• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.106-113
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• 2000

본 논문은 다량우편물의 대부분을 차지하는 창이 있는 봉투와 최근 증가되고 있는 명도 값이 높은 색깔이 있는 우편봉투 영상에서 구조적 방법을 분석하여 수취인 주소 영역을 자동적으로 추출하고 추출된 영역에서 우편번호를 찾아 제안된 신경망으로 인식 및 검증할 수 있는 실용적인 시스템을 구현하였다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-56
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• 1996

In this paper,we design a verifier for unconstrained handwritten numerals using structural feature analysis,and use it as a comnination algorithm for multiple recognizers.The existing combination algorithms mainly use learnings,statistical methods,or probabilistic methods without considering structural features of numerals.That is why they cannot recognize some numerals which human can identify clearly.To overcome the shortcomings,we design one-to-one verifiers which compare and analyze the relative structural features between frequently confused numeral pairs,and apply them to combine multiple recongnizers.Structural features for verification consist of contour,direction al chain code,polygonal approximation,and zero crossing number of horizontal/vertical projections. We gained a 97.95% reliability with CENPARMI numeral data,and showed that some misconceived factors generated from typical combination algorithms can be removed.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.21-50
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• 1995

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.192-197
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• 1996

• Language and Information
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.47-65
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• 2006

In this paper I address the problems of defining the semantics of numerals and accounting for how pragmatic inferences are made. I basically assume that a numeral n simply means '${\lambda}P{\lambda}x[#(x)n\;&\;P(x)]$', as commonly assumed. Even when a numeral n has 'at least' interpretation, a sentence with the number does not entail a sentence with n replaced with n-1. But when a sentence with n-1 holds, it is possible that a sentence with n or a larger number holds too. This is not based on a semantic relation, but on pragmatic informativeness. In addition to pragmatic strength, the actual reading of a numeral is affected by some background knowledge of generalizations about the world, but the ordering of pragmatic strength among numbers always plays a role in determining unilateral interpretations. In such a case, we can assume that a set of numbers relevant in the context forms a scale. Forming a scale does not necessarily lead to a unilateral interpretation. The bilateral interpretation of a number is possible in the context where it is known whether or not alternative sentences with contextually salient alternative numbers are true.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.27
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• pp.319-346
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• 2012

The idiom is the fixed phrase with the traits of stable patterns, habitual uses, historic and ethnical characteristics. The numeral is categorized under the substantial, it represents the quantity or sequence, it can be divided into cardinal numerals and ordinal numerals. Although a considerable of the Korean numeral idioms generated from Chinese numeral idioms, however, due to various factors such as different historical background, customs, and language structure, in the long term, Korean and Chinese numeral idioms formed different characteristics in many aspects. This paper mostly examines the outside form of numeral idioms in Korean and Chinese. The aim is to summarize the different system of Korean and Chinese by analyzing the rules of the numeral idioms in Korean and Chinese.

• JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORLD
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• no.3 s.8
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• pp.18-22
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• 1976

This essay will introduce that how the Korean and Japanese numerals have been developed from the same ancient original words. It would be a big interest for many people who have interested in knowing the origin of Japanese language of which many Japanese

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.915-925
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• 1996

In this paper, in order to find effective features which can handle variations in off-line handwritten numerals, we performed a comparative study on various sets of features. Results of experimental performance comparison shows that 4- directional features using contours and features which combined cross distance, cross, mesh and projection features are very effective for off-line handwritten numerals recognition in terms of recognition rates and recognition time. And in order to surmount limitation of recognition rate by a single neural network. we proposed a modularized neural network using majority voting and reliability factor with complex feature that mix effective features together. In order to verify the performance of the proposed method, the handwritten numeral databases of Concordia University of Canada and Dong-A University of Korea are used in the experiments. With the database of Concordia University, the recognition rate of 97.1%, the rejection rate of 1.5%, the error rate of 1.4% and the reliability of 98.5% are obtained ; and with the database of Dong-A University, there cognition rate of 98%, the rejection rate of 1.2%, the error rate of 0.8%, the reliability o99.1% are obtained.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.136-142
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• 2007

Recent researches in the recognition system have shown that SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifiers often have superior recognition rates in comparison to other classifiers. In this paper, we present the handwritten numeral recognition algorithm using SVM classifiers. The numeral features used in our algorithm are mesh features, directional features by Kirsch operators and concavity features, where first two features represent the foreground information of numerals and the last feature represents the background information of numerals. These features are complements each of the other. Since SVM is basically a binary classifier, it is required to construct and combine several binary SVMs to get the multi-class classifiers. We use two strategies for implementing multi-class SVM classifiers: "one against one" and "one against the rest", and examine their performances on the features used. The efficiency of our method is tested by the CENPARMI handwritten numeral database, and the recognition rate of 98.45% is achieved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1999.10b
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• pp.187-189
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• 1999

여러 가지 형태로 표현되는 수사어절을 아라비아 숫자로 구성된 표준형으로 변환하기 위하여 수사어절을 인식하는 알고리즘과 수사어절을 표준형으로 변환하는 수사어절 정규화 알고리즘을 제안한다. 띄어쓴 수사어절은 전처리 단계에서 수사어절 인식 알고리즘을 이용하여 한 어절로 결합한다.