이다. 그러나 최근 김 양식장에서 발생하는 황백화 현상으로 인해 엽체의 변색과 탈락이 자주 유발되어 수산업에 큰 피해를 유발하고 있다. 이 연구는 영양염 부족에 의한 김 황백화를 간단하고 빠르게 평가할 수 있는 방법을 개발하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 10일 동안 빈영양 해수에서 배양한 방사무늬김 엽체의 색도를 정량화하기 위해 색차계를 사용하였다. 색차계로 측정한 명도(L), 적색강도(a)와 노란색강도(b) 값들로 방사무늬김의 황백화를 평가하였다. 방사무늬김 엽체의 액포는 4일차부터 관측되었으며, 6일차부터 액포가 증대하였다. 색차계의 L, a와 b값은 배양시간에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 명도(L)는 시간의 경과에 따라 어두움에서 점차 밝아졌다. 노란색강도 (b) 값은 시간에 따라 증가하였으나, 적색강도(a) 값은 감소하였다. 색차계의 a/b 비와 적색강도(a) 값은 방사무늬김의 색도 차이를 구분하는 주요한 요인이었다. 황백화된 방사무늬김은 명도 (L) 70 이상, 적색강도(a) 2.6 이하와 노란색강도(b) 15.0 이상의 정량적인 값으로 구분되었다. 이 연구결과 색차계는 김 황백화의 정도를 손쉽고 빠르게 진단할 수 있는 유용한 도구로 이용할 수 있음을 밝혔다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2021

본 시험은 중부지역 논에서 동계 사료작물인 이탈리안 라이그라스와 하계 사료작물을 연계하여 연간 생산성 및 사료가치를 비교하기 위하여 수행하였다. 동계 사료작물인 이탈리안 라이그라스는 코윈어리 품종을 사용하였고, 하계 사료작물로 사료용 벼(영우)와 사료용 피(제주)를 이용하였다. 각각의 작물은 표준재배법을 이용하여 재배하였다. 이탈리안 라이그라스의 평균 초장은 90.6 cm, DM 수량은 7,681 kg/ha, CP 함량은 9.2%, TDN 함량은 63.8%였고, 하계 사료작물에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 하계 사료작물의 초장은 사료용 피가 사료용 벼 보다 높았고, 유의성이 인정되었다. 하계 사료작물의 DM, CP 그리고 TDN 수량은 사료용 벼가 사료용 피 보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 하계 사료작물의 사료가치 또한 사료용 벼가 사료용 피보다 높게 평가되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 중부지역 논에서 사료작물 이모작 재배 시 동계 사료작물인 이탈리안 라이그라스와 연계한 하계 사료작물로써 수량성과 사료가치가 높았던 사료용 벼가 활용성이 높을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 노동력 절감 및 안전성 재배 측면에서 볼 때 사료용 피도 활용 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1427-1432
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• 2015

The experiment was conducted to determine nutritive values of caramba (Lolium multiflorum cv. caramba) fresh, silage and hay by in vivo and in vitro methods. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.01) in crude protein content value between fresh caramba (12.83%) and silage (8.91%) and hay (6.35%). According to results of experiment, the crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin contents of the three forms of caramba varied between 30.22% to 35.06%, 57.41% to 63.70%, 35.32% to 43.29%, and 5.55% to 8.86% respectively. There were no significant differences between the three forms of caramba in digestibility of nutrients and in vivo metabolizable energy (ME) values (p>0.05). However, the highest $ME_{CN}$ (ME was estimated using crude nutrients) and $ME_{ADF}$ values were found in fresh caramba (p<0.01). As a result, it could be said that, there were no differences between the three forms of caramba in nutrient composition, digestibility and ME value, besides drying and ensiling did not affect digestibility of hay. Consequently, caramba either as fresh, silage or hay is a good alternative source of forage for ruminants.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2000

Triticale을 사료로서의 특성을 알기 위하여 밀(북견 66호, 월한1호, 치오쿠코무기), 호밀(Amilo, W Warko, Mardar), triticale(Moniko, Presto, Tewo)을 출수기, 유숙기, 호숙기, 황숙기에 수확하여, 건물 수량, 사료성분 및 IVDMD을 조사했다. 1. 재료의 건물수량은 어느 초종도 생육에 따라 증가했고, triticale은 다른 2종의 초종보다 수량성이 우수했다. 2. triticale의 사료성분은 대부분 멸과 호밀의 중간에 위치했다. 3. triticale과 호멸의 IVDMD는 출수기부터 호숙기까지 저하하고, 성숙기에 향상한 것에 반해 밀은 생육에 따라 저하했다. triticale의 IVDMD는 출수기와 성숙기에서 가장 높았고, 유숙기와 호숙기에서는 밀이 높았고, 호밀은 출수기를 제외한 모든 시기에서 최저였다.