• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.1003-1007
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary SAA (sulfur-containing amino acids) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) content, and to determine the optimal SAA:lysine ratio for growing barrows and gilts. A total of 150 pigs (75 barrows and 75 gilts, Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) were assigned to 6 treatments with 5 replicates of 5 pigs per pen. All pigs were fed diets containing either 1.12 (for barrows) or 1.33% (for gilts) dietary lysine with increasing SAA levels (50, 55 and 60% of dietary lysine) in a $2{\times}3$ factorial design. Throughout the whole experimental period (15 to 54 kg body weight), there was no interaction between sexes and SAA:lysine ratios on ADG, ADFI and FCR. However, increasing the SAA:lysine ratio from 50 to 60% in a diet showed a trend to increase ADG and ADFI of barrows. None of differences in nutrient digestibilities except for calcium and phosphorus were observed and gilts showed higher digestibility of calcium and phosphorus (p<0.05). Among dietary SAA:lysine ratios, there were no differences in apparent nutrient digestibility. Mean values of the essential amino acids (EAA), non-essential amino acids (NEAA) and total amino acids (TAA) digestibilities were higher in gilts than barrows (p<0.01). However, no differences in mean value of EAA, NEAA and TAA digestibilities were observed among dietary SAA:lysine ratios. Between sexes and among SAA:lysine ratios, no significant difference in BUN concentration was observed. This study demonstrated that the optimal inclusion ratio of SAA:lysine was 55% and below 50% in barrows and gilts, respectively.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.250-258
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• 2001

Five representative local foods of Cheollabuk-do Province such as chuotang, ochuk, baekhapchuk, dasulgitang and minmulgokimaeuntang were subjected to recipe standardization and nutrient analysis. To derive a standard recipe, first a test recipe was prepared with the consideration of information obtained from literature survey, personal interview and survey of restaurant recipe. This test recipe was modified three times after sensory evaluation. Then the modified test recipe was accepted as the standard recipe when all characteristics of food was assessed over 5 points and the percentage of judges who gave a score over five exceeded 70% in seven-point hedonic scale. Actually, all characteristics of each food were judged as "satisfactory". Nutrient analysis was performed in food cooked according to the decided standard recipe. In general, it appeared that energy content was rather low. However protein contents in chuotang, ochuk and minmulgokimaeuntang were higher than the recommended value per meal. Vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B, niacin, calcium, phosphorus and iron were rich in chwotang and minmulgokimaeuntag. Onhuk contains plenty of vitamin C, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B$_2$and the contents of vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, and niacin in baekhapapchuk were over the recommended values per meal. The foods contained large percentage of aspartic acid and glutamic acid, and major essential amino acids appeared to be leucine and lysine. On the other hand, major fatty acids were oleic acid, linoleic acid and plamitic acid. Among them the content of oleic acid was the highest in chuotang, ochuk and baekhapchuk, whereas linoleic acid and palmitic acid were the most rich fatty acids in baekhapchuk and dasulgitang respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.981-986
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• 2013

The nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and in vivo metabolizable energy supply of Mucuna pruriens whole pods fed to growing Pelibuey lambs was investigated. Eight Pelibuey sheep housed in metabolic crates were fed increasing levels of Mucuna pruriens pods: 0 (control), 100 (Mucuna100), 200 (Mucuna200) and 300 (Mucuna300) g/kg dry matter. A quadratic (p<0.002) effect was observed for dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (aNDF), nitrogen (N) and gross energy (GE) intakes with higher intakes in the Mucuna100 and Mucuna200 treatments. Increasing M. pruriens in the diets had no effect (p>0.05) on DM and GE apparent digestibility (p<0.05). A linear reduction in N digestibility and N retention was observed with increasing mucuna pod level. This effect was accompanied by a quadratic effect (p<0.05) on fecal-N and N-balance which were higher in the Mucuna100 and Mucuna200 treatments. Urine-N excretion, GE retention and dietary estimated nutrient supply (metabolizable protein and metabolizable energy) were not affected (p>0.05). DM, N and GE apparent digestibility coefficient of M. pruriens whole pods obtained through multiple regression equations were 0.692, 0.457, 0.654 respectively. In vivo DE and ME content of mucuna whole pod were estimated in 11.0 and 9.7 MJ/kg DM. It was concluded that whole pods from M. pruriens did not affect nutrient utilization when included in an mixed diet up to 200 g/kg DM. This is the first in vivo estimation of mucuna whole pod ME value for ruminants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.1144-1148
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• 2001

The implications of incorporating deoiled rice bran (DORB) in diet on the utilization of certain nutrients had been examined through balance studies made with 6- and 10- week-old Japanese quails. The stuffs evaluated in this study had their origin from two different types of processes- a batch extraction (DORB-B) and another continuous process (DORB-C), and each included at 10, 20 or 30% level in an iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diet. On chemical analyses, the DORB-B was found to contain crude protein, 19.0; ether extract, 0.79; total ash, 17.05; Ca, 0.11; P, 1.92; glucose, 2.35 and starch 11.22 g/100 g day matter. Corresponding values for DORB-C were 15.02, 1.56, 13.0, 0.40, 2.76, 2.16 and 19.0, respectively. The data on nutrient balances with quails fed diets containing the two-types of DORB suggested no significant (p>0.05) differences in per cent retention of diet dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), gross energy (GE), nitrogen (N), crude fiber (CF), calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) content attributable to the extraction process. The age of the birds also appeared to have no significant (p>0.05) effect on nutrient utilization by them. However, the level of inclusion of DORB had a significant (p<0.05) effect on nutrient utilization by quails in that the retention of dietary N, EE, CF, Ca and P was better at lower than at higher levels. It is concluded that the DORB, irrespective of extraction process, can safely be employed upto 20% level in diet of adult Japanese quails without noticeable interference in utilizing the major dietary nutrients.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between nutrient intakes and bone mineral density in female university students. A total 27 female university students were measured the anthropometric characteristics, dietary intake and the bone mineral density of carpus using DEXA. The average age, height, weight, % body fat, WHR, and BMI of the subjects were 22.7 years, 161.5 cm, 57.0 kg, 29.9%, 0.8, 21.8 kg/$m^2$, respectively. Bone mineral density of ultradis and distal carpus as T-value were -1.5 and -0.4, respectively. The daily energy intake of the subjects was 1589.0kcal. And the intakes of energy, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin $B_2$, and folic acid did not meet the Korean RDAs. The daily total food intake of the subjects was 1011.0g and food intake from cereals and vegetables was high. The major food groups of mineral intake were vegetables/cereals/milks/fishes for calcium, cereals/meat/vegetables/fishes for phosphorus, cereals/vegetables/meats for iron, seasonings/vegetables/cereals for sodium, vegetables/cereals/seasonings for potassium, and cereals/meats for zinc. The body weight and body mass index were significantly positive correlated to the bone mineral density of average carpus, respectively. The intakes of animal calcium and vitamin $B_2$ were significantly negative correlated to the bone mineral density of average carpus, respectively. In conclusion, bone mineral density in carpus and nutrient intakes of some female university students were low. Therefore, health management and the study on relation between bone mineral density in various site and long-term intakes of nutrients in many subjects are required.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권9호
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• pp.34.1-34.9
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• 2016

Background: By-products of pickled radish (BPR) are considered food waste. Approximately 300 g/kg of the total mass of raw materials becomes BPR. Production of pickled radish has grown continuously and is presently about 40,000 metric tons annually in Korea. The objective of the present study was thus to explore the possibility of using BPR as a ruminant feed ingredient. Results: BPR contained a large amount of moisture (more than 800 g/kg) and ash, and comprised mostly sodium (103 g/kg DM) and chloride (142 g/kg DM). On a dry matter basis, the crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) levels in BPR were 75 g/kg and 7 g/kg, respectively. The total digestible nutrient (TDN) level was 527 g/kg and the major portion of digestible nutrients was carbohydrate; 88 % organic matter (OM) was carbohydrate and 65 % of total carbohydrate was soluble or degradable fiber. The coefficient of variation (CV) of nutrient contents among production batches ranged from 4.65 to 33.83 %. The smallest CV was observed in OM, and the largest, in EE. The variation in CP content was relatively small (10.11 %). The storage stability test revealed that storage of BPR at $20^{\circ}C$ (room temperature) might not cause spoilage for 4 d, and possibly longer. If BPR is refrigerated, spoilage can be deferred for 21 d and longer. The in vitro ruminal fermentation study showed that substitution of annual ryegrass straw with BPR improved ruminal fermentation, as evidenced by an increase in VFA concentration, DM degradability, and total gas production. Conclusion: The major portion of nutrients in BPR is soluble or degradable fiber that can be easily fermented in the rumen without adverse effects, to provide energy to ruminant animals. Although its high sodium chloride content needs to be considered when formulating a ration, BPR can be successfully used as a feed ingredient in a ruminant diet, particularly if it is one component of a total mixed ration.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to estimate the nutrient intake, dietary habits, and body indices among preschool children. The study subjects were 166 kindergarten children, aged 4 to 6 years. A measurement of the weight, height, chest circumference, and head circumference of the children was conducted. The general home environment and factors related to the eating habits of children were collected using a questionnaire that included information about physical activity, outdoor playing time, television watching, family income, and parents education and occupations. Underweight, overweight were defined based on a value of less than 110 and more than 140 on the Rohrer Index, or less than 90 and more than 120 on the weight-length index (WLI). The average Rohrer and WLI for the preschool children were 14.3 $\pm$ 23.2% and 104 $\pm$ 13.5%. Using the WLI, 12.7% of the preschool children were underweight 62.6% were normal, and 24.7% were overweight or obese. On the Rohrer Index, 32.0% of the preschool children were underweight, 34.7% were normal, and 34.1% were overweight or obese. With regard to frequency of regularity of eating breakfast, 2.5% of preschool children skipped breakfast every morning. The risk of being overweight increased in preschool children who had faster eating times. The Rohrer and WLI were negatively related to faster eating times. The average daily energy intake was 1272 Kcal, which corresponded to 79.5% of the Korean RDA. In particular, the average intakes of calcium, iron, and vitamin B$_2$ were much lower than the Korean RDAs for each of those nutrients. Children whose mothers had occupations were at greater risk of decreased nutrient intake than those whose mothers were at home. The data presented in this study confirm that, in preschool children, undernutrition remains the nutritional problem of great concern in Korea, even though Koreans are starting to have worrisome rates of overweight. Therefore, during the early years of life, focus should remain on sustaining Proper growth and development.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.248-262
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• 1990

General purpose of the study was to understend nutritional status of the Korean farmers and thus provide rural nutrition intervention programs with more useful in formation and data. The data for the study was collected two times from the 603 sample farm households in 1982 and 1987. The main results of the study were as follows ; 1) Food intake of the Korean farmers was highly dependent upon vegetable foods especially on cereals and gains. However the unbalanced food intake pattern was gradually improved as consumption of vegetable foods was decreased from 992.8 grams per person per day in 1982 to 946.4g in 1987 and that of animal foods increased from 54.2g to 91.4g . 2) In mean value analysis on nutrient intake of the farmeres intakes of energy and protein were nearly reached to Recommended Dietary Allowances(RDA) level; intakes of calcium vitamin A and riboflavin were quite deficient whereas iron thiamin niacin and ascorbic acid were well over. From 1982 to 1987 intakes of all nutrients except energy were increased. 3) In distribution analysis on nutrient intake coefficient of variation(CV) of all nutrients except iron was increased. skewness(SK) the coefficients of calcium iron vitamin A riboflavin and ascorbic acid were decreased Kurtosis (Ku) of iron and vitamin A was increased. On the whole distributions of nutrient intake of the farmers were changed in undesirable ways although the mean values of the nutrient intake were improved 4) In relationship analysis among 115 relationships 76 relationships were consistent between 1982 and 1987. Of 76 consistent relationships only 10 relationship were significant at 5% level such as the protein intake level and the balance of food intake calcium intake level and the age etc.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.87-97
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• 2019

Phytate induced excessive mineral excretion through poultry litter leads to poor performance and environmental pollution. Exogenous microbial phytase supplementation to poultry diets reduce the environmental excretion of nutrient and improve bird's performance. However, excessive dietary sodium (Na) level may hinder the phytase-mediated phytate hydrolysis and negate the beneficial effects of phytase. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentration dietary Na on phytase activity and subsequent impact on broiler performance, bone mineralisation and nutrient utilisation. In this study, six experimental diets, consisting of three different levels of Na (1.5, 2.5, or 3.5 g/kg) and two levels of microbial phytase (0 or 500 U/kg) were formulated by using $3{\times}2$ factorial design. The six experimental diets were offered to 360 day-old Ross 306 male chicks for 35 days, where, each experimental diet consisted of 6 replicates groups with 10 birds. Along with growth performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal enzyme activity, dry matter (DM) content of litter and mineral status in bone were analysed. Dietary Na and phytase had no effect on bode weight gain and feed intake. Birds on the low Na diet showed higher (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the mid-Na diets. High dietary Na adversely affected (p < 0.001) excreta DM content. Phytase supplementation to the high-Na diet increased (p < 0.01) the litter ammonia content. High dietary Na with phytase supplementation improved ($Na{\times}phytase$, p < 0.05) the AME value and ileal digestibility of Ca and Mg. The total tract retention of Ca, P, and Mg was reduced with high Na diet, which was counteracted by phytase supplementation ($Na{\times}phytase$, p < 0.001). The diets containing mid-level of Na improved (p < 0.001) the function of Na-K-ATPase and Mg-ATPase in the jejunum. The overall results indicate that high dietary Na did not affect phytase activity but influenced the nutrient utilization of birds, which was not reflected in bird overall performance.

• 환경생물
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2004

자생종인 가막사리 (Bidens tripartita), 도깨비바늘 (B. bipinnata), 귀화종인 미국가막사리 (B. frondosa), 흰도깨비바늘 (B. pilosa var. minor)의 도깨비바늘속(Bidens) 4분류군의 성장반응과 생태적 지위폭을 비교ㆍ분석하기 위하여 광도, 토양함수량, 토양무기영양소의 3가지 환경요인별, 구배별 재배실험을 하였다. Phonology는 구배별로 큰 차이가 없으나, 종별로는 차이를 나타내어 귀화종인 2종이 자생종인 2종에 비해 개화 및 결실시기가 늦다. 총 건중량은 자생종인 2종에 비해 귀화종인 2종이 대체로 높으며, 구배별로는 광도와 토양함수량이 증가할수록 건중량도 증가하였고, 토양무기영양소 구배에는 반대의 경향이 나타났다. 환경요인별 총건중량은 토양무기영양소, 토양함수량, 광도의 순으로 낮아졌다. NAR은 B. bipinnata와 B. pilosa var minor에서 광도와 함수량증가에 따른 증가속도가 크며, 반대로 B. tripartita와 B. frondosa는 그 증가속도가 작았다. 그러나 토양무기영양소에 대해서는 영양소 증가에 따라 B, bipinnata와 B. pilosa var. minor가 오히려 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. RGR은 광도의 증가에 따라 B. tripartita, B. bipinnata, B. frondosa, B. pilosa var. minor의 순서로 작아졌으며, 토양함수량 구배에서는 B. bipinnata와 B. pilosa var. minor에서 증가경향이 컸다. 토양 무기영양소 구배에서는 B. pilosa와 B. tripartita는 토양무기영양소 증가에 따라 RGR이 작아지는 경향을 나타냈다. Shoot/root ratio는 환경요인별로 종별 변동이 크지 않으나, 자생종인 B. tripartita는 Shoot/root ratio에서 각 환경요인 별로 감소 경향이 뚜렷하다. 종별 성장특성의 비교결과 B. pilosa var. minor와 B. tripartita는 양분이 척박한 입지에서 생육이 왕성한 특징을 보이며, B. frondosa는 양분이 풍부한 입지에서 생육이 왕성한 종으로 분석된다. B. tripartita는 광에 대한 형태적 적응이 크고 수분을 좋아하는 특성이 있으며, B. bipinnata는 잎에 대한 형태적 형질은 크게 변화시키지 않으나 광이 풍부한 입지를 선호한다. Niche breadth는 B. bipinnata가 광도와 토양함수량 구배에서 0.875, 0.845로 가장 넓으며, 토양 무기영양소 에서는 B. pilosa var. minor가 0.933으로 넓게 나타났다. B. tripartita는 세 가지 환경요인에서 Niche breadth가 모두 좁았고, B. frondosa는 광도와 토양 무기영양소에서 넓고 토양함수량에서는 가장 좁은 값을 나타냈다.