• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.635-641
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• 1999

In this study, we investigated the immunopotent activities of lepidan, a water soluble proteoglycan from Lentinus lepideus. To examine whether lepidan may affect nonspecific immune responses, we determined the effect on the production of nitric oxide (NO). Lepidan effectively increased the NO production in IFN-${\gamma}$ and LPS triggered RAW 264.7 cells. To further demonstrate the evidence that lepidan activates various immune cells, we determined the alkaline phosphatase activity, plaque-forming cell number and secretion of interleukine-4 (IL-4) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) after lepidan treatment in murine splenocytes. The results showed that lepidan increased alkaline phosphatase activity and the number of plaque-forming cells, which indicates that lepidan can lead B lymphocytes to late stage of differentiation. Also, when the splenocytes were cultured with lepidan for 48 hr, the level of IL-4 and GM-CSF in the supernatant dramatically increased. Taken together, these data suggest that lepidan is a biological response modulator that is able to activate immune responses.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.220-225
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• 2003

The Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is a symptom complex with unilateral painful ophthalmoplegia associated with retro-orbital pain, proptosis and Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ-1, Ⅵ cranial nerves palsy due to nonspecific granulomatous inflammation in the superior orbital fissure or cavernous sinus. We experienced a 50 years old female patient with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome who had several clinical signs and symptoms such as ocular pain, headache, sensory loss of face, diplopia, and visual disturbance. In the point of Differentiation of Syndrome(辨證). this subject was diagnosed as Deficiency of yin in liver and kidney(肝腎陰虛), and was administrated with Yangyeummyungmoktang-Gamibang. After treatment of acupuncture and herbal medicine above symptoms were improved.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2022

Objectve: To inform a clinical usefulness of Nangan-geon (暖肝煎) decoction to treat a refractory abdominal pain especially in eldery. Methods: This case report presents an 85-year old male patient who had been suffered with a refractory abdominal pain without any abnormality in laboratory test and radiological examination for 5-years. The clinical outcome was observed by numerical rating scale (NRS) of self-reporting method. Results: Based on his previous multiple normal examination results from Western hospitals and clinical features including thin body (19.6 BMI), nocturnal pain around lower abdomen and cold-sensitivity, author diagnosed him as "deficiency and cold of liver-Qi (肝氣虛寒)" similar to intestinal spasm. After prescription with Nangan-geon (暖肝煎) for one month, all symptoms became improved notably (NRS 5), and almost completely recovered as a level of normal condition in 3 months (NRS 1). Conclusion: This study would show the potential of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) therapies for a refractory functional abdominal pain, and especially efficacy of Nangan-geon against cold-pattern of nonspecific abdominal pain in elderly patients.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.70-75
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• 2004

The CMV promoter driven lacZ reporter gene (pcDNA-lacZ) was constructed and used for DNA immunization study. The expression of the lacZ gene was confirmed in vitro using RTG-2 cell line before using for in vivo study in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). In the dose response study, the maximum expression of the lacZ gene was found in the group injected with 5 ${\mu} g$ of the plasmid DNA. Kinetic study showed a significantly increased expression of $\beta-galactosidase$ gene at 7 days after injection. Effects of DNA vaccine on specific and nonspecific immune responses such as antibody and NO production were studied and the significant effect was found in olive flounder injected with 10 and 15 ${\mu} g$ DNA (sub optimal dose for lacZ gene expression). Two pro inflammatory cytokine genes, $IL-l\beta$ and $TNF-\alpha$, were also found to be up regulated in the muscle injected with the plasmid, suggesting an induction of local inflammatory response.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 1976

The Sam Mool Injin extract is occasionally used as a kind of remedies for the treatment of hepatic discomfort in herb medicine. The study for the effect on the hepatic parenchymal cells, especially regenerating activity and even its toxicity have. little been done and only a very few pharmacological properties have been reported. So, an experimental study for the morphologic changes in the acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning of wister rat by administration of its extract has been performed. Male Wister rat weighing around 200gm were used in this experiment. Results were as follows; 1) In the $Ccl_4$ 0.3c.c 7day group, there is noted considerable increase of regenerating activity in the experimental group compared with non-extract treated group, in half of them. 2) Remaining all of the experimental group do not show significant difference of regenerating activity compared with control group. 3) In the group treated with Sam Mool Injin extract alone, there was noted some considerable increase of nonspecific leukocytic infiltrations compared with saline control group. This can be considered as a possibility of hepatic tissue reaction on the Sam Mool Injin extract.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.84 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2021

Several clinical trials are being conducted worldwide to investigate the protective effect of the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against death in healthcare providers who are working directly with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Clinical studies suggested that certain live vaccines, particularly the BCG vaccine, could reduce the mortality due to other diseases caused by non-targeted pathogens, most probably through the nonspecific effects (heterologous effects). By the end of May 2020, the available information on the COVID-19 pandemic indicated the great effect of the BCG vaccine in reducing the number of COVID-19 death cases. The occurrence of death due to COVID-19 was found to be 21-fold lower in countries with a national BCG vaccination policy than in countries without such a policy, based on the medians of COVID-19 death case per 1 million of the population in these two groups of countries (p<0.001, Mann-Whitney test). Therefore, it can be concluded that the early establishment of a BCG vaccination policy in any country is a key element in reducing the number of COVID-19 and tuberculosis death cases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.560-564
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• 2000

Background; Aprotinin, which is a nonspecific serine protease inhibitor, has an antiinflammatory and thrombogenic effect. However, it has an antithrombogenic effect during the cardiopulmonary bypass. This study was performed to evaluated the effects of aprotinin on the activated clotting time(ACT) and the total amount of the heparin used during the cardiopulmonary bypass. Marterial and Method; From December 1998 to November 1999, 82 consecutive patients electively underwent open heart surgery at Gachon medical school. The patients were older than 18 years. Eighty two patients were classified into a control group(group C, n=36) and a aprotinin-treated group(group A, n=46). Body weight, height, body surface area(BSA), pump time(PT), aortic cross clamping time(ACCT), and body temperature(BT) were determined. Total amount of heparin and protamine during the CPB were also measured. ACT was determined before heparin administration, at 20, 40 and 60 minutes after heparin administration, and after protamine administration. Result; No significant differences were noted in either group in body weight, height, BSA, BT, and the total amoun of heparin and protamine. Group A demonstrated a significant(p <0.05) increase in age, PT, ACCT, and ACT at 20, 40, and 60 minutes after heparin administration. Conclusion; In summary, the use of aprotinin prime resulted in an increase in ACT. The total amount of heparin in aproinin-treated patient was similar to that of the control group in spite of having the prolonged pump time. Therefore aprotinin may reduce the requirement of heparin.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2001

This experiment was designed to evaluate effects of nonspecific immunostimulator(NIS) Barodon-FX(equation omitted), anionic alkali mineral complex and far-infrared radiation solution on in vivo-produced mouse and in vitro-produced bovine embryos to blastocyst development. Proportion of mouse embryos developing into blastocyst was not greater in BSA- and Barodon-added medium than in BSA-control, but there was signifcantly different(P ＜ 0.05) in hatching and hatched blastocyst development between 0.25% Barodon-and PVP-contained medium(54.7%) than PVP-control(32.5%). BOEC and GC resulted in higher proliferation rate(24∼40% and 17∼22%, respectively) in 0.25∼0.5% Barodon-added medium than in controls, but proliferation of GC and CC greatly decreased in 1∼2% Barodon-added medium. Effect of Barodon on cell proliferation greatly varied among somatic cells. Proportion of early bovine embryos developing into morula and blastocyst was significantly greater(P ＜ 0.05) in 0.5% Barodon-added medium(50% and 63.6%) than in control(31.6% and 27.4%) under co-culture with BOEC and GC, but developmental rate was not different between other Barodon treatments and control. These data indicate that effect of Barodon on cell proliferation significantly varied between somatic cells and that addition of 0.5% Barodon in BOEC-coculture system may further improve blastocyst development in early bovine embryos.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.33-39
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• 1977

It has been reported that administration of Ginseng powder to the Guinea pig reduces anaphylactic shook induced by horse serum (Lee, 1939). However, Lee et al. (1960) and Paik et al. (1976) have demonstrated that Ginseng increases capillary permeabilites and histamine release from the mast cell. These facts suggest that Ginseng acts directly on the bronchial muscle causing it to dilate. Recently, a number of investigators(Kidakawa & Iwasiro 1963; Takagi et al. 1973) have reported that Ginseng reverses acetylcholine- or histamine- induced contraction in the isolated Guinea pig ileum. We, therefore, undertook the present study to examine if Ginseng relaxes the spasm of bronchial muscle induced by acetylcholine or histamine. We have also attempted to identify the mechanism of the Ginseng effect. Male Guinea Pig was sacrificed by a blow on the head, The trachea was removed and sectioned with scissors into about 12 rings. After the 'C' shaped ring of cartilage was sectioned the one end of ring was tied to the bottom of the incubation bath and the other end was connected to a force transducer (FTO 3C) to record tension on a Polygraph. When the antispasmodic action of Ginseng effect was first examined in the normal trachea which was not treated by the drug. And then the Ginseng effect was tested in the muscle treated by histamine hydrochloride, acetylcholine hydrochloride or barium chloride. The results indicate that Ginseng alcohol extract relaxes the contraction of isolated tracheal muscle induced by histamine $(1{\mu}g/ml{\sim}10{\mu}g/ml)$, acetylcholine $(1{\mu}g/ml{\sim}5{\mu}g/ml)$ and barium chloride (1.5 mg/ml). The mechanism of this action is in Pa.1 due to nonspecific antimuscarinic and antihistaminic effect and in part by predominant action in the adrenergic ${\beta}-receptor$ although the ${\alpha}-receptor$ is also involved. We, therefore, conclude that Ginseng can be act as a bronchodilator.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.64-70
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• 2003

Background and Purpose : Allergic rhinitis is a well-known, relatively controllable chronic disease. Although a number of methods for treating allergic rhinitis have been tried, many patients have not been satisfied with their treatment. Therefore, this study tried to evaluate the effect of a cooperative system of Oriental and Western medicine and to develop a new diagnosis protocol for treatment of allergic rhinitis. Methods : We measured improvement rate and acoustic rhinometry after the allergeninduction test and performed a filter paper test as a nonspecific hypersensitivity test with 60 patients who are allergic to house dust mite. Patients were divided into two groups, one treated with Western medicine only and one treated with both Western and Oriental herbal medicine. For the group with Western medicine only, antihistamine for one week and local steroid medicine for two weeks were prescribed. For the group with combined medicine, Oriental herbal medicine was prescribed according to the patient s constitution, along with Western medicine. After all treatments, the above tests were re-performed and the improvement rate was compared. Results and Conclusion : We observed better results in the group treated with both Western and Oriental herbal medicines, comparing improvement rate and the alteration of total nasal volume through acoustic rhinometry after the allergen induction test. In the filter paper test, there was no significant difference between the two groups. In conclusion, we showed the additive effect of Oriental herbal medicine without any severe side effects compared with treatment with Western medicine only. In this study, we set only two patient groups, but further study is required to create various experimental groups and compare among them. We suggest that it might enhance understanding of the improved effect of Oriental herbal medicine in the therapy of allergic rhinitis.