For fine-denier cocoon filament production, the precocious trimolting silkworms were induced by the treatments with both the imidazole compound "KK-42" hating anti-juvenile hormone activity and high temperature, and their growth, dietary efficiency, cocoon and cocoon filament qualities were compared with those of normal tetramolters as control. 1. The percentage of precocious trimolters was higher in the application of KK-42 than the treatment of high temperature. The effective concentration of KK-42 was 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/1arva. The high temperature treatment for 48 hour was more effective than 36 hour treatment, and silkworm larvae fed on mulberry leaves were more sensitive than artificial diet to induce trimolters. 2. The larval duration of the trimolters induced by KK-42 was 5.17 day shorter than that of normal tetramolters in mulberry leaves rearing, and the increasing pattern of body weight in the 4th inster larvae of trimotlers was similar to the 5th instar larvae of normal tetramolters. 3. The qualities such as cocoon weight, cocoon layer weight and cocoon layer ratio of precocious trimolter induced by KK-42 were much lower those of normal tetramolters: the cocoon weight and cocoon layer ratio were 0.78g, 14.2cg and 18.4% in mulberry leaves rearing, and 0.86 cg, 10.3cg and 12.3% in artificial diet rearing, respectively. 4. The size of cocoon and cocoon filament was smaller in the precocious trimolter, both KK-42 and high temperature, as compared with that of the normal tetramolters. 5. The efficiency of cocoon layer production of the precocious trimolters by the KK-42 was lower than that of the normal tetramolters: amount of the cocoon layer production per 1g of dry mulberry leaves ingested was 7.97cg in the precocious trimotors, while 9.20cg in the normal tetramolters.
This study was performed to investigate hepatoprotective effect of rutin on acute hepatic damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups; normal control group, $CCl_4$ control group, two rutin treatment groups (rutin 200+$CCl_4$ and rutin 400+$CCl_4$). Dissolving vehicles were applied to the rats in the normal control group. The rutin was administrated to the rats in rutin 200+$CCl_4$ and rutin 400+$CCl_4$ groups at the levels of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, 3 consecutive days orally, with 24 hours interval before inoculating $CCl_4$. $CCl_4$ was intraperitoneally administered an hour after the last treatment of rutin to the rats in every group except the normal control group. The body weight of rats in $CCl_4$ control group were significantly lower than other groups (p < 0.05), but the liver weight and relative liver weight were higher than normal control group (p < 0.05). The activities of ALT, AST, ALP, GTP, LDH and the level of total bilirubin in sera of rats in $CCl_4$ control group were higher and the levels of total protein, albumin and globulin were lower than the normal group (p < 0.05). The activities of ALT, AST, ALP, GTP, LDH and the level of total bilirubin in rutin 200+$CCl_4$ and rutin 400+$CCl_4$ groups were lower than $CCl_4$ control group (p < 0.05). Therefore the pre-treatment of rutin before $CCl_4$ inoculation in rats effectively inhibited the elevation of serum ALT, AST and total bilirubin which are the parameters of hepatic damage.
As obesity is known to be related to hyperlipidemia, insulin and leptin resistance, and other chronic diseases, much recent research has focused on functional food materials and their anti-obesity activity. This study was performed to study the effects of Artemisia Iwayomogi oligosaccharide AIPI on the anti-obesity function in normal rats and diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. F344 male rats were divided into four groups: Normal-control (CONT), normal-AIPI, DIO-CONT and DIO-AIPI. The groups were provided with water (in the CONT groups) or another drink for 4 weeks. The final body weights of rats in the DIO-AIPI group were lower than those in the CONT group. Abdominal adipose tissue weight per kg of body weight in the DIO-AIPI group was significantly lower than that in the DIO-CONT group. Also, the final levels of serum-triglyceride, serum-total cholesterol and serum-low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the DIO-AIPI group were lower than those in the DIO-CONT group. Moreover, the serum-high density lipoprotein cholesterol level in the normal-AIPI group was significantly higher than that in the normal-CONT group. Finally, the serum-leptin concentration was significantly lower in the DIO-AIPI group. Total lipid, triglyceride, and total cholesterol contents in the feces of the DIO-AIPI group were as high as 142%, 199%, and 165% of the respective values of the DIO-CONT GROUP. These results indicate that orally administered Artemisia Iwayomogi oligosaccharide not only has hypotriglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effects, but also has the effect of reducing the body weight and the abdominal adipose tissue weights obese rats. Therefore, we expect that Artemisia Iwayomogi oligosaccharide AIPI may have an anti-obesity function in F344 diet-induced obese rats. (Korean J Nutrition 36(5): 437∼445, 2003)
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
/
v.30
no.3
/
pp.540-546
/
2001
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among nutritional status of copper and zinc, serum leptin, and lipids of 99 middle school girls residing in kyunggi-do, Korea. Subjects were divided assigned to one of two groups such as normal (BMI<85 percentile, n=58) and obese (85$\leq$BMI, n=41) groups. Subjects were evaluated based on anthropometric measurements, 24-hr dietary recalls and blood analysis. The mean age was 13.93 years. The mean weight (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), body fat (p<0.001) of obese were significantly higher then those of normal group. The mean daily energy intake was 94.2% of RDA for Korean. The ratio of energy coming from carbohydrate, fat and protein was 63:24:13. The mean daily intakes of Cu and Zn were 1.4 mg and 7.4 mg (73.7% of RDA), and there were no significant difference between two groups. The mean serum levels of leptin (p<0.001), LDL-cholesterol (p<0.05), triglyceride (p<0.01), TPH (total cholesterol/HDL; p<0.001), LPH (LDL/HDL; p<0.001) and AI (atherogenic index; p<0.001) of obese were significantly higher than those of normal group. The mean serum Cu level of obese was significantly higher than normal group but, the mean serum Zn level of obese was significantly lower than normal group. Serum Cu showed a significantly positive correlations with body weight (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), body fat (p<0.001), serum leptin, and LPH. However, serum Zn showed a significantly negative correlations with body weight (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), serum leptin (p<0.001), TPH (p<0.05), and AI (Atherogenic index; p<0.05). To summarize the results, the Zn intakes of middle school girls did not reach to RDA for Koreans. Also, increase of BMI may lead to decrease of serum zinc level and increase of serum copper level, and this change of serum zinc related to the change of serum leptin and serum lipids level in middle school girls during rapid growth.
A multiphysics model analysis including moisture transport, heat transfer and solid mechanics and experiments on the normal and light weight concrete were carried out in order to study the effect of preabsorbed water in the light weight aggregates on the drying and shrinkage characteristics of concrete. Consequently, with fixed water-cement ratio, loss of water content of normal and light weight concrete were compared and the results showed that the lightweight concrete lost less moist than the normal concrete in early age and long term which was by moist supply effect. Accordingly, shrinkage strain size and distribution of lightweight concrete were decreased, and shrinkage reducing effect was efficient in early age with water cement ratio 0.3 and in both early age, and long term with water cement ratio 0.5. The comparison of analysis results and exaperimental results indicate that characteristic values of moisture transport and the relation humidity and shrinkage strain from this study are resonable for application for other differential shrinkage analysis in lightweight concrete.
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
/
v.24
no.1
/
pp.24-29
/
1995
Purpose of this study was to investigate correlation between blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and dietary sodium, potassium intake pattern in the family members of normal cerebrovascular (CVA) disease, excluding patients themselves. Both mean values of systolic (125.8$\pm$23.7 vs 119.3$\pm$19.2mmHg) and diastolic(76.1$\pm$16.7 vs 71.6$\pm$12.5mmHg) bllood pressure in the family members of cerebrovascular disease patients were significantly higher than those of normal subjects. Systolic blood pressure was positively correlated with age, weibght, sodium in soybean paste, potassium in hotpepepr paste, soybean paste and meats in normal subjects group. In the family members of cerebrovascular patient, systolic blood pressure was possively correlated with age, weight, sodium in soy sauce, drinking water and potassium in soups. Interestingly, table salt intake was positively correlated with systosolic blood pressure in the family members of cerebrovascular disease patients. Diastolic bolld pressure was positively correlated with age, weight, table salt intake potassium in hotpepper paste and soybean paste in normal subjects group. Diastolic blood pressure was positively correlated with age, weight and table salt intake in the family members of cerebrovascular disease patients. Urinary potassium excretion was negatively correlated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the family members of cerebrovascular disease patients.
This study was performed to investigate the dietary habits, body weight satisfaction and eating disorder tendencies of female university students in Kyungnam province. Anthropometric measurements, dietary habits, body weight satisfaction, food preferences, disordered eating, and nutrient intakes were assessed in 132 female students at Kaya University. The results were analyzed with $x^2$- and ANOVA tests using the SPSS package program. The average age of the subjects was 20.1 years and average body mass index (BMI) were $21.1\;kg/m^2$. According to BMI, the percentages of students who were underweight, normal weight and overweight by BMI were 21.2, 55.3, and 23.5, respectively. Duration of exercise was significantly different by BMI. Index scores for a mini dietary assessment were significantly higher in the normal and overweight groups than in the underweight group. Scores for sweet, salty, and meat preferences were highest and scores for bean and vegetable preferences were lowest, in the underweight group. Satisfaction for present body weight was lowest, and self-perception of body image and weight control experiences were highest in the overweight group. All subjects in the overweight group wanted to be slim, and those in the normal and underweight groups, preferred to be more slim despite their current body weight being in the normal or below normal range. The percentage of the subjects who were at risk for eating disorders (based on scores from the Eating Attitude Test-26, EAT-$26{\geqq}20$) was 11.3%. Scores for EAT-26 were higher in the overweight group than in the underweight and normal weight groups. Nutrient intakes were not different among the groups. Therefore, dietary habits, taste and food preferences, satisfaction for present body weight, and disordered eating were significantly different according to BMI. These results suggest that overweight female university students need help correcting disordered eating, and nutrition counseling should be established to aid desirable weight control methods. Those who are underweight and normal weight need help establishing proper perceptions of their normal body weight and body image as well as nutrition counseling for health.
This study investigated hepatic functional improvement and anti-fibrotic effects of water extracts of black tea. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (normal, control, and two experimental subgroups: Ba, Bb) and observed for 3 weeks. Liver fibrosis in rats developed from carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) administration, except for the normal group. Except for the normal and control group, the two experimental subgroups were fed water extracts of black tea. The food efficiency ratio significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group. The experimental group had a significantly lower liver weight compared to the control group. The ratio of liver weight to body weight was significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in serum significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group. The values of hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde in liver were even lower in the experimental group than the control group. In observations on liver histology, weaker inflammation and fibrosis were observed in the experimental group compared to the control group. In conclusion, water extracts of black tea help hepatic cells keep their functions, restraining and protecting the liver from impairments caused by $CCl_4$ administration, and can be effective as anti-fibrotic agents.
Purpose: Osteoporosis that occurred after menopause is one of the most common metabolic disease. and it is that bone mass significant decrease in comparison with normal people. Its symptoms are fracture, decrease of height, etc. The purpose of this study is to examine what are the effects of the Gamisoyosan on the aged ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods: 24 female rats were ovariectomized and divided into normal group(normal), ovariectomized group(control), and treated with Gamisoyosan group(treated). During 8 weeks we dosed D.W to sham and control group, and dosed Gamisoyosan(105 mg/100 g) to experimental group. After 8 weeks we sacrificed rats and measured the body weight, albumin, P, Calcium, ALP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, T4, estradiol, the femur weight, the tibia ash weight, trabecular bone area, trabecular thickness, osteoclast number. Results: The level of serum albumin, calcium, AST, ALT, estradiol in Gamisoyosan group showed significant increase in comparison with control group. The level of serum triglyceride in Gamisoyosan group showed significant decrease in comparison with control group. Trabecular bone area and osteoclast number in Gamisoyosan group showed significant increase in comparison with control group. Conclusions: Reviewing these experimental results, Gamisoyosan has shown to activate osteogenesis and prevent bone resorption, and it should show efficacy on prevention and improvement of osteoporosis after menopause.
This report was carried out toxicity test for the mosquito coil made of Ginseng leaf and the residue after extraction of Ginseng root. This results are as follows: In the first group, was not shown any special difference on the body weight, the motion and dissection. In the second group, was not shown any Special difference on the body weight, considerable difference on the motion and considerable loss of appetite besides very slight loss, but came cack soon again to normal state by change of air after a moment. In the third group, the body weight and appetite was depressed very slightly and the motion was shown very slightly difference, but came back soon again to normal state by chenge of air after a moment too. No one was died, and all the animal were the normal state on the reslt of dessection, Therefore, we have positive evidence that this mosquito coil powder is applied to animals without any toxicity.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.