• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.3-12
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• 2014

Larynx plays an important role in phonation and protection of the respiratory tract during swallowing. The reduced anatomical and physiological function in elevation of larynx and glottis closure can cause problems in voice and swallowing. The present study investigated the Korean version of handicap index of dysphagia in elderly Koreans. Therefore, 60 normal elderly Koreans ranged from 65 to 95 and 20 normal Korean young adults aged from 20 to 25 were participated in this study to compare total (T), physical (P), functional (F), and emotional (E) index scores between two groups as well as among sub groups (60s, 70s, 80s) in elderly. For swallowing, total and sub dysphagia handicap index (DHI) scores, voice quality during /a/phonation following swallowing (saliva and water), intensity of coughing, and L-DDK were measured. The results showed that functional (P), physical (P), emotional (E) scores as well as total (T) score were significantly different between young adults and old adults in DHI(p<.05). Additionally, there was a negative correlation between total DHI score and intensity of coughing (r=-.51) as well as L-DDK (r=-.70). These findings suggest that a slow rate in vocal fold adduction and reduced intensity of coughing in the elderly affect swallowing function. Thus, recently translated Korean version of DHI may be useful as supplement in evaluating the swallowing problems in elderly people.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2005

Objectives: Prospective study of quality of life in patients underwent microlaryngeal surgery for dysphonia was performed. Materials and Methods : 51 patients with dysphonia took part in the study, and patients with malignancies or functional voice disorder were excluded. Patients were asked to complete the SF-36 questionnaire before surgery and within 6-12 months after surgery. Preoperative and postoperative SF-36 scores were compared with data on 46 age-matched healthy controls. Results The most of SF-36 subscale scores showed significantly improvement after surgery, except of PF (physical functioning) and MH (mental health). Preoperative scores had significantly poorer than the normal controls on 6 subscales, but there is no statistically significant differences between postoperative scores and normal controls on 5 subscales. Conclusion In the study, patients with organic voice disorder show improvement in quality of life after microlaryngeal surgery.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.390-398
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• 1996

Acoustic analysis study was performed on 20 normal subjects by speaking nonsense syllables composed of Korean bilabial stops(/p, $p^{*}$/, ph/) and their Preceding and/or following vowel /a/(that is, [pa, $p^{*}a$, pha, apa, $ap^{*}a$, apha]) with an ultraminiature pressure sensor in their mouths. Speech materials were phonated twice, once with a moderate voice, another time with a loud voice. The acoustic signal and intraoral pressure were recorded simultaneously on computer. By these procedures, we were to measure the intraoral pressure, closure duration and VOT of Korean bilabial stops, and to compare the values one another according to the intensity of phonation and the position of the target consonants. Intraoral pressure was measured by the peak intraoral pressure value of its wave; closure duration by the time interval between the onset of intraoral pressure build-up and the burst meaning the release of closure; Voice onset time(VOT) by the time interval between the burst and the onset of glottal vibration. Heavily aspirated bilabial stop consonant /ph/ showed the highest intraoral pressure value, unaspirated /p$^{*}$/, the second, slightly aspirated /p/, the lowest. The syllable initial bilabial stops showed higher intraoral pressure than word initial stops, and the value of loudly phonated consonants were higher than moderate consonants. The longest closure duration period was that of /$p^{*}$/ and the shortest, /p/, and the duration was longer in word initial position and in the moderate voice. In VOT, the order of the longest to shortest was /ph/, /p/, /$p^{*}$/, and the value was shorter when the consonant was in intervocalic position and when it was phonated with a loud voice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 1996

Acoustic analysis study was performed on 20 normal subjects by speaking nonsense syllables composed of Korean bilabial stops$(/P, P^{\star}, P^{h}/)$ and their preceding and/or following vowel /a/ (that is, $[pa, p^{\star}a, p^{h}a, apa, ap^{\star}a, ap^{h}a]$) with an ultraminiature pressure, sensor. in their mouths. Speech materials were phonated twice, once with a moderate voice, another time with a loud voice. The acoustic signal and intraoral pressure were recorded simultaneously on computer. By these procedures, we were to measure the intraoral pressure, closure duration and VOT of Korean bilabial stops, and to compare the values one another according to the intensity of phonation and the position of the target consonants. Intraoral pressure was measured by the peak intraoral pressure value of Its wave closure duration by the time interval between the onset of intraoral pressure build-up and the burst meaning the release of closure ; Voice onset time(VOT) on by the time interval between the burst and the onset or glottal vibration. Heavily aspirated bilabial stop consonant /$p^h$/ showed the highest intraoral pressure value, unaspirated /$p^{\star}$/, the second, slightly aspirated /P/, the lowest. The syllable initial bilabial stops showed higher intraoral pressure than word initial stops, and the value of loudly phonated consonants were higher than moderate consonants. The longest closure duration period was that of /$p^{\star}$/ and the shortest, /P/, and the duration was longer in word initial position and in the moderate voice. In VOT, the order of the longest to shortest was $/{p^h}/, /p/, /{p^\star}/$, and the value was shorer when the consonant was in intervocalic position and when it was phonated with a loud voice.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1978.06a
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• pp.6.4-7
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• 1978

The author has experienced 50 cases of vocal nodules and polyps in our department for 3 years from May 1974 to April 1977. These nodules were removed out with laryngeal forcep under indirect laryngoscopy and maximum phonation time and timbre of the voice were analyzed before and after operation. Very shortened phonation time of the patient with vocal nodule has returned to normal range (Male : 30 seconds, Female: 20 seconds) and the voice timbre has recovered to almost normal voice postoperatively. The author has made a brief literature review.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.35-43
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• 2022

This paper studies how to improve the identification rate of laryngeal disability speech data by convolutional neural network (CNN) and machine learning ensemble learning methods. In general, the number of laryngeal dysfunction speech data is small, so even if identifiers are constructed by statistical methods, the phenomenon caused by overfitting depending on the training method can lead to a decrease the identification rate when exposed to external data. In this work, we try to combine results derived from CNN models and machine learning models with various accuracy in a multi-voting manner to ensure improved classification efficiency compared to the original trained models. The Pusan National University Hospital (PNUH) dataset was used to train and validate algorithms. The dataset contains normal voice and voice data of benign and malignant tumors. In the experiment, an attempt was made to distinguish between normal and benign tumors and malignant tumors. As a result of the experiment, the random forest method was found to be the best ensemble method and showed an identification rate of 85%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.91-94
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• 2016

Voice is a physical phenomenon, generated by vocal fold and expiratory airflow. Dysphonia should come from abnormal vocal fold and airflow. Occassionally larynx looks normal in show, but it is actually not. There should be undetected structural or functional abnormalities. So when ENT doctors face dysphonia patients who looks normal larynx, should make a diagnosis through close observation. In this review article we present some dysphonia diseases which looks normal larynx. For example vocal fatigue, vocal fold paresis, posterior glottic diastasis, muscle tension dysphonia and psychogenic dysphonia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2022

Background and Objectives The quality of life after thyroidectomy, such as voice change, is considered to be as important as control of the disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate changes in both subjective and objective voice parameters after thyroidectomy resulting in normal morbidity of the vocal cords. Materials and Method In this prospective cohort study, 204 patients who underwent thyroidectomy with or without central neck dissection at a single referral center from Feb 2015 to Aug 2016 were enrolled. All patients underwent prospective voice evaluations including both subjective and objective assessments preoperatively and then at 2 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Temporal changes of the voice parameters were analyzed. Results Values of the subjective assessment tool worsened during the early postoperative follow-up period and did not recover to the preoperative values at 12 months postoperatively. The maximal phonation time gradually decreased, whereas most objective parameters, including maximal vocal pitch (MVP), reached preoperative values at 3-6 months postoperatively. The initial decrease in MVP was significantly greater in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy, and their MVP recovery time was faster than that of patients undergoing lobectomy (p=0.001). Patients whose external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve was confirmed intact by electroidentification showed no difference in recovery speed compared with patients without electroindentification (p=0.102), although the initial decrease in MVP was lower with electroidentification. Conclusion Subjective assessment in voice quality and maximal phonation time after thyroidectomy did not show recovery to preoperative values. Aggravation of MVP was associated with surgical extent and electroidentification.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2011

The treatment for patients with mutational dysphonia typically is useful with vegetative phonation, but has not yet been studied. This study attempts to identify the effect of $SKTCLP^{(R)}$ using throat clearing and laughing in patients with mutational dysphonia. The study, which was designed by the author, included 26 patients aged from 14 to 32 years (mean: 18.7 years) who had been diagnosed with mutational dysphonia between January 2007 and June 2010. Voice therapy for these patients included $SKTCLP^{(R)}$, ranging from two to seven sessions (mean: 3.8 sessions). Results were evaluated by videostroboscopy, perceptual evaluation of GRBAS scale, aerodynamic test, and acoustic analysis before and after therapy. Most patients could phonate with low pitch from the beginning and sustain with normal pitch sound in the last session. We had found that glottic gap reduced after therapy and anterior-posterior compression of superior laryngeal part at the first time, and these patients had complete closure of the glottis after treatment. The results of acoustic and aerodynamic measures after treatment indicated significant decreases in Fo, Jitter, Shimmer, SFF, and SPI, and increases in MPT, Psub, and vocal efficiency (p<.05). $SKTCLP^{(R)}$ may be a useful treatment method in managing mutational dysphonia. We can suggest this technique may be useful in improving the voice quality of other functional dysphonia having glottal chink or functional aphonia.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2015

This study explored the vowel effect on acoustic perturbation measures in voice quality analysis. For this study, the perturbation parameters (%jitter, %shimmer) and noise parameter (SNR) were measured with 7 Korean vowels (/a/, /ɛ/, /i/, /o/, /u/, /ɯ/, /ʌ/) using CSpeech with 50 Korean normal young adults (24 males and 26 females). A significant vowel effect was found only in %shimmer and in particular, low-back /a/vowel was significantly different from other vowels in %shimmer. The least perturbation and noise were exhibited on high-back /ɯ/ and /o/ vowel, respectively. Based on tongue height, a significant higher %shimmer was demonstrated on low vowels than high vowels. In addition, back vowels in tongue advancement and rounded vowels in lip rounding showed significantly less perturbation and noise. The least variability of perturbation and noise within individuals was demonstrated on the vowel /i/ in three repeated measures. However, there was no significant difference among 3 token measures in single session among vowels tested except the vowel /o/. Consequently, the vowel /a/ commonly used in acoustic perturbation measures exhibited higher perturbation and noise whereas higher stability and less variability were demonstrated on the high-back vowel /u/. These results suggested that the Korean high-back vowel /u/ can be more appropriate and reliable for perturbation acoustic measures.