• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.430-436
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• 2016

Objective : The objective of this study is to establish an animal model of chronic paraspinal muscle injury in rat. Methods : Fifty four Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into experimental group (n=30), sham (n=15), and normal group (n=9). Incision was done from T7 to L2 and paraspinal muscles were detached from spine and tied at each level. The paraspinal muscles were exposed and untied at 2 weeks after surgery. Sham operation was done by paraspinal muscles dissection at the same levels and wound closure was done without tying. Kyphotic index and thoracolumbar Cobb's angle were measured at preoperative, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the first surgery for all groups. The rats were sacrificed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the first surgery, and performed histological examinations. Results : At 4 weeks after surgery, the kyphotic index decreased, but, Cobb's angle increased significantly in the experimental group (p<0.05), and then that were maintained until the end of the experiment. However, there were no significant differences of the kyphotic index and Cobb's angle between sham and normal groups. In histological examinations, necrosis and fibrosis were observed definitely and persisted until 12 weeks after surgery. There were also presences of regenerated muscle cells which nucleus is at the center of cytoplasm, centronucleated myofibers. Conclusion : Our chronic injury model of paraspinal muscles in rats shows necrosis and fibrosis in the muscles for 12 weeks after surgery, which might be useful to study the pathophysiology of the degenerative thoracolumbar kyphosis or degeneration of paraspinal muscles.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.542-545
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• 2013

Background The aims of alveolar bone grafting are closure of the fistula, stabilization of the maxillary arch, support for the roots of the teeth adjacent to the cleft on each side. We observed nostril base augmentation in patients with alveolar clefts after alveolar bone grafting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nostril base augmentation effect of secondary alveolar bone grafting in patients with unilateral alveolar cleft. Methods Records of 15 children with alveolar clefts who underwent secondary alveolar bone grafting with autogenous iliac cancellous bone between March of 2011 and May of 2012 were reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative worm's-eye view photographs and reconstructed three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scans were used for photogrammetry. The depression of the nostril base and thickness of the philtrum on the cleft side were measured in comparison to the normal side. The depression of the cleft side pyriform aperture was measured in comparison to the normal side on reconstructed three-dimensional CT. Results Significant changes were seen in the nostril base (P=0.005), the philtrum length (P=0.013), and the angle (P=0.006). The CT measurements showed significant changes in the pyriform aperture (P<0.001) and the angle (P<0.001). Conclusions An alveolar bone graft not only fills the gap in the alveolar process but also augments the nostril base after surgery. In this study, only an alveolar bone graft was performed to prevent bias from other procedures. Nostril base augmentation can be achieved by performing alveolar bone grafts in children, in whom invasive methods are not advised.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.696-700
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• 2007

We report here on the midterm results after a Starnes operation for a severely symptomatic neonate with Ebstein's anomaly. A one-day-old baby presented with cyanosis and severe cardiomegaly. We peformed patch closure of the tricuspid valve with a central shunt after failure of tricuspid valve repair with vertical plication of the atrialized ventricle at her age of 19 days. The coronary sinus was drained into the right ventricle. She underwent bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt and extracardiac conduit Fontan operation at her age of 16 and 30 months, respectively. She is now 56 months old and is doing very well. The recent follow-up study revealed that she was in normal sinus rhythm and had a normal sized left ventricle with good function and the small right ventricle without thrombus formation.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.59
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• pp.21-36
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• 1999

Most scholars calssify caves into natural resource, but caves possess values of natural and human resource, mix up the features of natural resources and human resources. Now, caves are distributed 260 in Korea. Seongryu Cave is showed in 1967 for the first time, till 1997 12 caves is opened to tourist. But since 1996 the 12 show caves of all is not launched the safety and environment-protection check-up adduced reason for IMF. Then caves must maintain environment of the normal temperature, humidity and dark. But the environment of caves are destroyed by tourism development. Thus to maintain environment of caves, it used to consider the counterplan as follows in restraint of the environmental change. Firstly, in case of development work to open caves, it must keep up with the prototype. Secondly, it must establish a freight depositary to prevent the influence of the caves's stain and damage due to tourist's objects. Thirdly, to maintain the normal temperature and humidity, it must install artificial poultice equipment of the inner parts of caves. Fourthly, in order to prevent the occurrence of $CO_2$, it must assessment of the optimum number of the greatest stayer. Fifthly, the control of closure for a given period of time is useful of the restoration to the cave's original state. Sixthly, by means of make narrow entrance, it should not influence the outer's air on the inner parts on caves. Seventhly, to keep the temperature of the inner part of caves, the lightening should be maintained moderately considering the convenience of a tour. Eightly, when water-proof cables for the lightening bulbs are connected each other, silicon tape is suitable and circuit breakers should be installed at the diverging points of the cables. Ninthly, the direction and angle of the lightening must be changed periodically to prevent green-pollution at the lightening spot. Lastly, when facilities and arrangements are equipped, corrosive materials should be excluded if circumstances allow.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.121-139
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• 1999

Our experimental subject was a laryngectomee who had undergone total laryngectomy with $PROVOX^{(R)}$ insertion, and learned esophageal speech after the surgery, so he could produce both $PROVOX^{(R)}$ voice and esophageal voice. With this subject's production of $PROVOX^{(R)}$ and esophageal voice, we are to compare the acoustic and aerodynamic characteristics of the two voices, under the same physical conditions of the same person. As a result, the fundamental frequency of esophageal voice was 137.2 Hz, and that of $PROVOX^{(R)}$ was 97.5 Hz. $PROVOX^{(R)}$ voice showed lower jitter, shimmer and NHR than esophageal voice, which means that $PROVOX^{(R)}$ voice showed better voice quality than esophageal voice. In spectrographic analysis, the formation of formants and pseudoformants were more distinct in esophageal voice and several temporal aspects of acoutic features such as VOT and closure duration were more similar with normal voice in $PROVOX^{(R)}$ voice. During the sentence utterance, esophageal voice showed longer pause or silence duration than $PROVOX^{(R)}$ voice. Maximum phonation time and mean flow rate of $PROVOX^{(R)}$ voice were much longer and larger than esophageal voice, but mean and range of sound pressure level, subglottic pressure and voice efficiency were similar in the two voices. Glottal resistance of esophageal voice was much larger than $PROVOX^{(R)}$ voice which showed still larger glottal resistance than normal voice.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.574-581
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• 1985

Surgical treatment for PDA has been pivotal in historical development of surgery for congenital heart disease. A clinical study on 36 cases of operated PDA were performed during period from Aug. 1981 to Jul. 1985 at the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery in Chonbuk University. The following results are obtained. 1. The 8 males and 28 females ranged in age from 2 yrs, to 24 yrs, [mean 11 yrs.] 2. Chief complaints of the patients were dyspnea on exertion in 61%, palpitation in 39%, frequent URI in 12%, and no subjective symptoms in 11%. 3. On auscultation, continuous machinery murmur heard in 94% and systolic in 14%. 4. Radiologic findings of chest P-A showed increased density of pulmonary vascularity in 94%, cardiomegaly in 69%, and within normal limits in 5% of the patients. 5. EKG findings of the patients revealed LVH in 69%, RVH in 6%, BVH in 6%, and within normal limits in 17%. 6. Of the 36 patients, cardiac catheterization was performed in 34 patients. The results showed mean Qp/Qs = 2.25, mean Pp/Ps=0.42, and mean systolic pulmonary arterial pressure=53mmHg. 7. Surgical methods were as followed: The 32 case of ductal ligation and one case of division & suture technique for PDA through the left posterolateral thoracotomy were done. And 2 cases of ductal ligation one suture closure through the pulmonary artery were performed under the cardiopulmonary bypass. 8. Intraoperative complication was ductal rupture with division 8< suture for PDA and transient hoarseness in 1, recanalization in 1, and urethral stricture in 1 case postoperatively. 9. One patient died due to ductal rupture intraoperatively and operative mortality was 2.8%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 1997

Backgroud : Now a days, most studies for professional voice user have been performed after artificial voice abuse without consideration of environmental and personal factors, and occupational specificity, therefore those studies have some problems. Objectives : To make a basic guideline for the management of untrained professional voice user, practically we ananalyzed the voice of experimental group. Materials and methods : Just after working, the sustained vowel sounds of the 15 female telephone operators (subjective group) and the 20 normal female persons (control group) were analysed, using a history paper, acoustic analyzer and videostroboscopy. Results : The most common symptom in subjective group was dysphonia. Stroboscopic findings in subjective group were as following ; posterior chink 11 cases (73%), incomplete closure 2 cases (13%), anterior chink 1 case (7%). The mean maximal phonation time in telephone operators was 12.8 seconds and in control group was 16.8 seconds. Jitter, pitch pertubation quotient (PPQ), shimmer and amplitude pertubation quotient (ASQ) were significantly increased in subjective group than control group, but there is no difference between two group in fundamental frequency and noise to harmonic ratio. Conclusion : Untrained professional voice user needs professional career guidance and counseling. And when we manage the untrained professional voice user, we should consider specific occupational, personal and environmental factors as well as laryngeal factors.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2011

The treatment for patients with mutational dysphonia typically is useful with vegetative phonation, but has not yet been studied. This study attempts to identify the effect of $SKTCLP^{(R)}$ using throat clearing and laughing in patients with mutational dysphonia. The study, which was designed by the author, included 26 patients aged from 14 to 32 years (mean: 18.7 years) who had been diagnosed with mutational dysphonia between January 2007 and June 2010. Voice therapy for these patients included $SKTCLP^{(R)}$, ranging from two to seven sessions (mean: 3.8 sessions). Results were evaluated by videostroboscopy, perceptual evaluation of GRBAS scale, aerodynamic test, and acoustic analysis before and after therapy. Most patients could phonate with low pitch from the beginning and sustain with normal pitch sound in the last session. We had found that glottic gap reduced after therapy and anterior-posterior compression of superior laryngeal part at the first time, and these patients had complete closure of the glottis after treatment. The results of acoustic and aerodynamic measures after treatment indicated significant decreases in Fo, Jitter, Shimmer, SFF, and SPI, and increases in MPT, Psub, and vocal efficiency (p<.05). $SKTCLP^{(R)}$ may be a useful treatment method in managing mutational dysphonia. We can suggest this technique may be useful in improving the voice quality of other functional dysphonia having glottal chink or functional aphonia.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.86-89
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• 1996

This is a report of successful conversion arterial switch operation for failed Sunning procedure in transposition of the great arteries(TGA) with ventricular septal defect(VSD). A 15 month-male patient was admitted due to intractable congestive heart failure after Sunning operation was done at the age of 8 months. Angiography revealed marked dysfunction of the morphologic right ventricle with tricuspid regurgitation and residual VSD. The pulmonary ventricle 1 systemic ventricle pressure ratio' of 75/85 at catheter study enabled us to do the take down of denning repair, patch closure of VSD and arterial switch without pulmonary artery banding. After the operation, the baby showed good growth with normal ventricular function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2000

Submucous cleft palate is a relatively uncommon congenital anomaly accompanying velopharyngeal incompetence(VPI). Double opposing Z-plasty has many advantages including prolongation of soft palate, normal midfacial growth, midline scar. We analyzed postoperative results comparing with those of preoperative evaluation by several variables(nasometer, endoscopy, satisfactory scale) in 14 patients treated with double opposing Z-plasty due to submcous cleft palate. Nasalance score in Ah sound, Ma phrase, and Pa phrase decreased 20.23%, 3.25%, and 23.26% in the average, respectively. As a result, hypernasality improved significantly. Closure rate in velum evaluated by endoscopy was increased from 0.44 to 0.76. In objective satisfactory scale checked by each patient's guardian at the postoperative period, much improved in 3, improved in 6, minimally improved in 1, and no difference in 1 was reported. (n=11 patients) Double opposing B-plasty is a good surgical modality in patients accompanying VPI with submucous cleft palate or incomplete cleft palate and will be used more usefully and widely.