• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.4
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• pp.656-666
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• 1996

Aspen demand has increased recently in the Great Lakes region in the United States. Since aspen has moved into the region in late 1800's, its growing stock has increased so as to change forestry industry of the Lake States. Intensive timber harvesting and biomass removal may cause nutrient depletion, especially on nutrient-poor sites. Forest nutrients and nutrient cycling were investigated in aspen stands of 7-10, 27-33, and 41-42 year-old growing on sandy soils in Minnesota. Nutrients added to the aspen stands by atmospheric deposition and soil weathering were efficiently absorbed and stored in the tree biomass. Aboveground biomass increased from $24.4t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ at young stands to $139.2t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ at mature stands. Nutrients accumulated in the tree biomass showed same magnitude of difference. Nutrients added to the site through atmospheric deposition were in the order of Ca, N, K, Mg, and P. Annual litterfall was greater in older stands. However, the amount of nutrients returned by litterfall was not significantly different among stand ages due to the greater nutrient contents in the litterfall of young stands. Litter decomposition and nutrient release rates were greater at young stands than at older stands. Likewise, nutrient availability was higher in young aspen stands and became lower as the stands grew older. Nutrient leaching loss was minimal at all stand ages. Soil N mineralization was greater at young stands than at older stands. Nutrient cycling process was facilitated in young aspen stands with an increased level of available nutrients, Based on the estimations of nutrient balance and nutrient removal by harvesting, Ca was the most critical element which was likely to be depleted if aspen stands are intensively harvested with short rotations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.447-455
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• 1995

The purpose of the present study is to assess nutrient content for providing nutrition information such as nutrition labeling on Korean dishes in restaurant and food service institutions. The content of nutrients was calculated in recipies used to prepare dishes which has been frequently consumed in such four groups as the literature, foodservice institutions of industries, restaurants, and households. The numbers of dishes surveyed were 15. Total numbers of literture used for recipies analysis are 20. Recipies used in foodservice institutions of industries were abstracted from the journal 'Guk-Min Young-Yang' published in Korea dietetic association and obtained with the help of dietitians working in those institutions. Also, recipies has been using in restaurants were given from the Korea restaurant association. Recipies in households was calculated from the secondary analysis of the Korean National Nutrition Survey. Nutrient content from foods except steamed rice and side dishes in each dish was calculated using data of Korean food composition table published. The content of energy and protein in 'Gal-bi tang' (beef-rib soup) were highest in recipes used at restaurants, vitamin C in recipes of food service institutions of industries due to the generous use of meats and vegetables than other recipies. 'Doen-jang chigae' (soybean paste stew) showed the lowest content of energy in results analyzing recipes presented on the literature and varied protein level by four groups for difference of protein source used. The content of energy in 'Gop-chang jeongol' (small intestines stew) is 150 kcal more than 'Soegogi jeongol' (beef stew) in general. The energy level of 'Daeji-galbi' jim (braised pork ribs) and 'Dak jim' (braised chicken) turned out to be the highest in recipies presented on literature. Variation of each nutrient content including energy and protein was relatively high, since some of foods used in 'Pibimbab' (mixed rice) varied with four groups. Amounts of energy and protein in 'Naeng-myeun' (cold noodles) is the highest in recipies of foodservice institution of industries because much amounts of noodle and meats were used comparing to other groups. The average content of energy in 'Pulgogi' (grilled meat with sauce) was 50% to Korea recommended amounts of one meal, 833.3 kcal. Content of vitamin $B_1$ in 'Jeuk pyeunuk' (boiled pork), which is made of pork meat, was higher than other dishes. The ingredients of frequently consumed Korean dishes were highly variable among the four groups which inevitably results in variation of nutrient content in each dishes. The high variation of nutrient content in each dish according to study requires careful collecting of the large number of recipies in presenting representative nutrient content for nutrition labeling on dishes in restaurant and food service institutions effectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.627-636
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• 2020

Background: Cultivation of medicinal crops, which synthesize hundreds of substances for curative functions, was focused on the synthesis of secondary metabolites rather than biomass accumulation. Nutrition is an important restrict factor for plant growth and secondary metabolites, but little attention has been given to the plasticity of nutrient uptake and secondary metabolites synthesis response to soil nitrogen (N) change. Methods: Two year-field experiments of Sanqi (Panax notoginseng), which can synthesize a high level of saponin in cells, were conducted to study the effects of N application on the temporal dynamics of biomass, nutrient absorption, root architecture and the relationships between these parameters and saponin synthesis. Results: Increasing N fertilizer rates could improve the dry matter yields and nutrient absorption ability through increasing the maximum daily growth (or nutrient uptake) rate. Under suitable N level (225 kg/ha N), Sanqi restricted the root length and surface and enhanced the root diameter and N uptake rate per root length (NURI) to promote nutrient absorption, but the opposite status of Sanqi root architecture and NURI was found when soil N was deficient. Furthermore, increasing N rates could promote the accumulation of saponin in roots through improving the NURI, which showed a significant positive relationship with the content of saponin in the taproots. Conclusion: Appropriate N fertilizer rates could optimize both root architecture and nutrient uptake efficiency, then promote both the accumulation of dry matter and the synthesis of saponins.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.17-27
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the dietary habits, nutrient intake, and health status and to explore the relationship between dietary habits and health status in the middle-aged men and women. The subjects consisted of 220 men and 220 women aged 40-59 years old. Dietary habits and nutrient intake were assessed by self-administered questionnaire and 24 hours dietary recall method by personal interview. Percent of body fat, serum cholesterol, and serum triglyceride level were measured. The middle aged adults who had breakfast and meals irregularly were more than 60% of the study subjects. The middle aged men had meals habits significantly more irregularly than the middle aged women. The middle aged men had high fat meat intake more frequently than the middle aged women. The middle aged men had significantly high energy and protein intake more than the middle aged women but the middle aged women had significantly high carbohydrate intake more than the middle aged men and tended to consume milk higher than the middle aged men. The middle aged adults who had high body fat tended to overeat food, to have high fat meat and processed food intake more frequently than those who had low body fat. The middle aged adults who had high serum cholesterol and triglyceride level tended to overeat food and to have processed food intake more frequently than those who had low serum cholesterol and triglyceride level. The middle aged adults who had regular meals habits. tended to have low serum triglyceride level than those who had irregular meals habits.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 1999

Changes in nutritional and health status brought on by a two-year balanced diet were assessed with anthropometric measurements as well as hematological and lipid profiles in 56 healthy young men. Recommended dietary allowances (RDA) were adjusted with estimated daily weighted activity factor. The weighted resting energy expenditure factor of the subjects was 2.37 $\pm$ 0.05. Compared with RDA, all nutrient intakes were adequate and 56% of energy was supplied by carbohydrates, 18% by protein and 26% by fat. The vitamin and mineral intakes except vitamin B-2 were higher (26.46-129.88%) than RDA. Vitamin B-2 intake was 92.15 \ulcorner 14.16% of RDA. There was no seasonal variation on nutrient intakes. Height was increased and systolic blood pressure was decreased by balanced diet for two years. Body weight, diastolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were unchanged. The level of hemoglobin and hematocrit was not changed, the level of plasma protein was decreased and the level of plasma total cholesterol and albumin was increased. These results suggest that a balanced diet can increase height and complement health status achieved through vigorous exercise, even in adults, and that the level of Korean RDA for energy is adequate to maintain existing body weight.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among nutrient intake, life style, and serum lipids level in 108 healthy middle-aged men in Taegu. A convenient method was to assess nutritional intake. Anthropometric measuement of body weight and hight were measured and average energy expenditure was calculated. The mean body mass index(BMI) was 22.8$\pm$2.4 and it was in the middle of the mean BMI of Korean men. Obesity rate of study subject were 13.2%. Daily energy intake was not sufficient as 88.4% of recommended dietary allowances and the energy percentage of carboydrate, fat protein was 65 : 21 : 14. Mean intake of vitamin A, B1, C and Ca were lower than RDA. There was a highly significant negative correlation between the systolic blood pressure and calcium intake(r=-0.28, p<0.05). Smokers showed significantly higher blood glucose than non-smokers. Skipping meals and uneven diurnal distribution(no breakfast and large evening meals) are associated with high triglyceride level in this population. There was a highly significant correlation between body weight and plasma lipids. Energy expenditure was negatively correlated with plasma triglyceride level. Especially, atherogenic index was significantly lower in job-time physically active worker than that in sedentary worker. Above data provides valuable imformation to the community for program planning as well as to health providers who work individual male adults to meet their nutrition needs and to control blood lipids.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.93-112
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• 2010

Consumers show higher interest in fishery products processed food that are effective for the personal health and good for convenience, nourishment and taste. But current domestic research for fishery products processed food is marginal. In this respect, this research systematically analyzes consumers' consumption patterns and relationship to comsumer's pursuable benefit, reference for selection, satisfaction level and purpose of purchase. This research shows results as following. Consumers consider product information the most important in reference for selection, and convinience the highest in pursuable benefit. And this research analyze influence of reference for selection and pursuable benefit on satisfaction level and purpose of purchase using demographic properties as control variables. The variables which affect satisfaction level are residential district(region), recipe, nutrient, convenience, economy and the variables affect purpose of purchase are nutrient, convenienct, satisfaction level. If this result is used to develop new products and industrialize fishery products processed food, consumer market of fishery products processed food can be expanded. And this result can be utilized as fundamental reference for sales promotion.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 1994

To find out the effects of phosphatic fertilizer application level on the dry matter yield and nutrient contents of grasses, this experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with six treatments(0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250kg $P_2O_5$/ ha) and conducted at hill land in Gwangju, Gyeonggi Province from September, 1989 to October, 1992. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. As the phosphatic fertilization level increase, the early growth and cover degree of grasses wintered were more favorable and plant length was higher. 2. With 150kg $P_2O_5$/ ha application for three years, the average dry matter yield of grasses, 10,112kgl ha was sirnilared to that of 200kg $P_2O_5$/ ha and the yield was composed of 77.2% grasses(7,808kg/ ha), 19.2% legumes(l,937kg 1 ha) and 3.6% weeds(367kg / ha). 3. The crude protein and energy productivity of grasses increase as phosphatic fertilization level was increased, but those were not different between 150 and 250kg $P_2O_5$ 1 ha. Therefore, phosphatic fertilization level must be applied with 150kg / ha for a reasonable management in hilly grassland.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.107-111
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• 2006

This study was to verity that the uptake inhibition and accumulation of nitrogen in different potassium levels. Lettuce was used as model plant in this study and grown in pot of 10cm's in diameter and depth with mixture media of vermiculite and perlite under supply of different culture solution for three weeks. Nitrogen absorption at root was inhibited by increased potassium concentration in nutrient solution, and nitrate accumulation of plant was depended on absorption of nitrogen because nitrate content of 0 K level was 4-5 times higher than that of 2 K level, Concentration of ascorbic acid was decreased by increasing the nitrogen absorption, since ascorbic acid (AsA) content of 2K level was higher than those of OK level in both of old leaf and flesh leaf.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1060-1069
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• 2002

High insulin level is known to be a risk factor of coronary heart disease. High insulin level with normal glycemic control is known to be an indicator for insulin resistance. This study was aimed to find out the influencing factors for the fasting serum insulin levels in elderly females with normal glycemic control. One hundred thirty-eight older females aged over 60 years without diabetes medication and high blood HBA1c level were examined on the serum fasting insulin concentration, anthropometry and asked about nutrient intake and exercise habits. The elderly were categorized into 3 group according to the fasting insulin level. The high insulin group was in a state of hyperinsulinemia. Except vitamin C, the nutrient intakes showed no difference according to fasting serum insulin level. But the intakes of calorie and protein per kg body weight were significantly lower in the high insulin group. The intakes of most nutrients except vitamin B$_1$, C and niacin were lower than the korean RDA in all the insulin group. Especially, the intakes of vitamin B$_1$ and Ca were below 75% of the korean RDA. Weight, BMI, body fat percent, body fat mass and fat-free mass, circumferences of waist and hip, WHR of elderly females were significantly higher in the group with the highest insulin level. The body fat percent in the highest insulin group was 35.8%. showing a state of obesity. The high insulin group showed higher proportion of low exercise frequencies per week and short exercise duration. Therefore, the mean energy expenditure for exercise were lower in this group, showing a state of very low exercise activity. Age and waist circumference in elderly females could explain to the 14.5% variances of the fasting insulin level according to multiple stepwise regression. It can be concluded that aging and central body fat deposition influence independently the serum fasting insulin level in elderly females with normal glucose level.