• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.239-246
• /
• 2009

To establish a database for artificial seed production of stone flounder Kareius bicoloratus, experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of spawning and fecundity of this species. Broodstocks were captured in the area of Gyeokryeolbiyeoldo, Chungnam, Korea in October 2003 and induced to natural spawning. The broodstock consisted of 12 females (34.5~51.0 cm total length and 540~2,200 g body weight) and 23 males (29.0~38.0 cm total length and 310~680 g body weight). Gonad development began in December and proceeded in the direction of the tail; measurements were made with the naked eye. The tank-held broodstock were reared for 3 months before spawning, which continued for 77 days from January 9 to March 27, 2004. Daylength during the spawning was recorded at the yearly shortest of 9.8~12.1 hours and the water temperature was maintained at $8.4{\sim}12.2^{\circ}C$. The total fecundity was 19,844,000 individuals, among which 15,433,000 individuals (77.8%) were produced during the mid-spawning period. The average bloating rate, egg-fertilization rate and hatching rate of the total number spawned reached 50.4%, 58.5% and 55.6%, respectively, and 93.8% of the hatched fry appeared normal. The number of total eggs in absolute fecundity per total length was proportional to both lengths, as was the number of total eggs in relative fecundity per total length. The number of total eggs in absolute fecundity per body weight was proportional to body weight as was the number in relative fecundity per body weight except that the number in relative fecundity per gram decreased after a peak in increased body weight at a certain point.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.834-849
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the trends of cataract surgery and the recognition of cataract. Methods: ; It enrolled a total of 150 respondents, comprising 72 men and 78 women, who reside in Busan Metropolitan City, Ulsan Metropolitan City and Kyeong-nam Province. By the age groups, they include 44 people in their 20s, 24 in their 30s, 24 in their 40s, 26 in their 50s and 32 aged 60 years or older. In addition, the current study was conducted by dividing the respondents into two groups: people with cataract or not. Moreover, it was also conducted mainly for younger people. Results: 1. As for age of cataract operation, this study say that 1 patient was in their 20s, 3 patients in their 30s, 3 patients in their 40s, 6 patients in their 50s, and 7 patients in their over 60s. 2. In the question about whether they know about cataract, 100 respondents answered 'I know', 50 answered 'I do not know', 67% answered 'I know', 33% answered 'I do not know'. 3. As for pathways to know about cataract, of the total 120 respondents, 49 (41%) were in the media, 20 (17%) were Internet users, 26 (22%) were acquaintances, and 10 (7%) were specialty books, and 15 (13%) were 'others'. 4. As for cataract causes, 20 respondents (13%) answered 'exposure to sunlight', 12 (8%) answered 'electronic devices', 7 answered 'hereditary' 89 (60%) answered, and 22 (14%) answered 'eye disease'. 5. Twenty (13%) answered 'extremely yes', 40 (27%) answered 'yes', and 31 (21%) answered 'normal' when asked whether the use of smartphone was affected by cataracts. 48 (32%) answered 'little', and 11 (7%) answered 'not at all'. Our results showed that many people aged 50 years or older developed cataract and received surgery. It was also shown, however, that people in their 20s to 40s also developed cataract and received surgery. Conclusions: Our eyes are exposed to many places. Many people are unaware of cataracts, despite the fact that cataracts are gradually getting younger, due to the development of electronic devices and the use of electrical appliances. We should have interest in many information and contents about cataracts, knowing the importance to eyes, and gradually reducing the use of many electronic devices in young people.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.31
• /
• pp.19.1-19.7
• /
• 2016

A large portion of the Korean population has been exposed to toxic humidifier disinfectants (HDs), and considering that the majority of the victims are infants, the magnitude of the damage is expected to be considerably larger than what has currently been revealed. The current victims are voicing problems caused by various diseases, including but not limited to lung, upper respiratory tract, cardiovascular, kidney, musculoskeletal, eye, and skin diseases, etc. However, there has been difficulty in gaining validation for these health problems and identifying causal relationships due to lack of evidence proving that toxic HD is the specific causes of extrapulmonary diseases such as allergic rhinitis. Furthermore, the victims and bereaved families of the HD case have not received any support for psychological distress such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, feelings of injustice, and anger caused by the trauma. In addition, because the underlying mechanisms of the toxic materials within the HDs such as polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate, poly(oxyalkylene guanidine) hydrochloride, chloromethylisothiazolinone /methylisothiazolinone have yet to be determined, the demand for information regarding the HD issue is growing. The victims of the HD cases require support that goes beyond financial aid for medical costs and living expenses. There is a desperate need for government-led integrated support centers that provide individualized support through health screenings; in other words, we need an integrated facility that provides the appropriate social support to allow the victims to recover their physical and mental health, so as to well prepare them to return to a normal life. The implementation of such a plan requires not only the close cooperation between those departments already directly involved such as the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Health and Welfare, but also active support on a national scale from pan-governmental consultative bodies.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.93-99
• /
• 2001

Voxel head phantom for overcoming the limitation of mathematical phantom in depleting anatomical details was constructed and example dose calculation for BNCT was performed. The repeated structure algorithm of the general purpose Monte Carlo code, MCNP4B was applied for yokel Monte Carlo calculation. Simple binary yokel phantom and combinatorial geometry phantom composed of two materials were constructed for validating the voxel Monte Carlo calculation system. The tomographic images of VHP man provided by NLM(National Library of Medicine) were segmented and indexed to construct yokel head phantom. Comparison of doses for broad parallel gamma and neutron beams in AP and PA directions showed decrease of brain dose due to the attenuation of neutron in eye balls in case of yokel head phantom. The spherical tumor volume with diameter, 5cm was defined in the center of brain for BNCT dose calculation in which accurate 3 dimensional dose calculation is essential. As a result of BNCT dose calculation for downward neutron beam of 10keV and 40keV, the tumor dose is about doubled when boron concentration ratio between the tumor to the normal tissue is $30{\mu}g/g$ to $3{\mu}g/g$. This study established the voxel Monte Carlo calculation system and suggested the feasibility of precise dose calculation in therapeutic radiology.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.56-64
• /
• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and correlated factors of high myopia in 19 year-old men in Southeast Korea. Methods: This retrospective study was based on the medical checkup data of conscription during 2005. The study subjects were 19 years old men in Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongsangnam-do. The health checkup data of the conscripts consisted of noncycloplegic autorefraction test, the biometric data and social factors. To analyze the social and biometric effects, we classified the biometric factors into 4 or 5 groups and the social factors into 3 groups. High myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent of under -6.0 diopter. Data analysis was performed using the chi square test for trends and multiple logistic regression analysis. The SAS(version 9.1) program was used for all the analyses. Results: The prevalence of high myopia was 12.39% (6256 / 50 508). The factors correlated with high myopia were the residence area (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.77 to 2.4 for small city; OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.72 to 2.34 for metropolis; the reference group was rural area), academic achievement (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.34 to 1.53 for students of 4-and 6-year-course university; the reference group was high school graduates & under) and blood pressure (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.10 to 2.16 for hypertension; OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.17 for prehypertension; OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.20 for hypotension; the reference group was normal blood pressure). Conclusions: More than one tenth of the young men were high myopia as one of the risk factor for visual loss. Further studies on high myopia and its complications are needed to improve eye health in Southeast Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.11 no.9
• /
• pp.3325-3329
• /
• 2010

This study evaluated anti-wrinkle effect using toner and lotion containing ginsenoside Rg3 enriched black ginseng in oriental medicine like Liriope platy phyllla, Inonotus obliquus, Glycyrrhiza glabra and nourishing of the blood and energy(Atractylodes japonica, Poria cocos Wolf, Angelica gigas, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Cnidii Rhizoma, Paeonia lactiflora). 6 female adults on average at the age of 42.5 applied lotion after toner under the normal conditions of use on the face including crow's feed area, twice a day (in the morning and evening) for 4weeks. After 4 weeks, the replica of eye wrinkle was made and analyzed the image. The result was decreased in R1($3.15{\pm}0.35$ to $2.28{\pm}0.22$), R2($2.99{\pm}0.37$ to $2.13{\pm}0.21$), R3($2.09{\pm}0.31$ to $1.56{\pm}0.18$), R4($0.37{\pm}0.05$ to $0.29{\pm}0.03$), and R5($0.89{\pm}0.1$ to $0.75{\pm}0.06$)(P<0.05). Therefore, oriental medicine cosmetics containing black ginseng may play a role anti-wrinkle.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.379-387
• /
• 1999

During the past several decades, electricity generating plant increased with remarkable rapidity in Korea. Recently the increase has been much more rapid as the rate of industrialization has accelerated. Construction of nuclear power plants in coastal areas inevitably caused the perturbation of critical coastal habitats and thus influenced marine algal species composition. Particularly, an increase in the building of nuclear power plants led the amounts of heat discharged to increase exponentially. As far as the effects of cooling water and thermal discharges are concerned, benthic marine algae are likely to be vulnerable to a discharge. Heated effluents from nuclear power plants, with the temperature rises of 7~12$^{\circ}C$ under normal operating and design conditions, are discharged through the discharge canal and into natural water bodies. It is clear that the characteristic marine algal community is developed in the area affected by the thermal discharges; i.e. low species richness and low species diversity. Nevertheless, it is worthwhile to note that elevated temperatures exert differential effects depending on the algal populations. Benthic marine algae grown at the discharge canal can be regarded as warm tolerant species. 35 species (4 blue-green, 9 green, 8 brown and 14 red algae) of marine algae occurred more than 20eye frequency at discharge canal of three nuclear power plants in the east coast during 1992 ~ 1998 and thus can be categorized as warm tolerant species in Korea. To minimize the ecological impacts of waste heat on benthic marine algae, it is recommended that, in the future, nuclear power plants will have to employ some form of closed-cycle cooling for the condensers.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.281-290
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between the central corneal thickness and peripheral one, and the changing aspect of corneal thickness by the refractive error through the measure of central corneal thickness and peripheral one in myopic eyes. For this study, the central thickness and the peripheral one of the 198 eyes of 99 normal subjects was measured by Orbscan Topography System(Orbtex, Inc. USA). The latter was measured in each 2mm point distance of superior, inferior, nasal and temporal from the center of left & right eye. And the revealed results was analyzed according to sex, age, left & right eyes, and refractive error of the subjects. The mean central corneal thickness of the whole subjects was shown as $530.12{\pm}43.18{\mu}m$, and the mean peripheral ones were as follows : superior(SCT) $591.91{\pm}36.88{\mu}m$, inferior(ICT) $561.04{\pm}41.82{\mu}m$, nasal(NCT) $584.23{\pm}41.97{\mu}m$ and temporal(TCT) $567.35{\pm}43.25{\mu}m$. From this, we can see that the mean central corneal thickness and the peripheral ones show significantly difference, but there is no statistically Significant difference in the corneal thickness according to refractive error, age, sex, and left & right.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.397-410
• /
• 2011

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effect of Injinsammul-tang (IJS) on hepatocellular carcinogenesis in rats. Methods : Sprague Dawley (SD) rats of control and treatment groups received intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg/day diethylnitrosamine (DENA) weekly for 8 weeks. Experimental rats were classified into 3 groups; normal group (Nor), hepatic cancer induced control group (Con), and IJS extract 250 mg/kg administered group (IST) after being injected with DENA. Thereafter the changes of body weight, liver weight and weight of liver/100g body weight, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Gross anatomy and optical microscopy were also observed. Results : The body weight decreased in Con and IST compared with the Nor. The weight of liver and the weight of liver/100g body weight increased significantly in Con and IST compared with the Nor. The activities of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH increased in the Con compared with Nor, but decreased in IST compared with Con. The activities of SOD increased in the Con and IST compared with Nor. Upon naked eye and light microscopic examination, IJS improved the morphological and histopathological changes of liver caused by DENA-induced hepatic neoplasm. The number of hepatic p53 positive cells decreased in the IST compared with Con. Conclusions : Most of the results did not show a significant effect, but some of the results showed a significant effect. It can be estimated that IJS has some effects on hepatocellular carcinogenesis induced by DENA in rats, and further studies will be needed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2008

This study was carried out investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of agricultural by-product feed(persimmon-pell+barley bran+fermented rice bran+activated carbon) on calves disease, growth and carcass characteristics of Korean native steer. A total of twenty Korean native steer were allocated into four feeding group and assigned to four dietary treatments: Control(normal concentrate as a basal diet), T1(1% addition of by-product feeds), T2(3% addition of by-product feeds) and T3(5% addition of by-product feeds). The calf diarrhea was the highest at Control, while T3 was the lowest. The breath disease was the lowest at T2, occurrence with diarrhea and breath disease was the highest at Control. The daily gain was orderly ranked as T2(0.76kg)>T1(0.7kg), T3(0.70kg)>Control(0.67kg). The back fat thickness was orderly ranked as T2>T3>Control>T1, eye muscle area was orderly ranked as T3>T1>Control>T2. Grade of meat quantity was the highest at T1(2.3), but fat color, firmness and maturity tends to have a similar result. The marbling score and quality grade of T2 were the highest at 5.0 and 3.5, respectively. Based on the study, agricultural by-product feeds are able to many used for various purposes at disease reduce, increment of meat quantity and improvement of quality grade.