• 대기
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.367-386
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• 2008

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was designed to identify the role of the Taebaek Mountains in the occurrence of heavy snowfall in Yeongdong area with a strong northeast wind on January 20-21, 2008. To this end, in addition to the control simulation with the realistic distribution of the Taebaek Mountains, a sensitivity experiment that removed the orography over the Taebaek Mountains was performed. The control simulation results showed that the resulting wind field and precipitation distribution were similar to what were observed. Results from the sensitivity experiment clearly demonstrates the presence of orographic lifting on the windward slope of the mountains. It is concluded that the altitude of the Taebaek Mountains is the main controlling factor in determining the distribution and amount of precipitation in the Yeongdong area for the case of heavy snowfall in January 2008.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1029-1041
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• 2013

In this study, eight episode days of high-concentration $PM_{10}$ occurrences in the Gimhae region between 2006 and 2011 were analyzed. Most of them appeared in winter and the highest concentration was observed around 12 LST. Furthermore, the wind direction, wind velocity, and temperature elements were compared with observed values to verify the WRF numerical simulation results used in this study, and they simulated well in accordance with the trend of the observed values. The wind was generally weak in the high-concentration episode days that were chosen through surface weather chart and the numerical simulation results for wind field, and the air pollutants were congested due to the effects of the resulting local winds, thereby causing a high concentration of air pollutants. Furthermore, the HYSPLIT model was performed with the WRF numerical simulation results as input data. As a result, they originated from China and flowed into Gimhae in all eight days, and the lowest concentration appeared on the days when recirculation occurred.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.493-507
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• 2017

Since the late 20th century, the urbanization in Korea has been rapidly increasing, especially in major cities like Seoul, as a result of industrialization. One of the aspects of urbanization is coating the surfaces with impervious concrete or asphalt that water cannot penetrate. In addition, various urban, such as urban heat islands, which also have a great impact on the urban environment, occur within the cities. Therefore, the urban environment is gradually becoming hot and dry, and the need for more urban parks to compensate for these negative impacts is growing. Thus, several numerical studies have been conducted to assess these problems using coupled Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). In this study, an experiment was conducted to determine the accuracy of the area of the input field using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and applying the more accurate input field to a numerical simulation using ENVI-met, in order to investigate the effect of urban parks on the thermal comfort. The results showed that an input field with a larger area is more accurate than that with a smaller area, because the surrounding terrain and cities are considered in details in the experiment with the larger area. Subsequently, the more accurate input field was used in ENVI-met, and the results of this simulation showed that the presence of the urban park increased the thermal comfort and improved the humidity conditions.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.460-475
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• 2015

A number of heavy rainfall events on the Korean Peninsula are indirectly influenced by tropical cyclones (TCs) when they are located in southeastern China. In this study, a heavy rainfall case in the middle Korean region is selected to examine the influence of typhoon simulation performance on predictability of remote rainfall over Korea as well as direct rainfall over Taiwan. Four different numerical experiments are conducted using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, toggling on and off two different improvements on typhoon in the model initial condition (IC), which are TC bogussing initialization and dropwindsonde observation data assimilation (DA). The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory TC initialization algorithm is implemented to generate the bogused vortex instead of the initial typhoon, while the airborne observation obtained from dropwindsonde is applied by WRF Three-dimensional variational data assimilation. Results show that use of both TC initialization and DA improves predictability of TC track as well as rainfall over Korea and Taiwan. Without any of IC improvement usage, the intensity of TC is underestimated during the simulation. Using TC initialization alone improves simulation of direct rainfall but not of indirect rainfall, while using DA alone has a negative impact on the TC track forecast. This study confirms that the well-suited TC simulation over southeastern China improves remote rainfall predictability over Korea as well as TC direct rainfall over Taiwan.

• 대기
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.309-322
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the high resolution topographies and landuses data on simulated meteorological variables (wind speed at 10 m, temperature at 2 m and relative humidity at 2 m) in WRF. We compare the results with WRF simulation using each resolution of the topographies and landuses, and with 37 AWS observation data on the Seoul metropolitan regions. According to results of using high-resolution topography, WRF model gives better topographical expression over domain. And we can separate more detail (Low intensity residential, high intensity residential, industrial or commercial) using high resolution landuses data. The result shows that simulated temperature and wind speed are generally higher than AWS observation data. However, simulation trend with temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity are similar to observation data. The reason for that is that the high precipitation event occurred in CASE 1 and 2. Temperature have correlation of 0.43~0.47 and standard deviation of $2.12{\sim}2.28^{\circ}C$ in CASE 1, while correlation of more than 0.8 and standard deviation of $3.05{\sim}3.18m\;s^{-1}$ in CASE 2. In case of wind speed, correlation have lower than 0.5 and Standard Deviation of $1.88{\sim}2.34m\;s^{-1}$ in CASE 1 and 2. In statistical analysis shows that using highest resolution (U01) results are more close to the AWS observation data. It can be concluded that the topographies and landuses are important factor that affect model simulation. However, the tendency to always use high resolution topographies and landuses data appears to be unjustified, and optimal solution depends on the combination of scale effect and mechanisms of dynamic models.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2011

Tugboats are widely used near harbors to assist with various operations such as the berthing and deberthing of very large vessels and the towing of barges. Capsizing accidents involving tugboats occasionally take place when the tugboat makes rapid turns in harsh weather conditions. When there is little evidence suggesting how the accident occurred and when the crew members are missing, it is necessary to predict the time history of the towing vessel’s attitude and trajectory from its departure point to when and where it capsized, depending on various input parameters using a numerical simulation. In this paper, the dynamics of a tugboat and a towed barge in conjunction with the external force and moment were established, and the possible input parameters and operational scenarios which might influence the large roll motion of the tugboat were identified. As a result of analyzing the simulated time history of the excessive roll motion of the tugboat, it was found that roll motion can take place when the tugboat is situated on the crest of a wave and when it is pulled by a towed barge through a towing line. The main cause of the accident would be the parameters that primarily influence such situations. These are the wave parameters, course changing scenario, and the amount of tension.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.553-566
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• 2015

수도권 지역의 고해상도 수치실험에 있어 연직 해상도와 대기경계층 모수화 방안의 효과를 조사하였다. WRF 모델을 이용하여 2013년 10월 25일 0000 UTC 부터 10월 26일 0000 UTC까지 수치 적분을 수행하였다. 수치 결과는 서울 남부에 위치한 선릉지역에서 관측된 6시간 간격의 라디오존데 자료와 서울지역의 43개 자동 기상 관측소 자료를 이용하여 검증하였다. 대기 하층의 연직해상도 비교 실험은 연직 44, 50, 60개의 층으로 구성되었으며, 특히 약 2 km고도 이하의 층을 세분화하였다. 연직 해상도가 가장 높은 60개층 실험에서 대기경계층 고도의 일 변동이 가장 뚜렷하게 나타났고, 특히 산악 지형과 같은 고지대에서는 대기경계층 고도와 10 m 바람장에서 연직해상도 실험 별 차이가 크게 나타났다. WRF 모델 내 ACM2, YSU, MYJ 대기경계층 모수화 방안에 따른 온도의 민감도 실험에서는 모든 실험수행 시간대에서 수치 모델 결과가 라디오존데 관측에 비교하여 온도를 과소 모의하였다. 지상 온도는 YSU 방안과 ACM2 방안이 MYJ 방안에 비해 상대적으로 편차가 낮게 나타났다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.273-286
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• 2021

In recent years, as human casualties and property damage caused by hazardous waves have increased in the East Sea, precise wave prediction skills have become necessary. In this study, the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) third-generation numerical wave model was calibrated and optimized to enhance the accuracy of winter storm wave prediction in the East Sea. We used Source Term 6 (ST6) and physical observations from a large-scale experiment conducted in Australia and compared its results to Komen's formula, a default in SWAN. As input wind data, we used Korean Meteorological Agency's (KMA's) operational meteorological model called Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System (RDAPS), the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts' newest 5th generation re-analysis data (ERA5), and Japanese Meteorological Agency's (JMA's) meso-scale forecasting data. We analyzed the accuracy of each model's results by comparing them to observation data. For quantitative analysis and assessment, the observed wave data for 6 locations from KMA and Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency (KHOA) were used, and statistical analysis was conducted to assess model accuracy. As a result, ST6 models had a smaller root mean square error and higher correlation coefficient than the default model in significant wave height prediction. However, for peak wave period simulation, the results were incoherent among each model and location. In simulations with different wind data, the simulation using ERA5 for input wind datashowed the most accurate results overall but underestimated the wave height in predicting high wave events compared to the simulation using RDAPS and JMA meso-scale model. In addition, it showed that the spatial resolution of wind plays a more significant role in predicting high wave events. Nevertheless, the numerical model optimized in this study highlighted some limitations in predicting high waves that rise rapidly in time caused by meteorological events. This suggests that further research is necessary to enhance the accuracy of wave prediction in various climate conditions, such as extreme weather.

• 대기
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.349-364
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• 2007

The main purpose of this study is to examine the sensitivity of the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) in the wind field to the steepness of mountains in the case with a strong downslope wind occurred in the Yeongdong province. We conducted WRF simulations for February 13 2006. The initial and boundary data are from the NCEP/NCAR $1^{\circ}{\times}1^{\circ}$ GDAS. Arbitrary terrains of the mountains with a symmetric orography and an asymmetric one with steeper leeward slope, were introduced to examine the sensitivity of the shape of the mountains. The simulation with an asymmetric terrain results in stronger maximum surface wind by about $10ms^{-1}$ than with a symmetric terrain, especially in the narrow region from the peak to ~ 4 km away in the downstream. However, the maximum surface wind speed is weaker by $20ms^{-1}$ than with a symmetric terrain away from the narrow peak region. This indicates that the steeper slope leads to the intensification of downslope wind in the narrower region leeward. In addition, for the simulation with an asymmetric terrain, the strength of wave breaking is greater and the Lee wave is more dominant than for that with a symmetric terrain.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.519-528
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• 2010

A meteorological model, RAMS, and a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, FLUENT are combined as a one-way off-line nested modeling system, namely, RAMS/FLUENT system. The system is experimentally applied in the wind simulation over a complex terrain, with which numerical simulations of wind field over Foyeding weather station located in the northwest mountainous area of Beijing metropolis are performed. The results show that the method of combining a meteorological model and a CFD model as a modeling system is reasonable. In RAMS/FLUENT system, more realistic boundary conditions are provided for FLUENT rather than idealized vertical wind profiles, and the finite volume method (FVM) of FLUENT ensures the capability of the modeling system on describing complex terrain in the simulation. Thus, RAMS/FLUENT can provide fine-scale realistic wind data over complex terrains.