• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.416-419
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• 1999

홍합이나 바지락과 같은 패류 건제품의 효율적인 이용방안의 일환으로 저장온도($4\pm2^{\circ}C$ 및 $25\pm2^{\circ}C$)에 따른 산화패턴 특히 갈변도와 지방산 조성의 변화를 연구하였다. 갈변도의 경우, 지용성 갈변도는 저장온도가 높을수록 또한 같은 온도에서 저장했을 때에도 바지락이 홍합보다 다소 높았으나, 수용성 갈변도는 두 종 모두 저장온도에 관계없이 거의 변화가 없었다. 홍합과 바지락 생시료의 지방산 조성 중 polyene산이 각각 $46.29\%$와 $44.79\%$로 포화산이나 monoene산에 비해 상대적으로 높은 비율을 나타내었다. 두 종 모두 포화산 중에서는 16:0, monoene산의 경우에는 16:1 그리고 polyene산에서는 20:5가 가장 높았다. 특히 저장중 16:0의 증가와 20:5 및 22:6의 감소가 컸으며, 또한 $25^{\circ}C$ 저장구가 $4^{\circ}C$ 저장구보다 변화 폭이 더 컸다. 중성지질과 인지질의 지방산조성은 홍합의 경우 polyene산의 비율은 중성지질 ($36.90\%$)보다 인지질 ($51.70\%$)에서 더 높았으나, 포화산과 monoene산은 중성지질에서 높았다. 바지락의 경우도 홍합과 비슷한 경향이었으나, 포화산에 대한 polyene산의 비율 (P/S)은 중성지질의 경우 홍합($0.92\%$)과 바지락($0.94\%$) 양자간에 큰 차이가 없었으나, 인지질에서는 홍합($1.42\%$)보다 바지락($1.81\%$)에서 다소 높았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.642-650
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• 1999

Options available for utilization of animal wastes include sources of plant nutrients, feed ingredients for farm animals, substrate for methane generation, and substrate for microbial and insect protein synthesis. The wastes have the most economic value for use as animal feed. Performance of animals fed diets containing animal wastes is similar to that of animals fed conventional diets. Processing of animal wastes to be used as animal feed is necessary for destruction of pathogens, improvement of handling and storage characteristics, and maintenance or enhancement of palatability. Feeding of animal waste has not adversely affected the quality and taste of animal products. In the USA copper toxicity has been reported in sheep fed high-copper poultry litter, but this is not a serious problem with cattle. Potential pathogenic microorganisms in animal wastes are destroyed by processing such as heat treatment, ensiling and deep stacking. Incidents of botulism, caused by Clostridium botulinum, have been reported in cattle in some countries, and this problem was caused by the presence of poultry carcasses in litter. This problem has not occurred in the USA. With appropriate withdrawal, heavy metal, pesticide or medicinal drug accumulation in edible tissues of animals fed animal wastes is not a problem. Feeding of animal wastes is regulated by individual states in the USA. The practice is regulated in Canada, also. With good management, animal wastes can be used safely as animal feed.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.333-342
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• 2014

Ultrastructural studies of oogenesis in oocytes, oocyte degeneration associated with the follicle cells in female Coecella chinensis were investigated for clams collected from Namhae, Geongsangnam-do, Korea. In this study, vitellogenesis during oogenesis in the oocytes occured by way of endogenous autosynthesis and exogenous heterosynthesis. Of two processes of vitellogenesis during oogenesis, the process of endogenous autosynthesis involved the combined activity of the Golgi complex, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum. whereas the process of exogenous heterosynthesis involved endocytotic incorporation of extraovarian precursors at the basal region of the oolema of the early vitellogenic oocytes prior to the formation of the vitelline coat. It is assumed that the follicle cells were involved in the development of previtellogenic and early vitellogenic oocytes and appear to play an integral role in vitellogenesis in the early and late vitellogenic oocytes by endocytosis of yolk precursors, and also they were involved in oocyte degeneration by assimilating products originating from the degenerated oocytes, thus allowed the transfer of york precursors needed for vitellogenesis (through phagocytosis by phagolysosomes after spawning). Follicle cells presumably have a lysosomal system for breakdown products of oocyte degeneration. and for reabsorption of various phagosomes (phagolysosomes) in the cytoplasm for nutrient storage during the period of oocyte degeneration.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2016

Ultrastructural studies on oocyte development and vitellogenesis in oocytes, and the functions of follicle cells during oogenesis and oocyte degeneration were investigated to clarifyb the reproductive mechanism on vitellogenesis of Scapharca subcrenata using electron microscope observations. In this study, vitellogenesis during oogenesis in the oocytes occured by way of autosynthesis and heterosynthesis. Of two processes of vitellogenesis during oogenesis, the process of endogenous autosynthesis involved the combined activity of the Golgi complex, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum. However, the process of exogenous heterosynthesis involved endocytotic incorporation of extraovarian precursors at the basal region of the oolema of the early vitellogenic oocytes before the formation of the vitelline coat. In this study, follicle cells, which attached to the previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes, were easily found. In particular, the follicle cells were involved in the development of previtellogenic oocytes by the supply of nutrients, and vitellogenesis in the early and late vitellogenic oocytes by endocytosis of yolk precursors. Based on observations of follicle cells attached to degenerating oocytes after spawning, follicles of this species are involved in lysosomal induction of oocyte degeneration for the resorption phagosomes (phagolysosomes) in the cytoplasm for nutrient storage, as seen in other bivalves. In this study, the functions of follicle cells can accumulate reserves of lipid granules and glycogen particles for vitellogenesis from degenerating oocytes after spawning.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.314-318
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• 1984

China has made rapid strides in agricultural production during the past few years. Although the absence of any serious climatic disturbances is a contributing factor, implementation of the responsibility system to reward peasant families for their initiatives has been by far the most significant. This has resulted in increased specialization, a greater requirement for technical adivsory services, and a much higher demand for farm equipment and production inputs. The revamped system has brought with it some problems such as differences in income between the most progressive producers and their less successful neighbours and urban workers, a shortage of storage, transport and processing facilities, and a strain on the national treasury to continue to subsidize farm prices. Demand for fertilizers has been increasing at a fast rate, especially for nitrogen. This has led to a serious imbalance in nutrient use which must be corrected if the current momentum in improving crop yields is to be maintained. Following a decade of total stagnation during the Cultural Revolution, agricultural research and education facilities are being strengthened. Younger scientists, many with overseas training, are being placed in key positions. China is still a developing country, and much remains to be done; however, progress in the last decade, and especially in the past five years, has been remarkable.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.87-92
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• 1996

The quality of silages, made from whole crop barley, rye, spring oat, Italian ryeglass, orchardgrass, alfalfa and grass-legume pasture mixtures, were evaluated under two different conservation techniques in baled silage making (BS) and conventional silages(CS). Crops materials were harvested at the stage of the greatest dry matter accumulation(hard dough for barley, soft dough for rye and oat, late bloom for Italian ryegrass and others pasture species), and baled in a self constructed square baling chamber weighted by 25~30kg in dry matter basis. Each bales were wrapped with 0.05mm thick polyethylen plastic film and stored six months long in stack silos. Barley, rye, oat and Italian ryegrass including of pasture crops produced higher quality silages in the baled silage making, due to better organic acid fermentation and lower nutrient losses during the period of storage than those in the conventional silages. TDN contents of barley silages were 65.3% in BS and 63.7% in CS, NEL value of barley silages was improved hum 6.48MJ(CS) to 6.61MJ/kg(BS) in dry matter basis. Silage quality of rye, oat and pasture crops were also improved markedly in the baled silage utilization.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2010

Paper composed mainly of organic materials and they can be used as nutrient by microorganisms. Therefore microorganisms are damaging the important documents and works of art irreversibly. Previous research reported that mycelium or spores of the fungi were observed on the wax of the volumes of King Sejong especially were heavily deteriorated by fungi. Fungal strains isolated from the annals of Joseon dynasty were identified as Biscogniauxia atropunctata, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium polonicum, Ceriporia lacerata, Irpex lacteus. Especially Aspergillus and Penicillium are able to grow on the substrates having a 7-8% moisture content, which is much lower than the general storage condition (RH55-60%) of the paper cultural properties. Moreover, they are known as fungi cause paper deterioration and discoloration. In this study, we selected Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium polonicum among five strains, then biological aging has been executed for 30 days. The growth of Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium polonicum in wax was lower than wax treated paper and Hanji. The growth of them in beeswax treated paper and Hanji both were excellent.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.319-323
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• 2012

Vitamin C or L-ascorbic acid, an essential nutrient for humans with antioxidative property, was coated with natural wax to be used as functional additives for cosmetics. Coating of vitamin C was performed using carnauba wax and olive wax in self-designed reaction chamber for 60 min. The yield of coated vitamin C with carnawuba wax and olive wax were up to $94.6{\pm}1.2%$ and $82.5{\pm}1.4%$, respectively. The stability of the carnauba wax-coated vitamin C in the lotion was improved 17.8% than that of uncoated vitamin C during 30 day storage at $25^{\circ}C$. Color and the layer separation of the lotion added with the coated vitamin C showed better property than with the uncoated vitamin C. The coated vitamin C can be applied to cosmetic ingredients as a stable additive.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2014

Ultrastructural studies of oocyte degeneration in the oocyte, and the functions of follicle cells during oocyte degeneration are described to clarify the reproductive mechanism on oocyte degeneration of Mactra chinensis using cytological methods. Commonly, the follicle cells are attached to the oocyte. Follicle cells play an important role in oocyte degeneration. In particular, the functions of follicle cells during oocyte degeneration are associated with phagocytosis and the intracellular digestion of products. In this study, morphologically similar degenerated phagosomes (various lysosomes), which were observed in the degenerated oocytes, appeared in the follicle cells. After the spawning of the oocytes, the follicle cells were involved in oocyte degeneration through phagocytosis by phagolysosomes. Therefore, it can be assumed that follicle cells reabsorb phagosomes from degenerated oocytes. In this study, the presence of lipid granules, which occurred from degenerating yolk granules, gradually increased in degenerating oocytes. The function of follicle cells can accumulate reserves of lipid granules and glycogen in the cytoplasm, which can be employed by the vitellogenic oocyte. Based on observations of follicle cells attached to degenerating oocytes after spawning, the follicle cells of this species are involved in the lysosomal induction of oocyte degeneration for the reabsorption of phagosomes (phagolysosomes) in the cytoplasm for nutrient storage, as seen in other bivalves.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2011

The principal objective of this study was to develop processed food with the effect of extract from Angelica gigas Nakai by assessing the quality characteristics of cookies. Cookie samples were prepared with shredded extract from Angelica gigas Nakai at varied levels of 0, 1, 3, and 5%. The pH of dough decreased significantly with the added extract from Angelica gigas Nakai and the density increased significantly in the 5% added group(p<0.05). The spread factor decreased significantly as the added extract from Angelica gigas Nakai increased(p<0.05). The Hunter color's L value in cookies significantly decreased and the a, b values in cookies increased(p<0.05). The hardness of cookies significantly increased added extract from Angelica gigas Nakai increased(p<0.05). The acid value and peroxide value were lower in added Angelica gigas Nakai extract groups than in the control group as the storage period of cookies passed. The results of sensory characteristics demonstrated that 1% added Angelica gigas Nakai extract showed the highest degree of preference among all the items of added Angelica gigas Nakai extract(color, odor, taste, hardness, crispness and overall quality) and the added Angelica gigas Nakai extract indicated possibilities for developments of Angelica gigas Nakai extract cookies.