• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2020

In this parer we express the sufficient conditions under which it is proved that a J-normal irreduciable Hessenberg matrix is tridiagonal and it is also proved that a similar statement exists for J-conjugate normal matrices

• 대한수학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2006

We call the bipartite graph G is normal provided the reduced adjacency matrix A of G is normal. In this paper we give graph representations of normal matrices. In addition we shall have the characterization of signed bipartite normal graphs.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2003년도 가을 학술논문집
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• pp.601-608
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• 2003

Thermal analyses have been carried out for a spent fuel dry storage cask under normal and off-normal conditions. Environmental temperature is assumed to be $15^{\circ}C$ under the normal condition. The off-normal condition has an environmental temperature of $38^{\circ}C$. An additional off-normal condition is considered as a partial blockage of the air inlet ducts. Two of the four air inlet ducts are assumed to be completely blocked. The maximum temperatures of the fuel rod and concrete overpack were lower than the allowable values under the normal condition. Temperature distributions for the off-normal conditions were slightly higher than the normal conditions.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2019

Concrete-to-concrete bedding planes (CCBP) are observed from time to time due to the multistep hardening process of the concrete materials. In this paper, a series of direct/cyclic shear tests are performed on CCBP under static and dynamic normal load conditions to study the frictional behavior effect by the shear velocities, normal impact frequencies, horizontal shear frequencies, normal impact force amplitudes, horizontal shear displacement amplitudes and normal load levels. According to the experimental results, apparent friction coefficient k ($k=F_{Shear}/F_{Normal}$) shows different patterns under static and dynamic load conditions at the stable shear stage. k is nearly constant in direct shear tests under constant normal load conditions (DCNL), while it is cyclically changing with nearly constant peak value and valley value for the direct shear tests under dynamic normal load conditions (DDNL), where k increases with decreasing normal force and decreases with increasing normal force. Shear velocity has little influence on peak values of k for the DCNL tests, but increasing shear velocity leads to increasing valley values of k for DDNL tests. It is also found that, the valley values of k ascend with decreasing impact normal force amplitude in DDNL tests. The changing pattern of k for the cyclic shear tests under constant and dynamic normal load conditions (CCNL and CDNL tests) are similar, but the peak value of k is smaller in CDNL tests than that in CCNL tests. Normal load levels, shear displacement amplitudes, vertical impact frequencies, horizontal shear frequencies and normal impact force amplitudes have little influence on the changing pattern of k for the cyclic shear tests. The tests of this study provide useful data in understanding the frictional behavior of the CCBP under distinct loadings, and these findings are very important for analyzing the stability of the jointed geotechnical structures under complicated in situ stress conditions.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2023

Achieving realistic visual quality while maintaining optimal real-time rendering performance is a major challenge in evolving computer graphics and interactive 3D applications. Normal mapping, as a core technology in 3D, has matured through continuous optimization and iteration. Hybrid normal mapping as a new mapping model has also made significant progress and has been applied in the 3D asset production pipeline. This study comprehensively explores the hybrid normal techniques, analyzing Linear Blending, Overlay Blending, Whiteout Blending, UDN Blending, and Reoriented Normal Mapping, and focuses on how the various hybrid normal techniques can be used to achieve rendering performance and visual fidelity. performance and visual fidelity. Under the consideration of computational efficiency, visual coherence, and adaptability in different 3D production scenes, we design comparative experiments to explore the optimal solutions of the hybrid normal techniques by analyzing and researching the code, the performance of different hybrid normal mapping in the engine, and analyzing and comparing the data. The purpose of the research and summary of the hybrid normal technology is to find out the most suitable choice for the mainstream workflow based on the objective reality. Provide an understanding of the hybrid normal mapping technique, so that practitioners can choose how to apply different hybrid normal techniques to the corresponding projects. The purpose of our research and summary of mixed normal technology is to find the most suitable choice for mainstream workflows based on objective reality. We summarized the hybrid normal mapping technology and experimentally obtained the advantages and disadvantages of different technologies, so that practitioners can choose to apply different hybrid normal mapping technologies to corresponding projects in a reasonable manner.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.471-477
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• 1999

A new stress, load and displacement controlled direct shear apparatus has recently been developed at the Hyundai Institute of Construction Technology This direct shear apparatus is capable of testing of rock joint under constant normal stiffness, constant normal stress or constant normal load boundary conditions. This paper describes this direct shear apparatus and illustrates results of shear tests at constant normal stress condition, constant normal load condition and constant normal stiffness condition with dental stones which have a same joint roughness and unconfined compressive strength.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.517-527
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• 2014

In this paper, we study affine transformations of normal bases and give an explicit formulation of the multiplication table of an affine transformation of a normal basis. We then discuss constructions of self-dual normal bases using affine transformations of traces of a type I optimal normal basis and of a Gauss period normal basis.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2008

This study discusses Johnson's $S_U$-normal distribution capturing a wide range of non-normality in various regression models. We provide the likelihood inference using Johnson's $S_U$-normal distribution, and propose a likelihood ratio (LR) test for normality. We also apply the $S_U$-normal distribution to the binary and censored regression models. Monte Carlo simulations are used to show that the LR test using the $S_U$-normal distribution can be served as a model specification test for normal error distribution, and that the $S_U$-normal maximum likelihood (ML) estimators tend to yield more reliable marginal effect estimates in the binary and censored model when the error distributions are non-normal.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 1994

Though normal vocal cords show regular vibration, pathologic vocal cords show irregularity between peaks. Jitter means fluctuation in the time interval between peaks, and Shimmer means cycle to cycle variation in the amplitude of the peaks. We investigated the vocal vibration of Korean normal persons objectively. The fundamental frequency, Jitter, Shimmer and SNR(signal to noise ratio) of normal persons were compared with that of vocal Polyp Patients with CSpeech Program for the possibility of distinguishing the pathologic vocal vibration from normal. The results were as follows ; Comparing the fundamental frequency of vocal Polyp Patients with normal persons, great change was noted only in female cases. But the Jitter and Shimmer of vocal polyp patients were greater than normal significantly in both male and female cases. SNR was lower than normal in vocal polyp patients. In the conclusion, fundamental frequency, Jitter, Shimmer and SNR might be meaningful parameters distinguisuing pathologic vibration from normal.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송∙미디어공학회 2020년도 하계학술대회
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• pp.257-260
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• 2020

본 논문은 단일의 옷감 이미지로 가상의 그래픽 렌더링을 위해 Pix2Pix 방법을 이용하여 Normal map 을 생성하는 방법을 제시한다. 구체적으로 단일의 이미지를 이용해서 Normal map 를 생성하기 위해, Color image 와 Normal map 쌍의 training dataset 을 Pix2Pix 방법을 이용해서 학습시킨다 또한, test dataset 의 Color image 를 입력으로 넣어 생성된 Normal map 결과를 확인한다. 그리고 선행연구에서 사용되어오던 U-Net 방식의 방법과 본 논문에서 사용한 Pix2Pix 를 이용한 Normal map 생성 결과를 SSIM(Structural Similarity Index)으로 비교 평가한다. 또한, 생성된 Normal map 을 렌더링하고자 하는 가상 객체의 사이즈에 맞게 사이즈를 조정하여 OpenGL 로 렌더링한 결과를 확인한다. 본 논문을 통해서 단일의 패턴 이미지를 Pix2Pix 로 생성한 Normal map 으로 옷감의 디테일을 사실감 있게 표현할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.