• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2016

해양 탄성파 탐사를 통해 취득한 자료에는 지하 매질에서 반사되어 오는 신호뿐만 아니라 해수면에서 되반사되어 발생하는 고스트가 존재한다. 고스트는 특정 주파수 성분을 약화시켜 탄성파 자료의 시간 해상도를 저하시킨다. 고스트를 효과적으로 제거하기 위해서는 정확한 고스트의 지연시간과 해수면의 반사계수가 요구된다. 고스트 지연시간은 해수면의 상하 움직임, 에어건과 스트리머의 움직임 및 벌림(offset) 거리 등에 의해 변하며, 해수면의 반사계수도 주파수, 평면파의 입사각 그리고 해상 상태에 따라 변한다. 이러한 영향을 고려한 고스트 지연시간을 추정하기 위하여 이 연구에서는 고스트 제거 트레이스 및 이의 자기상관 자료의 L-1 norm, L-2 norm 그리고 첨도(kurtosis)를 비교하였다. 자기상관자료의 L-1 norm을 계산하여 고스트 지연시간을 추정하는 것이 오차가 가장 적게 발생하였다. 현장자료의 파고를 고려하고 키르히호프 근사식을 이용하여 해수면의 반사계수를 계산하여 음원 및 수신기 고스트 제거에 적용하였다. 고스트를 제거함으로써 약화된 주파수 성분을 복원하였으며 시간 해상도가 향상된 구조보정 단면을 얻었다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 체계적 고찰을 통해 노인의 삼킴 단계별 삼킴 기능을 평가하기 위해 표면 근전도 검사를 적용한 방법을 분석하여, 임상에서 노인의 삼킴 단계를 객관적으로 측정할 수 있도록 돕고자 하였다. 2011 ~ 2021년까지 Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS)를 활용하여 선정기준에 부합하는 연구 7편을 선정하였다. 본 연구 결과, 노인과 성인을 실험군과 대조군으로 나누어서 분석하거나 노인만을 대상으로 삼킴단계를 표면근전도검사를 이용하여 분석하였다. 구강단계와 인두단계의 삼킴을 평가하기 위해 표면 근전도 검사를 사용하였으며, 표면 근전도 부착 부위는 각 단계별 관여하는 삼킴 근육에 부착하였다. 수집된 근전도 데이터는 대역통과필터와 노치필터를 사용하여 필터링되었고, 제곱평균제곱근, 진폭, 최대자발적 수축을 사용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 표면 근전도 검사가 단계별 삼킴 기능을 객관적이고 정량적으로 평가할 수 있는 도구로 사용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구가 단계별 삼킴기능을 평가하기 위해 표면 근전도 검사를 융합한 다양한 연구를 활성화시킬 수 있기를 기대한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.2008-2020
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary corn resistant starch (RS) on the intestinal morphology and barrier functions of broilers. Methods: A total of 320 one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 5 dietary treatments: one normal corn-soybean (NC) diet, one corn-soybean-based diet supplementation with 20% corn starch (CS), and 3 corn-soybean-based diets supplementation with 4%, 8%, and 12% corn resistant starch (RS) (identified as 4% RS, 8% RS, and 12% RS, respectively). Each group had eight replicates with eight broilers per replicate. After 21 days feeding, one bird with a body weight (BW) close to the average BW of their replicate was selected and slaughtered. The samples of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum digesta, and blood were collected. Results: Birds fed 4% RS, 8% RS and 12% RS diets showed lower feed intake, BW gain, jejunal villus height (VH), duodenal crypt depth (CD), jejunal VH/CD ratio, duodenal goblet cell density as well as mucin1 mRNA expressions compared to the NC group, but showed higher concentrations of cecal acetic acid and butyric acid, percentage of jejunal proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells and delta like canonical Notch ligand 4 (Dll4), and hes family bHLH transcription factor 1 mRNA expressions. However, there were no differences on the plasma diamine oxidase activity and D-lactic acid concentration among all groups. Conclusion: These findings suggested that RS could suppress intestinal morphology and barrier functions by activating Notch pathway and inhibiting the development of goblet cells, resulting in decreased mucins and tight junction mRNA expression.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.521-528
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• 2010

Purpose: Anatomical reduction of the fractured condylar process is an important prerequisite for re-establishing function. The authors reported about effectiveness of transoral approach for mandibular subcondyle fracture using trochar device in cases that the fracture line is below the reference line, the perpendicular line of the longitudinal axis of condylar process passing the lowest point of sigmoid notch. As a serial study, we report the open reduction via preauricular approach for mandibular condyle fracture, in cases that the fracture line is above the reference line. Patients and Methods: Sixteen condylar fractures of 15 adult patients were divided two groups and treated by open reduction via preauricular approach (8 cases) or by closed reduction (8 cases). The degree of maximal mouth opening, occlusion, anatomical reduction, condylar resorption and complications were assessed and evaluated for the two groups. Results: The open reduction of condyle via preauricular approach leads to good results without permanent complications. Anatomical reduction of open reduction group and maximal mouth opening range of the closed reduction group is significantly better than the other group. No significant differences were found in the condylar resorption and the occlusion. Conclusion: The preauricular approach was useful to reduce and fix the condylar fragment, in cases that the fracture line is above the reference line.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2007

After Tennison introduced a triangular flap method which, for the first time, preserved the Cupid's bow, Randall gave this method a sound mathematical basis. This method is also called as an inferior triangular cheiloplasty which is characterized by making a small triangular flap from the lateral border of cleft destined to be fitted into an incision on the medial side of cleft. He postulated that the height obtained was equal to the sum of the median of the two triangles used in the cheiloplasty. Using this technique, a 22 month-old male patient with incomplete unilateral cleft lip was corrected primarily. The deviation of the columella and flattening of the nostril on the cleft side were minimal. The operation was done under general anesthesia and patient was healed uneventfully. We tried to improve the symmetry and esthetic feature of philtrum, nostril sill, alar-facial groove, preventing the notch formation on the nostril floor, and to reconstruct the muscle sling in the upper part of lip. The shape of Cupid's bow was restored, and the symmetry of columella was regained as a result. In summary, the inferior triangular cheiloplasty is effective to correct the primary unilateral cleft lip, results in the restoration of favorable anatomy and function.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2008

The outcome of primary surgery for cleft lip is judged by its effects on the quality of oro-facial function and development. Many surgical techniques have been tried to obtain better results, however, Delaire introduced a technique of functional closure of the lip and nose, based on the findings of no true hypoplasia in the tissues either side of the cleft. In a seven-month-old Asian male patient with unilateral incomplete cleft lip, we carried out the primary closure by modified Delaire's technique. With no alveolar bone graft, the vertical incision on the nasal base was omitted in this patient because of his acceptable symmetry of nose. Also, a small Z plasty was added on the non-cleft side. The V-shaped incisions, whose notch was located on each side of the red vermilion, were designed and beveled incisions were performed for the rehabilitation of lip length and thickness, considering the postoperative wound contracture. We assured that this modification of Delaire's technique could be applied for various cases of primary closure of incomplete cleft lip.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.330-336
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• 2014

Thymosin beta4 (TB4) has multiple functions in cellular response in processes as diverse as embryonic organ development and the pathogeneses of disease, especially those associated with cardiac coronary vessels. However, the specific roles played by TB4 during heart valve development in vertebrates are largely unknown. Here, we identified a novel function of TB4 in endothelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in cardiac valve endocardial cushions in zebrafish. The expressions of thymosin family members in developing zebrafish embryos were determined by whole mount in situ hybridization. Of the thymosin family members only zTB4 was expressed in the developing heart region. Cardiac valve development at 48 h post fertilization was defected in zebrafish TB4 (zTB4) morpholino-injected embryos (morphants). In zTB4 morphants, abnormal linear heart tube development was observed. The expressions of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4, notch1b, and hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS) 2 genes were also markedly reduced in atrio-ventricular canal (AVC). Endocardial cells in the AVC region were stained with anti-Zn5 antibody reactive against Dm-grasp (an EMT marker) to observe EMT in developing cardiac valves in zTB4 morphants. EMT marker expression in valve endothelial cells was confirmed after transfection with TB4 siRNA in the presence of transforming growth factor ${\beta}$ ($TGF{\beta}$) by RT-PCR and immunofluorescent assay. Zn5-positive endocardial AVC cells were not observed in zTB4 morphants, and knockdown of TB4 suppressed TGF-${\beta}$-induced EMT in ovine valve endothelial cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TB4 plays a pivotal role in cardiac valve formation by increasing EMT.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.501-510
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• 2000

초음파 에코파형의 시간-주파수해석법으로 Wigner 분포와 웨이브렛 변환 등과 같은 새로운 신호처리 기법이 비파괴평가 분야에 널리 응용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 웨이브렛 변환(wavelet transform)에 의한 음속과 감쇠계수의 주파수의존성과 초음파 결함신호의 잡음제거의 유용성 유무를 실험적으로 검증하였다. Gabor 함수를 웨이브렛의 기본함수로 사용하였다. 초음파의 에코파형에 포함된 각 주파수성분의 속도와 감쇠계수의 주파수의존성을 추정할 수 있었으며, 초음파탐상에서 결함의 검출능 향상과 결함크기 산정의 정량화에 접근하기 위해 웨이브렛 변환에 의한 S/N비 신호처리 시뮬레이션 결과를 오스테나이트강 스테인레스 용접부에 가공한 EDM 노치의 초음파 결함신호에 적용한 결과 임상에코를 저감하고 S/N비를 개선하는 것이 가능하였다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2004

배관의 축방향 균열 검사를 위하여 원주 방향으로 진행하는 유도초음파 모드를 적용하였다. 배관의 곡률을 변수로 원주 유도초음파의 분산선도를 계산하였으며 이를 배관 검사에 적용하기 위하여 중수로 피더관의 곡관부 축방향 균열을 탐지에 적용하였다. 상대적으로 낮은 주파수에서는 Lamb 파 특성을 따르나 주파수가 증가함에 따라 평판의 경우, 즉 곡률이 무한대인 경우 첫 번째 $A_0$ 모드와 두 번째 $S_0$ 모드가 합쳐져서 Rayleigh 모드 형태로 변화한다. 한편 곡률을 가진 배관의 경우는 주파수가 증가하더라도 첫 번째 모드와 두 번째 모드가 합쳐지지 않았다. 이러한 해석을 기초로 하여 배관의 일종인 중수로 피더관 곡관부 축방향 결함을 탐지하기 위하여 사각 탐촉자를 사용하여 Rocking 원주 유도초음파 기법을 적용하였다. 원주 방향으로 유도파를 진행시키면서 인공 결함으로부터의 수집된 신호를 분석하여 진동 모드를 확인하였으며 두께 대비 10% 깊이의 notch도 검출할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2020

The absence of functional estrogen receptor α (Esr1) results in an overgrowth of the epididymal fat, as observed in estrogen receptor α knockout (ERαKO) mouse. The present research was aimed to evaluate expression of various molecules associated with adipocyte differentiation and maturation in the epididymal fat of ERαKO mouse at several postnatal ages by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The highest transcript levels of all molecules were detected at 12 months of postnatal age, except leptin which the mRNA level was increased at 5 months of age and was unchanged until 12 months of age. The expression levels of CCAAT enhancer binding protein (Cebp) alpha, androgen receptor, and lipoprotein lipase were decreased at 5 months of age but increased at about 8 months of age. The mRNA levels of Cebp gamma and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 remained steady until 8 months of age. Continuous increases of transcript levels during postnatal period were found in Cebp beta, estrogen receptor (ER) beta, fatty acid binding protein 4, and delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1. The increases of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and adiponectin mRNA levels were detected as early as 8 months of age. The levels of fatty acid synthase and resistin transcript at 5 and 8 months of age were lower than that at 2 months of age. These findings show the aberrant expression patterns of genes related to adipocyte differentiation and maturation in the postnatal epididymal fat pad by the disruption of ER alpha function.