• Title/Summary/Keyword: numerals

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Performance Improvement of a Movie Recommendation System using Genre-wise Collaborative Filtering (장르별 협업필터링을 이용한 영화 추천 시스템의 성능 향상)

  • Lee, Jae-Sik;Park, Seog-Du
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.65-78
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    • 2007
  • This paper proposes a new method of weighted template matching for machine-printed numeral recognition. The proposed weighted template matching, which emphasizes the feature of a pattern using adaptive Hamming distance on local feature areas, improves the recognition rate while template matching processes an input image as one global feature. Template matching is vulnerable to random noises that generate ragged outlines of a pattern when it is binarized. This paper offers a method of chain code trimming in order to remove ragged outlines. The method corrects specific chain codes within the chain codes of the inner and the outer contour of a pattern. The experiment compares confusion matrices of both the template matching and the proposed weighted template matching with chain code trimming. The result shows that the proposed method improves fairly the recognition rate of the machine-printed numerals.

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Feature Extraction and Recognition of Myanmar Characters Based on Deep Learning (딥러닝 기반 미얀마 문자의 특징 추출 및 인식)

  • Ohnmar, Khin;Lee, Sung-Keun
    • The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.977-984
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    • 2022
  • Recently, with the economic development of Southeast Asia, the use of information devices is widely spreading, and the demand for application services using intelligent character recognition is increasing. This paper discusses deep learning-based feature extraction and recognition of Myanmar, one of the Southeast Asian countries. Myanmar alphabet (33 letters) and Myanmar numerals (10 numbers) are used for feature extraction. In this paper, the number of nine features are extracted and more than three new features are proposed. Extracted features of each characters and numbers are expressed with successful results. In the recognition part, convolutional neural networks are used to assess its execution on character distinction. Its algorithm is implemented on captured image data-sets and its implementation is evaluated. The precision of models on the input data set is 96 % and uses a real-time input image.

A Study of the Personal Ornaments and Make-up of Maroccan (모로코인(人)의 장신구(裝身具)와 화장(化粧)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Soon-Hong
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.15-34
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    • 2001
  • Ornaments are accessories for the decoration of the body or dress. They aren't unavoidably required one, but serve to make one's dress perfect as decorative industrial art objects. In Morocco, ornaments were initially used as a sign of social position or the class or an incantatory symbol. In effect, they were originally employed to adjust one's dress, not just for decoration, and they were of use for household economy. Gold, silver and handcraft available for exchange were a means of increasing one's property and an indication of social standing and wealth. In particular, the dress and jewelry of a bride was a measure of her family's wealth, regarded as a symbol of her chastity and value. The ornaments symbolically back up people's faith in supernatural power, and their real value is based on implicit form or way of decoration, not the external shape. Specifically, there is a tendency to use the form of animal as a protector, not one to frighten people. In the artistic tradition of Morocco, fish pattern stands for water and rain, and eagle and bird are considered to be related to fate. Scorpion and lizard are depicted as an inquirer of sun, and snake is a symbol of abundance and sexual instinct, being viewed to have an ability to cure disease. Turtle pattern is a symbol of saint because it protects one from the evil. The ornaments are made of gold, silver, amber, clam, garnet, glass, nielle, enamel, glaze, coral or tree, and symbolic patterns are used, including hand(a symbol of five numerals), turtle, lizard, scorpion, eye, triangle, bird and eggs. They are very big and diverse, being categorized into ornaments for the head or the chest, neckless, fibula, earring, bracelet and ring. For Moroccans, make-up is a sort of instinctive behavior to meet aesthetic and sexual desire. They also wear make-up for practical purpose of protection, intentionally inflict a wound on the skin for ceremonial or religious purpose, paint the skin with pigment, or have the part of the body tattooed for incantatory purpose. All this actions are regarded as make-up. The raw material of cosmetics is aker, a vegetable dye. They get the lips or cheeks turn red and paint eyebrows with yellow saffran powder to have a bad devil lose its strength. Tattooing is mainly done by women and viewed as a sign of their value or social organization they belong to. Sometimes that is used to represent a woman's being old enough to marry or getting married already or the frequency of marriage. Besides, tattoo is believed to prevent or remedy loose bowels or cough, depending on its location or pattern, and they often change tattoo according to the change of beauty art.

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The characteristics of Pacioli's Bookkeeping (파치올리 부기론의 특성에 관한 고찰)

  • Yoon Seok-Gon
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.10 no.3 s.35
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    • pp.297-306
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    • 2005
  • Compendium of arithmetic, geometry, and proportions and proportionality' that was published in Venice in 1494 has been recognized as the first bookkeeping data in the world. Major characteristics of Pacioli's bookkeeping rules were reviewed in this study as follows: All the necessary particulars for double entry bookkeeping were provided in Pacioli's bookkeeping rules;. List of property was described at the time of start of business; Three major books were used; Details of daily transactions were considered to be important; Strike through was lined at each description in journal books, details of daily transactions, and list of property after entry of ledger; Amount columns were provided and Arabic numerals were used; Annual settlement custom was being initiated; Profit and loss account was prepared at year-end; Trial balance sheet was inevitably described; Books were verified prior to closing accounts; Control account was not established; Financial statements were not prepared and business analysis was made, too; Finished goods inventory was not adjusted; Mark was assigned to books; Inter-office account was prepared; Branch accounts and branch ledgers were prepared; There was entries of trust; Current arrangement was described; The principle 'Cost or market price, whichever is lower basis' was promoted: Petty cash system is explained Checks and bills of exchange are used in bank account. As mentioned, characteristics of Pacioli's bookkeeping rules were reviewed; the signs of necessity for preparation of profit and loss statement and balance sheet is found as well as preparation of trial balance sheet and the rules may be considered as a very excellent one in terms of the bookkeeping on initiating stage of double entry bookkeeping.

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Dependency-based Framework of Combining Multiple Experts for Recognizing Unconstrained Handwritten Numerals (무제약 필기 숫자를 인식하기 위한 다수 인식기를 결합하는 의존관계 기반의 프레임워크)

  • Kang, Hee-Joong;Lee, Seong-Whan
    • Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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    • v.27 no.8
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    • pp.855-863
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    • 2000
  • Although Behavior-Knowledge Space (BKS) method, one of well known decision combination methods, does not need any assumptions in combining the multiple experts, it should theoretically build exponential storage spaces for storing and managing jointly observed K decisions from K experts. That is, combining K experts needs a (K+1)st-order probability distribution. However, it is well known that the distribution becomes unmanageable in storing and estimating, even for a small K. In order to overcome such weakness, it has been studied to decompose a probability distribution into a number of component distributions and to approximate the distribution with a product of the component distributions. One of such previous works is to apply a conditional independence assumption to the distribution. Another work is to approximate the distribution with a product of only first-order tree dependencies or second-order distributions as shown in [1]. In this paper, higher order dependency than the first-order is considered in approximating the distribution and a dependency-based framework is proposed to optimally approximate the (K+1)st-order probability distribution with a product set of dth-order dependencies where ($1{\le}d{\le}K$), and to combine multiple experts based on the product set using the Bayesian formalism. This framework was experimented and evaluated with a standardized CENPARMI data base.

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Development of Valuation Framework for Estimating the Market Value of Media Contents (미디어 콘텐츠의 시장가치 산정을 위한 가치평가 프레임워크 개발)

  • Sung, Tae-Eung;Park, Hyun-Woo
    • Journal of Service Research and Studies
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.29-40
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    • 2016
  • Since the late 20th century, there has been much effort to improve the market value of media contents which are commercialized in a digital format, by fusing digital data of video, audio, numerals, characters with IT technology together. Then by what criteria and methodologies could the market value for the drama "Sons of the Sun" or the animated film 'Frozen', often referred to in the meida, be estimated? In the circumstances there has been little or no research on the valuation framework of media contents and the status of their valuation system development to date, we propose a practical valuation models for various purposes such as contents trading, review of investment adequacy, etc., by formalizing and presenting a contents valuation framework for the four types of media of movies, online games, and broadcasting commercials, and animations. Therefore, we develope computational methods of cash flows which includes production cost by media content types, provide reference databases associated with key variables of valuation (economic life cycle, discount rates, contents contribution and royalty rates), and finally propose the valuation framework of media contents based on both income approach and relief-from-royalty method which has been applied to valuation of intangible assets so far.