• Title/Summary/Keyword: nuclear quadrupole resonance

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Solid state MAS NMR Investigation on the Local Structures of xV2O5-B2O3-yNa2O Glasses

  • Kim, Sun-Ha;Han, Oc-Hee;Kang, Jae-Pil;Song, Seung-Ki
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.608-612
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    • 2009
  • The local structures of the boron and vanadium sites in the ternary glass $xV_2O_5-B_2O_3-yNa_2O$ were studied by $^{11}B\;and\;^{51}V$ magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). With increasing x, the mole ratios of the $BO_3\;and\;BO_4$ structures were enhanced, as were the quadrupole asymmetry parameters for the $BO_3$ structures, while the quadrupole coupling constants for the sites were reduced. However, the opposite trends were observed with increasing y, implying that $V_2O_5$ and $Na_2O$ play opposite roles. The $VO_4,\;VO_5\;and\;VO_6$ structures with all oxygens bonded to the vanadium neighbors were identified. Vanadiums bonded to the greater number of oxygens were more populated at higher contents of $Na_2O\;and\;V_2O_5$. In addition, the $VO_4$ structures with at least one oxygen bonded to boron instead of vanadium were detected at low $Na_2O$ contents. The electron densities of various vanadium oxide structures were affected by the weight densities and vanadium ion densities. The $VO_4$ structures were more likely to be vanadium oxide structures right next to $V4^{+}$ ions.

Advanced Technology Trends in Development of Land-Mine Detection Systems

  • Hwang, Sun-Tae;Park, Kil-Oung
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.349-354
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    • 2001
  • While the United Nations UN) agencies work to restrict the manufacture, sale, and use of land-mines worldwide, a massive clean-up effort is needed to find and destroy the estimated 100 million land-mines still buried around the world. Land-mines left behind from wars worldwide are one of the past century's main unsolved problems of war and remain the focus of humanitarian land-mine detection and removal primarily in Europe, Africa, Asia and Central and South America. For example, approximately 1 million anti-personnel mines and other various kinds which have been buried in the 249.4 km (155 miles) demilitarized zone (DMZ) of the Korean peninsular should be completely removed in historical process of the peaceful unification between South and North Korea. In this regard, the current trends of technologies linked to land-mine detection systems are surveyed.

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Landmine Recognition System using principal component analysis (주성분 분석법을 이용한 지뢰인식 시스템)

  • Yi, Doe-Heon;Shin, Young-Suk
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2007.06c
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    • pp.427-431
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    • 2007
  • 차세대 지뢰탐지 기술로는 NQR(Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance, 핵4중극자공명), GPR(Ground Penetrating Radar, 지상 침투 레이더)등 이 연구 및 개발 중 이다. 현재 우리나라에서도 이중 GPR을 차세대 지뢰탐지 기술로 연구중에 있다. 그렇지만 지금까지 개발된 GPR 기술을 적용한 지뢰탐지기는 얻어진 2차원 영상에 대해서 육안에 의한 식별만이 가능하여 지뢰 식별이 장시간 소요된다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 그러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 주성분 분석법을 적용하여 해결하고, 제안된 시스템이 가능한지 확인하기 위해 유사한 실험 환경을 구성하고, 얻어진 영상을 학습시켜 실제로 얻어진 영상에 대한 분류가 가능한지를 확인하였다.

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$^{63}Cu$ NQR Study of the Anisotropy in $YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7}$ ($YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7}$의 비등방성에 관한 $^{63}Cu$ 핵사중극공명 연구)

  • B. Chang;Cheol-Eui Lee
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.48-51
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    • 1994
  • We have studied the room temperature anisotropy in the high $T_{c}$ superconductor $YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7}$ by means of the $^{63}Cu$ nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR). For the magnetically oriented powder samples, NQR signals were obtained only when the RF magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the direction of the crystalline c-axis. Significant differences in the spin-lattice relaxation times ($T_{1}$) and the lineshapes were observed between the unoriented powder sample and the magnetically oriented sample.

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Cesium NMR in a Paramagnetic $CsMnCl_{3}$ Single Crystal (상자성체 $CsMnCl_{3}$ 단결정에서 $^{133}Cs$ 핵자기공명 연구)

  • Tae-Jong Han
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.184-187
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    • 1994
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance of $^{133}Cs$ in a $CsMnCl_{3}$ single crystal grown by the Czochralski method has been investigated by employing a Bruker FT NMR spectrometer. The $^{133}Cs$ resonance of two different groups were recorded. Various transitions belonging to two cesium spectra of a different intensity ratio are analyzed. The quadrupole coupling constant of Cs(I) is $0.15{\pm}0.01$ MHz, and that of Cs(II) is $0.21{\pm}0.01$ MHz. The anisotropy parameter is zero for both. The principal axes of the EFG tensors for these two sites are found to be the same. The Z axis, conventionally the largest component of the EFG tensor, is parallel to the crystallographic c-axis.

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Zn and Ni Doping Effects on Antiferromagneticv Spin Fluctuation in YBa$_2Cu_3O_7$ (Zn와 Ni의 치환이 YBa$_2Cu_3O_7$의 반강자성적 스핀요동에 주는 효과)

  • Han, Ki-Seong;Mean, Byeong-Jin;Lee, Kyu-Hong;Seo, Seung-Won;Kim, Do-Hyeong;Lee, Moo-Hee;Lee, Won-Chun;Cho, Jeong-Suk
    • 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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    • v.9
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    • pp.247-250
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    • 1999
  • We have performed $^{63,65}$Cu nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) measurements on Zn and Ni doped YBa$_2Cu_3O_7$ (YBa$_2Cu_{3-x}M_xO_7$, M=Zn or Ni, x = 0.00 ${\sim}$ 0.09). Doping effects are markedly different in relaxation rates as well as in superconducting transition temperatures. Both the spin-lattice and the spin-spin relaxation rates decrease for Zn doped YBCO. However, those increase for Ni doped YBCO. This contrast in local electronic dynamics provides a clear microscopic evidence that Zn forms no local moment, while Ni develops a local moment. Consequently, the antiferromagnetic spin fluctuation is suppressed by Zn doping whereas it is preserved by Ni doping.

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Temperature Dependence of $^{23}Na$ NMR in a $NaMnCl_{3}$ Single Crystal ($NaMnCl_{3}$ 단결정에서 $^{23}Na$ 핵자기공명의 온도 의존성)

  • Ae Ran Lim;Ji Eun Kim;Tae Jong Han
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.175-178
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    • 1995
  • The temperature dependence of $^{23}Na$ nuclear magnetic resonance in a $NaMnCl_{3}$ single crystal grown by the Czochralski method has been investigated by employing a Bruker FT NMR spectrometer operating at 4.7 T. The quadrupole coupling constant of $^{23}Na$ in $NaMnCl_{3}$ increases as the temperature increases. The temperature dependence of $e^{2}qQ/h$ may be fitted with a linear equation of the form $e^{2}qQ/h=155+0.117(T-T_{r})\;kHz$ for the temperature range of 140-380 K.

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Simulation of 27Al MQMAS NMR Spectra of Mordenites Using Point Charge Model with First Layer Only and Multiple Layers of Atoms

  • Chae, Seen-Ae;Han, Oc-Hee;Lee, Sang-Yeon
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.28 no.11
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    • pp.2069-2074
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    • 2007
  • The 27Al multiple quantum magic angle spinning (MQMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of mordenite zeolites were simulated using the point charge model (PCM). The spectra simulated by the PCM considering nearest neighbor atoms only (PCM-n) or including atoms up to the 3rd layer (PCM-m) were not different from those generated by the Hartree-Fock (HF) molecular orbital calculation method. In contrast to the HF and density functional theory methods, the PCM method is simple and convenient to use and does not require sophisticated and expensive computer programs along with specialists to run them. Thus, our results indicate that the spectral simulation of the 27Al MQMAS NMR spectra obtained with the PCM-n is useful, despite its simplicity, especially for porous samples like zeolites with large unit cells and a high volume density of pores. However, it should be pointed out that this conclusion might apply only for the atomic sites with small quadrupole coupling constants.

Biosurfactant as a microbial pesticide

  • Lee, Baek-Seok;Choi, Sung-Won;Choi, Ki-Hyun;Lee, Jae-Ho;Kim, Eun-Ki
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2003.04a
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    • pp.40-44
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    • 2003
  • Soil-borne infectious disease including Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani causes severe damage to plants, such as cucumber. This soil-borne infectious disease was not controlled effectively by chemical pesticide. Since these diseases spread through the soil, chemical agents are usually ineffective. Instead, biological control, including antagonistic microbe can be used as a preferred control method. An efficient method was developed to select an antagonistic strain to be used as a biological control agent strain. In this new method, surface tension reduction potential of an isolate was included in the ‘decision factor’ in addition to the other factors, such as growth rate, and pathogen inhibition rate. Considering these 3 decision factors by a statistical method, an isolate from soil was selected and was identified as Bacillus sp. GB16. In the pot test, this strain showed the best performance among the isolated strains. The lowest disease incidence rate and fastest seed growth was observed when Bacillus sp. GB16 was used. Therefore this strain was considered as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The action of surface tension reducing component was deduced as the enhancement of wetting, spreading, and residing of antagonistic strain in the rhizosphere. This result showed that new selection method was significantly effective in selecting the best antagonistic strain for biological control of soil-borne infectious plant pathogen. The antifungal substances against P. aphanidermatum and R. solani were partially purified from the culture filtrates of Bacillus sp. GB16. In this study, lipopeptide possessing antifungal activity was isolated from Bacillus sp. GB16 cultures by various purification procedures and was identified as a surfactin-like lipopeptide based on the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high performance liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS), and quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) ESI-MS/MS data. The lipopeptide, named GB16-BS, completely inhibited the growth of Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani, Penicillium sp., and Botrytis cineria at concentrations of 10 and 50 mg/L, respectively. A novel method to prevent the foaming and to provide oxygen was developed. During the production of surface active agent, such as lipopeptide (surfactin), large amount of foam was produced by aeration. This resulted in the carryover of cells to the outside of the fermentor, which leads to the significant loss of cells. Instead of using cell-toxic antifoaming agents, low amount of hydrogen peroxide was added. Catalase produced by cells converted hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. Also addition of corn oil as an oxygen vector as well as antifoaming agent was attempted. In addition, Ca-stearate, a metal soap, was added to enhance the antifoam activity of com oil. These methods could prevent the foaming significantly and maintained high dissolved oxygen in spite of lower aeration and agitation. Using these methods, high cell density, could be achieved with increased lipopeptide productivity. In conclusion to produce an effective biological control agent for soil-borne infectious disease, following strategies were attempted i) effective screening of antagonist by including surface tension as an important decision factor ii) identification of antifungal compound produced from the isolated strain iii) novel oxygenation by $H_2O_2-catalase$ with vegetable oil for antifungal lipopeptide production.

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Utilization of [6]-gingerol as an origin discriminant marker influencing melanin inhibitory activity relative to its content in Pinellia ternata (반하(Pinellia ternata)에서의 [6]-gingerol 함량과 멜라닌 저해 활성에 영향을 미치는 원산지 판별 마커로의 활용)

  • An, Ju Hyeon;Won, Hyo Jun;Seo, Soo-Kyung;Kim, Doo-Young;Ku, Chang-Sub;Oh, Sei-Ryang;Ryu, Hyung Won
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.59 no.4
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    • pp.323-330
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    • 2016
  • Pinellia ternata Breitenbach, the natural medicinal plant of the Araceae family, is a perennial plant originated from the East Asia, but also widely distributed in Europe and North America. Its tuber is used as traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases such as vomiting, inflammation, and traumatic injury. Pharmacological studies revealed that P. ternata possesses anticonvulsant, anti-tumor, insecticidal, and cytotoxic activities. Despite being well-known as the useful medicinal plant, there is no reliable, standardized method for origin discrimination. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector and quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry based metabolite-profiling was applied to explore significant metabolite for origin discrimination between Korean and Chinese P. ternata. One compound was isolated from Korean P. ternata using repeated ODS column chromatography by bioactivity guided fractionation, and determined as [6]-gingerol according to the results of spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance and MS. This compound was selected as cosmeceutical biomarker by fingerprints, and it was associated to melanin inhibitory effect determining its origin authenticity. Furthermore, the calibration curve of biomarker was prepared using validated method for the comparison of content between Korean and Chinese P. ternata. This is the report to address the selection and successful validation of the discriminant metabolite for confirmation of Korean P. ternata.