• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 1987

Indonesian varieties were compared with Korean varieties on three different sowing times, each of which had three different nursery periods, at Suwon, Korea (126$^{\circ}$ 19'E and 37$^{\circ}$ 16'S). Indica-type varieties with exception of late-maturing ones had heading regardless of sowing time and nursery period. As the Korean varieties com-pared with those, the earlier sowing plots with shorter period of nursery gave better result in yields and yield components.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of runner development based on production period and to investigate the yield in different cropping type to nursery plant age. In runner development experiment, heating + lighting + $GA_3$ + cluster removal treatment increased the number of runners by 13.1 times higher in spring season than control(heating only) in overwintering mother-plant. Treatment of 20ppm $GA_3$ was the most effective for runner production in autumn. In nursery plant age experiment, 60 days old nursery plants produced more flower cluster than 40 days old ones. This result indicated that the yield potential was so low that overwintering runners would be adaptable for spring or summer cultivation.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.31-41
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• 2012

This paper was conducted to study the economic valuation for Nursery-Phase production of the tidal flat oyster in Korea. Benefit-cost(B/C) model used to indicate the effects of economic valuation. Using discounting rates(i.e., 4.5%, 6.5% and 8.5%), the model compared revenues and costs that occur at different times from 2012 to 2018. This study also estimated various submodels, which are Benefit Cost Ratio(B/C ratio), Net Present Value(NPV), Internal Ration of Return(IRR), to compare profit of Nursery-Phase production styles and analyzed returns to evaluate the scenarios. Sensitivity analysis were conducted for various scenarios. The results suggest as follows. First, the oyster spat to the shell height of 3~5cm was more profit than the shell height of 1~3cm. Second, all of sensitivity analysis with submodels were economic valuation such that B/C ratio > 1, NPV > 0 and IRR > discounting rate. Third, the payback period was about 3years after installed Nursery-Phase production system.

• KCID journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2006

The practical date of rice growing stages and the date for calculating the water demand in paddy field have differences. The causes are rice planting water requirement, nursery bed area and change of average temperature and so on. Some recent papers have shown the same results. So we have investigated the nursery period, rice transplanting period and mid-summer drainage and developed a system for estimating water demand. And we calculated the water demand by using the system. The result showed that calculation by using the new system is more appropriate than the calculation by using the established period. But because water losses in canals and crop coefficient are not determined appropriately, we can calculate the agricultural water demand more accurately by dstablishing canal losses ratio, crop coefficient and so on.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.365-371
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• 2012

This study was carried out to know the characteristics of flowering and bearing fruit, the optimum period, regions and methods for seed harvesting, the optimum temperatures for seed storage and germination, and the optimum period for sowing at nursery bed and seedling transplanting of Valeriana fauriei Briquet. The flowering and bearing fruit of Valeriana fauriei was developed from the before-year root. Optimum period for seed harvest of Valeriana fauriei was from late July to middle August, and optimum areas were the high elevated areas over 500 m above the sea level as Jinbu-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do. Using of net-bag for seed harvesting was the effective method to gather the full ripe seed, and bagging of net-bag was necessary from the season of middle May that was the flowering middle-stage. Germination rates don't show the difference among the different temperatures of storage as approximately 41% at $-20^{\circ}C$, $2^{\circ}C$ or $20^{\circ}C$ of seed storage temperatures. The optimum temperature range was in $15{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ for seed germination at nursery bed. The optimum period for seed sowing at nursery bed was the late February, and the optimum period for seedling transplanting was the middle April.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.212-217
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nursery period on growth and yield attribute of green papaya (var. Red lady). The nursery period was 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 months and the green papaya was transplanted on 15 April, 2015 in a non-heated greenhouse. The plant height, node number and fresh weight of nursery plant were increased as the nursery periods increased. The growth of green papaya with 13 months nursery period was better than those of other treatments. First harvest after transplanting was increased as the nursery periods were shorten. It took 137 days (18 August) at 13 months treatment, and 184 days (2 October) at 3 months treatment. The fruit length and diameter were smallest at 3 months treatment and there was no significant difference among other treatments. The fruit yield was also influenced by the nursery periods, the commercial yield was also increased as the nursery periods increased. The commercial yield was highest at 13 months treatment (3,172kg/10a), followed by 11 (2,247kg/10a) and 9 months treatment (2,357kg/10a). At 7 and 5 months treatment were 1,942kg/10a and 1,787kg/10a, respectively and the yield was lowest at 3 months treatment (1,443kg/10a). The commercial yield was significantly decreased under 7 months treatment. Although the harvest time of 11 months treatment was earlier than that of other treatments in non-heated greenhouse, 9 month treatment will be more recommendable for green papaya production because of operating costs.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1976

This experiment was carried out to determine the most adequate type and period of nursery for the late seasonal cultivation of the new varieties of rice, Yusin and Josaengtongil. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Semi-hot up-land nursery was much effective for the increase of the number of tillerings and the roots of rise seedlings compared with the semi-hot low-land nursery. The number of tillerings and roots was increased in 60 days seedlings compared with 50 or 60 days seedlings. 2. The abnormal heading has not appeared at the variety Yusin at all. The seedlings of Josaengtongil grown over 50 days at the semi-hot low-and nursery showed the abnormal heading, but the abnormal heading was not checked out at the seedlings of same variety grown for 60 days on the semi-hot upland nursery. 3. On the nursery not to cause the abnormal heading, earlier seeding was much effective for the hastening of the heading time and the hastening effect of heading time by earlier seeding was significantly greater at the variety Josaengtongil than Yusin 4. The number of ears per hill was significantly increased in the seedlings from the semi-hot up-land nursery compared with the semi-hot low-land nursery. 5. When the growing period of rice seedlings was not considered, the semi-hot up-land nursery resulted in higher yield of rice than the semi-hot low-land nursery. Considering the growing periods of rice seedlings, 40 days seedlings showed high yield at the semi-hot low-land nursery, however, at the semi-hot up-land nursery, 60 days seedlings showed higher yield of rice.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.290-299
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• 2016

Strawberry bacterial angular leaf spot (ALS) disease, caused by Xanthomonas fragariae has become increasingly problematic in the strawberry agro-industry. ALS causes small angular water-soaked lesions to develop on the abaxial leaf surface. Studies reported optimum temperature conditions for X. fragariae are $20^{\circ}C$ and the pathogen suffers mortality above $32^{\circ}C$. However, at the nursery stage, disease symptoms have been observed under high temperature conditions. In the present study, results showed X. fragariae transmission was via infected maternal plants, precipitation, and sprinkler irrigation systems. Systemic infections were detected using X. fragariae specific primers 245A/B and 295A/B, where 300-bp and 615-bp were respectively amplified. During the nursery stage (from May to August), the pathogen was PCR detected only in maternal plants, but not in soil or irrigation water through the nursery stage. During the cultivation period, from September to March, the pathogen was detected in maternal plants, progeny, and soil, but not in water. Additionally, un-infected plants, when planted with infected plants were positive for X. fragariae via PCR at the late cultivation stage. Chemical control for X. fragariae with oxolinic acid showed 87% control effects against the disease during the nursery period, in contrast to validamycin-A, which exhibited increased efficacy against the disease during the cultivation stage (control effect 95%). To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiological study of X. fragariae in Korean strawberry fields.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.908-913
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• 1999

This experiment was conducted in three trials to evaluate optimal ambient temperature for a novel milk replacer feeding system designed for early-weaned pigs, compared to commercial dry diets fed within a conventional hot nursery. A total of 165 PIC genotype pigs were weaned at $13.89{\pm}0.7$ days of age and allotted to one of two dietary treatments in three trials based on weight and litter origin. Each trial consisted of pigs fed dry diets (DD) and pigs fed milk replacer (MR) which was offered in one of 3 different ambient temperatures. Pigs fed milk replacer were housed in a specialized nursery building in which one half of each pen contained an enclosed hover that was thermostatically maintained at $32^{\circ}C$ while the exterior ambient temperature (where milk was fed) was set at either 17 (trial 1), 24 (trial 2) or $32^{\circ}C$ (trial 3). Pigs fed dry diets with the conventional nursery were maintained at $30^{\circ}C$ for each trial. From d 21 to d 49, all pigs were fed DD within a standardized hot nursery environment. During the first week (d 14-21), pigs fed MR showed increased ADG from 214% to 228% over control pigs fed DD (p<0.001), regardless of ambient temperature. As ambient temperature was increased from 17 to 24 to $32^{\circ}C$, ADG of MR-fed pigs was increased by 214%, 220% and 228% over those of pigs fed DD, respectively. ADFIs of MR-fed pigs at $17^{\circ}C$, $24^{\circ}C$, and $32^{\circ}C$ compared with pigs fed DD were increased by 108%, 139% and 164% from d 14 to d 21, respectively. Fed efficiency (G/F) of MR-fed pigs at $17^{\circ}C$, $24^{\circ}C$, and $32^{\circ}C$ compared with pigs fed DD were 199%, 162% and 139% of those of pigs fed DD, respectively. As ambient temperature increased, diarrhea scores showed a slight tendency to increase. The advantage of MR feeding was greater when the ambient temperature was higher, but G/F was impaired with increased ambient temperature. We conclude that ambient temperature within the specialized nursery influenced behavior, MR feed intake, and probably piglet energy expenditure. There were no differences between MR-fed and DD-fed pigs for ADG, ADFI and G/F in the subsequent growth period (d 21 to d 49, p>0.05). Maximal advantage of MR feeding was obtained at the intermediate ($24^{\circ}C$) ambient temperature during the overall period (p<0.05). Results from this experiment indicate that a milk replacer feeding system utilized in the early postweaning period can maximize pig growth performance, and that ADG, ADFI and G/F were affected by different ambient temperatures within MR-fed pigs. The high or low temperatures could not support the maximal growth of pigs fed MR.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.177-192
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• 1998

The early postpartum period is crucial toward in recovery from childbirth and attainment of the maternal role. Maternal role attainment is a complex social and cognitive process of stimulus-response accomplished by learning. Helping for maternal role attainment is one of nursing goals in the early postpartum period. Based on King's conceptual framework for nursing, this study was planned as descriptive correlation study to determine the significant differences of the degree of nursery room nurses' role performance according to several variables of personal, interpersonal, and working system of nurses in nursery room. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the planning of nursing care to help maternal role attainment of the early postpartum period of mothers and to the development of relevant nursing theory. The data were collected from Feb. 3 to 28 by questionnaires with 273 nurses in nursery room. The instruments for this study were consisted of four parts : 21 questions for rot performance of nurse. 37 questions for personal system of nurse including 31 questions for role perception of nurse : 65 questions for interpersonal system including 63 questions for job stress of nurses , 18 questions for working system of nurse. The toos to measure role performance and role perception, and job stress of nurse were tested for internal reliability. Cronbach's Alphas were 0.9612, 0.9058, and 0.9649. The data were analysed by using in S.A.S. computerized program and included percentage, t-test, ANOVA Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and Duncan multiple range test. The conclusions obtained from this study are summerized as follows : 1. The mean score of the items of role performance was 2.12(SD=0.55) in Likert's 4 points scale. 2. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to role perception(p=0.0001), age (p=0.006), educational background(p=0.002) , and certificate of midwife (p=0.03) among variables of personal system of subjects. 3. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to job stress (p=0.0001) and numbers of children(p=0.006) among variables of interpersonal system of subjects. 4. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to having opportunities for baby(p=0.03), the degree of flexibility to bring baby to mother's room(p=0.046), the scope of visitor for baby(p=0.016) , the degree of flexibility of visiting for baby (p=0.049) , the degree of participation of nurse in establishing visiting rules(p=0.017), existence and/or nonexistance of rules for breast feeding(p=0.010) , existence and/or nonexistance of education for breast feeding (p=0.009), existence and/or nonexistance of breast feeding room(p=0.013) , concert methods for breast feeding (p=0.003), working place (p=0.0001), and career(p=0.019) among variables of personal system of subjects.