• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.242-246
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• 1998

These studies were Performed to provide some basic informations for developing an automatic system in dairy farming in order that the farmers may easily and automatically detect the mastitis. Electrical conductivity of each milk sample was measured by micro-ohm meter and also the number of somatic cell was detected by somecounter. The major microorganisms causing mastitis were also investigated. The rate of infected cattle with mastitis was 33.0% among 2,540 dairy cattle and the rate of infected quarters with mastitis was 13.9 % among 9.660 quarters. When the number of somatic cell was under lost electrical conductivity of the milk was 0.073, whereas number of somatic cell was over $3{\times}10^{6}$, electrical conductivity was increased by 0.167. When electrical conductivity of milk was over 0.073, the cattle was diagnosised as mastitis. The major micmorganisms of mastitis were Staphylococcus spp. (55-60%) and Streptococcus spp. (15-20%).

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.663-670
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• 1987

In order to investigate the rate of clinical mastitis and the average number of somatic cell in a milk, the number of somatic cell in the milk counted from 82 normal Holstein cows in the area of Kyungi-Do. And the chemical values of blood were examined fr

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1993

Samples of bulk herd milk, foremilk, last milk (stripping) and individual cow sample were collected and their somatic cell number were counted with Fossomatic counter (FCC), Coulter counter(CC), direct microscopic somatic cell count(DMSCC) and Califormia mastitis test (CMT), The results were compared and summarized as follows : 1. Mean somatic cell counts of 120 bulk herd milk samples obtained by DMSCC, FCC and CC were 433,203, 481,213 and 676,245 respectively. 2. Mean somatic cell counts of 116 foremilk samples obtained by DMSCC, FCC and CC were 515,035, 611,845 and 725,051 respectively 3. Mean somatic cell counts of 87 last milk samples obtained by DMSCC, FCC and CC were 718,506, 839,874 and 1,041,160 respectively. 4. Mean somatic cell counts of 57 individual cow samples obtained by DMSCC, FCC and CC were 449,258, 491,018 and 521,315 respectively. 5. Mean somatic cell counts of all samples increased with the increasing CMT score, and the cell counts were higher by CC than by FCC. 6. The correlation coefficients between the somatic cell counts by CMT and CC were 0.926 in bulk herd milk, 0.707 in foremilk 0.688 in last milk and 0.675 in individual cow sample, respectively 7. The correlation coefficients between the somatic cell counts by CMT and FCC were 0. 945 in bulk herd milk, 0.705 in foremilk 0.694 in last milk and 0.727 in individual cow sample, respectively. 8. The correlation coefficients between the somatic cell counts by CC and FCC were 0.978 in bulk herd milk, 0.997 in foremilk 0.983 in last milk and 0.985 in individual cow sample, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.738-742
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• 2003

The monitoring was carried out for one year on 20 farms of Mediterranean buffalo situated in central Italy. The milk yield, the somatic cell count, the coagulating properties and some components were determined. The average value of somatic cells was $21.28n{\times}10^3/ml$. Milk production decreased when somatic cell numbers increased. The rennet clotting time increased significantly when somatic cells were higher than $300.00n{\times}10^3/ml$, the curd firming time was significantly higher when somatic cells were more than $1,000.00n{\times}10^3/ml$ and the curd firmness increased up to $200.00n{\times}10^3$/ml, then gradually decreased. Protein and casein decreased when somatic cells increased and the same trend was shown by casein/protein ratio. Both for these components and the coagulating properties the threshold limit of somatic cells to obtain better results was $200.00n{\times}10^3/ml$. The somatic cell number did not show a trend which was strictly influenced by the lactation stage, contrary to what happened in the other species.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2015

The number of wild animal species is gradually decreasing due to poaching, hunting and habitat loss. While several endangered animal species have been successfully preserved at the zoo, assisted reproductive technology (ART) must be applied to restore wild animals. In the case of critically endangered animals, somatic cell cloning is considered the most appropriate method of ART. Somatic cell cloning can be beneficial for the reproduction of endangered species with limited female populations. However, gene and cell banks, and understanding of reproductive physiology and optimization of ART for wild animals are urgently required for further activation of artificial reproduction of endangered species, which enlarges its application and maintains biodiversity. Care should also be taken to consider ethical and legal issues associated with somatic cell cloning for conservation of endangered animals.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.177-181
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• 2007

In the present study, a total of 547 half milk samples were collected from 274 dairy goats to perform somatic cell counts (SCC) and California mastitis test (CMT). Milk smear was stained with Pyronin Y-Methyl Green stain were classified into either epithelial or blood cells, etc. Of the 547 halves the percentage of CMT negative milk samples were 86%. Among these, 58.2% were CMT negative with SCC<500,000/ml, while 27.8% were CMT negative with SCC>500,000 ml. As expected, CMT score increased with the increase of SCC. The number of epithelial cells decreased with the increasing number of somatic cells, while the opposite was observed with the number of blood cells. These results indicate that the critical point in milk quality & CMT should be considered on the false (pseudo-SC) SCC in dairy goat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

Large quantities of high-quality recipient oocytes with uniform cytoplasm are needed for research in the promising field of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and embryonic stem cell research. In canines, however, it is difficult to obtain large quantities of oocytes because each donor produces a limited number of mature oocytes in vivo. Although in vitro maturation (IVM) is considered an alternative approach to oocyte production, this technique is still too rudimentary to be used for the production of highquality, uniform oocytes in large quantities. One technique for overcoming this difficulty is to use oocytes obtained from different species. This technique is known as interspecies SCNT (iSCNT). This review provides an overview of recent advances in canine - porcine interspecies SCNT.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.244-248
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• 2005

This study was conducted to survey the relationship between the somatic cell count (SCC), and California mastitis test (CMT) & mastitis. A total of 328 quarter milk samples were collected from 211 cows suspected to have mastitis; Both SCC and CMT were performed on the samples. Milk smear was stained with Broadhurst and Paley stain and the cells were classified into either epithelial or blood cells. Bacterial isolation was made and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested. Of the 328 quarters, 78 ($23.8{\%}$) were CMT negative with SCC <750,000/ml. As expected, CMT score increased with the increase of SCC. The number of epithelial cells decreased with the increasing number of somatic cells, while the opposite was the case with the number of blood cells. The critical point was when the SCC reached 1,000,000/ml. Up to 1,000,000 cells/ml, the number of epithelial cells was greater than that of blood cells. The results indicate that when epithelia:blood cell ratio is 58.1:41.9, the milking line should be checked and bacterial isolation be performed on the samples in order to identity mastitis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.648-656
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to establish conditions for transfection of a foreign gene into somatic cells using cationic lipid reagents and to evaluate the effects of transfection on in vitro development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was used as a foreign gene and a non-transfected somatic cell was utilized as a control karyoplast. Monolayers of porcine cells were established and subsequently transfected with a GFP-expressing gene (pEGFP-N1) using three types of transfection reagents (LipofectAMINE PLUS, FuGENE 6 or ExGen500). Donor cells used for SCNT included transfected fetal or adult fibroblasts and oviduct epithelial cells, either serum-fed or serum-starved. Oocytes matured in vitro for 42 h were reconstructed with either transfected or non-transfected porcine somatic cells by electric fusion and activation using a single DC pulse of 1.8 kV/cm for $30{\mu}s$ in $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}-containing$ 0.26 M mannitol solution. Reconstructed oocytes were subsequently cultured in NCSU-23 medium for 168 h and the developmental competence and cell number in blastocyst were compared. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in fusion, cleavage rates or development to the blastocyst stage between non-transfected, transfected, serum-fed and serum-starved cells. However, the rates of GFP-expressing blastocysts were higher in the FuGENE 6 group (71.4%) among transfection reagents and in the fetal fibroblasts group (70.4%) for donor cells. These results indicate that fetal fibroblasts transfected with FuGENE 6 can be used as donor cells for porcine SCNT and that GFP gene can be safely used as a marker of foreign genes in porcine transgenesis.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1996

배발생 캘러스의 선발은 1.0mg/L 2,4-D를 첨가한 MS 기본배지에서 배양한 당근 유식물의 배축절편으로부터 유도된 캘러스에서 이뤄졌다. 체세포배 발생을 유도하기 위해서 배발생 캘러스로부터 얻어진 세포괴는 2,4-D를 제거한 MS 배지에 옮겼다. 세포괴를 1.0mg/L 2,4-D 첨가배지에서 1주간 그리고 2,4-D 제거 배지에서 2주간 배양한 후에 2자엽배의 발생은 63%에 그쳤고 나머지는 1자엽 5%, 3자엽 21%, 4자엽 6%, 5자엽 5%, 6자엽 0.2% 및 나팔형 자엽 1%의 발생빈도를 나타냈다. 체세포배의 발아율은 다자엽 체세포배에서 보다 2자엽 배에서 높았다. 나팔형 자엽의 체세포배는 경엽부 발생없이 자엽과 뿌리가 다소 신장 확대되는데 그치는 등 정상적으로 발아되지 못했다. 해부학적인 관찰에서 체세포배의 뿌리와 환상 전형성층은 배축의 중간부위에서 분지되기 시작하고 자엽절을 거쳐서 자엽으로 이어지는데 배축에서 전형성층속은 자엽수와 같은 수였다. 1자엽 체세포배는 다자엽 체세포배의 각각의 자엽보다 크고 전형성층과 함께 말굽형 자엽을 가지고 있었다. 따라서 체세포배의 자엽구조는 전형성층 배열상태와 밀접한 관련이 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.