• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2004

최근 시설 재배지에서는 사용된 배양액을 그냥 방출하고 있어서 지표수의 부영양화와 지하수의 오염을 유발시키는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 이와 같은 폐양액 처리 기술이 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내토양에서 분리된 광합성 독립영양 세균인 cyanobactria 중 우수한 균주를 선발하고 이의 생장에 필요한 다량의 N, P와 미량 필수원소 등 각종영양 물질이 충분히 함유된 폐양액을 이용하여 광합성 세균을 대량배양 하고자 하였다. 4종 (Anabaena HA101, HA701과 Nostoc HN601, HN701)의 미세조류 중 BG-II ($NO_3{^-}$) 액체배지에서 생장과 양분흡수능이 우수한 균체는 Nostoc HN601이었고, 이 균체는 질소 고정능 뿐만 아니라 균체 내 양분 보유능이 우수하여 본 실험을 위하여 최종 선발하였다. 선발된 Nostoc HN601의 최적 배양 조건는 통기처리 시 배양액 부피의 1/2수준의 조건과 초기 폐양액의 pH를 8.0으로만 조절 해주는 non-buffering 시스템이 효과적이었다. 최적 배양 조건하에서 Nostoc HN601을 15 L의 광배양기에 토마토를 수경 재배한 10 L의 폐양액을 이용하여 배양한 결과 균체의 생장은 $16mg\;Chl-a\;L^{-1}$로 실험실조건에서 배양된 균체 ($8.3mg\;Chl-a\;L^{-1}$)보다 약 2배정도 빠르게 증가되었으며, 폐양액 내 인산도 1주일 이내에 100% 제거시킴으로서 인산 제거효율이 매우 우수하였다. 또한 선발된 Nostoc HN601의 질소 고정능은 $22.4nmol\;C_2H_4\;mg^{-1}\;Chl-a\;h^{-1}$로 매우 우수하였고, 균체 내 총 인산과 총 질소함량은 각각 19.1 mg P와 63.3 mg N으로 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 광반응기에서 폐양액을 이용한 cyanobacteria의 대량배양은 부영양화와 지하수 오염을 일으키는 폐양액 내 인산제거에 큰 효과가 있고. 배양된 균체는 높은 질소와 인산을 함유하고 있어서 생물비료로도 이용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2014

An accurate analysis of nutrient balance in different cropping systems is necessary for improving soil fertilities, causing higher crop yields and quality. This study was carried out to investigate the nutrient balance, changes in soil properties, and their effects on crop yield in long-term field cultivation under mono- and rotation-cropping systems (MCS and RCS, respectively). The analytical results of the soil properties showed that the application of mineral fertilizers alone in the MCS leads the reduction of soil CEC, exchangeable Ca, and microbial biomass C and N. Compared with the MCS of soybean, the RCS of soybean and barley significantly improved the soil properties, which increased crop yield. It might be due to the barley residue added to the RCS soil. Mean nutrient balances for 4 years were -55.9 kg N, +34.7 kg $P_2O_5$, and -0.3 kg $K_2O$ $ha^{-1}$ for the MCS and +19.7 kg N, +107.4 kg $P_2O_5$, and -48.6 kg $K_2O$ $ha^{-1}$ for the RCS, respectively. These nutrient imbalances mean that conventional fertilizer recommendations were inadequate for maintaining soil nutrient balance. From these results, we can conclude that the crop rotation may change comprehensive physical, chemical, and biological soil properties. These changes could affect the nutrient balance and then the crop yield.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.372-377
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• 2016

The objectives of the trial were to investigate the effects of supplementing vitamin E (VE) on nutrient digestion, nitrogen (N) retention and plasma parameters of beef cattle in feedlot. Four growing Simmental bulls, fed with a total mixed ration composed of corn silage and concentrate mixture as basal ration, were used as the experimental animals. Four levels of VE product, i.e. 0, 150, 300, 600 mg/head/d (equivalent to 0, 75, 150, 300 IU VE/head/d), were supplemented to the basal ration (VE content 38 IU/kg dry matter) in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design as experimental treatments I, II, III and IV, respectively. Each experimental period lasted 15 days, of which the first 12 days were for pretreatment and the last 3 days for sampling. The results showed that supplementing VE did not affect the nutrient digestibility (p>0.05) whereas decreased the urinary N excretion (p<0.01), increased the N retention (p<0.05) and tended to increase the microbial N supply estimated based on the total urinary purine derivatives (p = 0.057). Supplementing VE increased the plasma concentrations of VE, glucose and triglycerol (TG) (p<0.05) and tended to increase the plasma concentration of total protein (p = 0.096) whereas did not affect the plasma antioxidant indices and other parameters (p>0.05). It was concluded that supplementing VE up to 300 IU/head/d did not affect the nutrient digestibility whereas supplementing VE at 150 or 300 IU/head/d increased the N retention and the plasma concentrations of VE and TG (p<0.05) of beef cattle.

• 임산에너지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2004

본 연구는 질소 및 인 시비가 지상부 생체량과 양분의 분포에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 경기도 양평지역의 유사한 토양 위에 조성되어 있는 41년생 리기다소나무와 낙엽송 조림지를 대상으로 실시되었다. 시비는 대조구(control), 저농도 시비구 [200N kg/ha+25P kg/ha(LNP)], 고농도 시비구 [400N kg/ha+50P kg/ha(HNP)] 등 세 수준으로 처리하였으며, 본 연구로부터 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 리기다소나무와 낙엽송 임분의 총 지상부 생체량은 대조구가 149, 145ton/ha, LNP 처리구가 166, 149ton/ha, HNP 처리구가 152, 170ton/ha이었으며, 수종간에는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 리기다소나무와 낙엽송 임분 모두 지상부 각 부위별 생체량은 수간목부>가지>수피>엽의 순으로 분포되어 있었다. 하층식생의 생체량은 리기다소나무림이 1,111kg/ha, 그리고 낙엽송림이 907kg/ha이었으며, 이는 전체 지상부 생체량의 0.6～0.7%에 해당되는 것이었다. 일반적으로 수체 내 모든 양분들의(N, P, K, Ca, Mg) 농도는 리기다소나무에 비해 낙엽송이 높았는데, 그 이유는 낙엽성 침엽수가 상록성 침엽수에 비해 높은 양분 흡수력을 가지고 있기 때문으로 판단된다. 리기다소나무와 낙엽송 임분의 각 부위별 양분농도는 처리간에는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않은 반면, 수종간 각 부위간에는 고도의 유의적인 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 두 수종 모두 각부위별 양분농도는 엽>가지>수피>수간목부의 순으로 감소되었다. 두 수종 모두 양분함량은 시비처리구가 대조구에 비해 많았으며, 리기다소나무는 LNP 처리구에서 그리고 낙엽송은 HNP 처리구에서 가장 많았던 것으로 나타났다. 지상부 식생에 대한 총 양분함량은(N+P+K+Ca+Mg) 리기다소 나무가 703kg/ha 그리고 낙엽송이 869kg/ha였다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.258-263
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• 2000

The study was carried out to investigate the nutrient losses at a paddy field located at the southwest of central Korea from May 1, 1997 to April 30, 1998. The studying area was 10 ha. The amounts of nutrients loaded by runoff water were measured as follows. The total-N was 1,031 and $61kg\;10ha^{-1}$ during the irrigation and non-irrigation periods, respectively. The total amount of N from both periods was $1,092kg\;10ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. The total-P was 23 and $2kg\;10ha^{-1}$ during the irrigation and non-irrigation periods, respectively. The total amount of P from both periods was $25kg\;10ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. For percolationloss, the losses of total-N, ammonia-N, nitrate-N, and total-P were 167,30,122, and $3kg\;10ha^{-1}$, respectively. The respective loss ratios of N and P by runoff water were 55.2 and 11.9%, while the loss ratios of N and P by percolationwere 8.4 and 1.4%.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 1999

본 연구는 인공조림된 잣나무임분과 일본잎갈나무임분을 대상으로 1997년 6월에 요소 (N: $150kg\;ha^{-1}$)를 시용하고 1년간의 토양 및 토양수중 양분함량 변화를 조사하였다. 토양 pH는 시용 후 잣나무임분에서는 급격한 감소경향을, 일본잎갈나무임분에서는 완만한 증가경향을 보였으나 시간이 경과함에 따라 시용 전 농도수준으로 회복되고 있었으며, 전탄소, 전질소는 시용 후 증가 경향을 보이다. 일정한 값을 나타내고 있었다. 치환성 Ca, Mg는 시용 후 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 치환성 K는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 일본잎갈나무의 토양수의 pH를 제외하고는 양임분 모두 토양수의 pH와 시용 후 감소하는 양이온중 Ca, $NH_4-N$, 음이온중 $NO_3-N$, $SO_4-S$, Cl 농도는 초기간계에서 증가하였으나, K, Mg, 농도는 시용 후 1~2개월 후부터 증가하기 시작하여 4개월 후에 최고 농도치를 나타내고 있었다. 시용 후 급격히 증가한 토양수중 각 용존원소 농도가시용 전과 같은 수준의 농도로 회복되는데에는 Ca, $NH_4-N$, $SO_4-S$, Cl에서 약 1개월, $NO_3-N$, K, Mg에서는 6~12개월로 용존원소에 따라 그 경향을 달리하고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1520-1532
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• 2020

Objective: Due to rapid economic return, mixed crop-swine farming systems in Korea have become more intensive. Intensive farming practices often cause nutrient surpluses and lead to environmental pollution. Nutrient budgets can be used to evaluate the environmental impact and as a regulatory policy instrument for nutrient management. This study was conducted to select a nutrient budgeting approach applicable to the mixed crop-swine farms in Korea and suggest an effective manure treatment method to reduce on-farm nutrient production. Methods: In this study, we compared current and ideal gross nutrient balance (GNB) approaches of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and soil system budget (SSB) approach with reference to on-farm manure treatment processes. Data obtained from farm census and published literature were used to develop the farm nutrient budgets. Results: The average nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) surpluses were approximately 11 times and over 7 times respectively higher in the GNB approaches than the SSB. After solid-liquid separation of manure, during liquid composting a change in aeration method from intermittent to continuous reduced the N and P loading about 50% and 47%, respectively. Although changing in solid composting method from turning only to turning+aeration improved the N removal efficiency by 30.5%, not much improvement in P removal efficiency was observed. Conclusion: Although the GNB approaches depict the impact of nutrients produced in the mixed crop-swine farms on the overall agricultural environment, the SSB approach shows the partitioning among different nutrient loss pathways and storage of nutrients within the soil system; thus, can help design sustainable nutrient management plans for the mixed cropswine farms. The study also suggests that continuous aeration for liquid composting and turning+aeration for solid composting can reduce nutrient loading to the soil.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권2호
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• pp.214-221
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• 2007

The effect of nutrient availability and forest type on the nutrient turnover of fine roots is important in terrestrial nutrient cycling, but it is poorly understood. I measured nutrient turnover of hardwoods and softwoods at three well studied sites in the northeastern US: Sleepers River, VT; Hubbard Brook, NH; Cone Pond, NH. Significant differences in nutrient turnover by fine roots were observed among sites, but not between forest types. The magnitude of differences for each element ranged from 3 times for P and N to 8 times for Ca and Mg between sites. Smaller differences of 0.2 to 0.8 times were observed between forest types. In hardwoods, the Sleepers River 'new' site had $23kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ Ca, $7kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ Mg, and $16kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ K turnover, owing to high root nutrient contents and turnover. Cone Pond had the highest turnover for Mn ($0.8kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$) and Al ($16kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), owing to high nutrient contents. The Hubbard Brook hardwood site exhibited the lowest turnover of these elements. In softwoods, the variation in turnover of Ca, Mg, and K was lower than in hardwoods. The Hubbard Brook had the highest turnover for P ($1.6kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), N ($31kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), Mn ($0.4kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), Al ($10kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), Fe ($6.4kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), Zn ($0.3kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), Cu ($34g\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), and C ($1.1Mg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$). Root Ca turnover exponentially increased as soil percentage Ca saturation increased because of greater root nutrient contents and more rapid turnover at the higher Ca sites. These results imply that nutrient inputs by root turnover significantly increase as soil Ca availability improves in temperate forest ecosystems.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.258-267
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects that body composition, nutrient intake, and biochemical indices have on skin status, as well as their associations with skin health status, by assessing 44 female university students. The subjects were classified into 3 groups according to skin sensitivity: sensitive skin (n=11), slightly sensitive skin (n=24), and normal skin (n=9). The study included anthropometric measurements and body composition analyses, dietary intake evaluations, blood chemical analyses, and skin health status assessments. Based on % body fat, the results indicated the subjects were moderately obese (29.6%). Obesity indices were not different among the groups, but the sensitive skin group tended to have higher skinfold thickness. Dry skin was determined as the skin type of all subjects. In the sensitive skin groups, U-zone and T-zone sebum were significantly lower (p<0.05), and spots were significantly higher (p<0.05) than in the normal skin group. In terms of nutrient intakes, the sensitive skin groups consumed significantly lower amounts of P and vitamins A and E (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in serum lipid fractions or total antioxidant status among the groups. In correlation coefficients analysis, skin elasticity had significant negative correlations with subscapular and midaxillary skinfold thickness, body protein, and body minerals (p<0.05). Wrinkling had positive correlations with triceps and thigh skinfold thickness (p<0.05). Skin evenness had negative correlations with energy intake, vitamins A, $B_1,\;B_2$, C, E, niacin, and zinc (p<0.05), as well as folate and P (p<0.01) and vitamin $B_6$ (p<0.001). A similar correlation tendency was observed for spots and nutrient intake, showing negative correlations with vitamins A, $B_6$, and E, as well as folate, Fe, and P. U-zone sebum showed significant positive correlations with serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. From these findings, skin health status appears to be affected by both nutrient intake and body composition. Therefore, having a proper balance between dietary intake and body composition may influence skin health status in females with sensitive skin.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.384-391
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• 1998

목재에너지 공급을 위해 1987년 미국 뉴욕주립대 연습림에 조성된 버드나무(Salix spp.) 조림지를 대상으로, 매년 벌채되는 지상부 biomass와 양분의 양을 측정하여 벌채에 의한 양분수탈을 평가하였다. 5개의 버드나무 clone과 1개의 잡종 포플러가 식재되었으며, 식재지의 시비구에 매년 N($336kg\;ha^{-1}$), P($112kg\;ha^{-1}$), K($224kg\;ha^{-1}$)를 시비하였으며, 조림지에 식재된 모든 공시목은 매년 벌채되었다. 식재 후 7년동안(1987-1993) 식재지로부터 벌채에 의한 연평균 N, P, K, Ca, 그리고 Mg의 수탈은 각각 30-70, 4-10, 14-40, 19-59 그리고 $3-5kg\;ha^{-1}$이었다. 시비구에서 높은 biomass 생산과 양분수준 때문에 대조구보다는 시비지역의 수목에서 양분수탈이 높게 나타났다. 비록, 벌채로 인한 양분수탈이 대조구보다 시비지에서 큰 것으로 나타났지만, 그 양은 시비처리의 양보다 적기 때문에 토양의 양분 수준에 크게 영향을 주지는 않을것으로 사료 된다. 시비없이 벌채에 의한 양분수탈은 장기간에 걸쳐 토양양분의 결핍을 가져올 것으로 판단된다. 전체 식재 clone중 clone SV1의 양분 유효도가 가장 높았다.