• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.110-114
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• 1987

To correlate the conformational changes of DNA (Calf Thymus) with entrapment of DNA into liposomes, the effect of ions ($Na^+$, $Mg^{++}$on the entrapment of calf thymus DNA into liposomes was investigated. The effect of divalent ion ($Mg^{++}$ on the structural changes of DNA indicated by decrease of observed ellipticity at 274 nm and nonspecific binding of DNA to lipid bilayers was greater than monovalent ion ($\Na^+$). But the efficiency of DNA encapsulated was not altered. These results show that entrapment of DNA into liposomes is not due to nonspecific binding and structural changes because of electrostatic forces but to mechanical capture of DNA by the internal aqueous space of liposomes although divalent ion contributes large structural changes and more nonspecific association of DNA with liposomes due to strong charges.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2021

Purpose : It is necessary to demonstrate the effect of non-invasive and non-pharmacological interventions such as manual therapy and therapeutic exercise for the management of nonspecific neck pain. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of myofascial release therapy plus therapeutic exercise for disability owing to neck pain and quality of life in individuals with nonspecific neck pain. Methods : Eighteen participants with nonspecific neck pain were randomly allocated to intervention (n=9) and control groups (n=9). The intervention group received a myofascial release therapy for 20 min and performed neck stabilization exercises for 30 min twice a week for 4 weeks. The control group performed neck stabilization exercises for 30 min twice a week for 4 weeks at the same time points as the intervention group. Disability owing to neck pain and quality of life were quantified using the neck disability index (NDI) and the Korean version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF), respectively. NDI and WHOQOL-BREF were assessed before and after intervention. Results : The disability owing to neck pain significantly changed between the groups over time (total score of NDI, p=.049). There were significant time and group interactions in pain (pain intensity of NDI, p=.035) and concentration (concentration of NDI, p=.049). Personal care, lifting, reading, headaches, work, driving, sleeping, and recreation did not show significant improvement between the groups over time. Total score, overall quality of life and general health, physical health domain, psychological domain, social relationships domain, and environmental domain quantified by WHOQOL-BREF did not show significant improvements between the groups over time. Conclusion : These results suggest the clinical use of myofascial release therapy in addition to therapeutic exercise for the management of nonspecific neck pain. Further studies are needed to generalize the findings of this study.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1975

This study was divided into two parts. In the first experiment, the in vitro antimicrobial effect was tested in order to evaluate the effect of vapors, and the effectiveness of the nonspecific endodontic medicaments (formocresol, camphorated parachlorophenol and eugenol). In the second experiment, the intracanal effect was tested in vitro under simulated clinical condition. The actual bactericidal effect of the nonspecific endodontic medicaments (formocresol, camphorated parachlorophenol and eugenol) was quantitated. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The zone of inhibition was appeared on the vapors of formocresol only, however there were no zone of inhibition appeared on the vapors of camphorated parachlorophenol and eugenol. 2. Formocresol produced the widest zone of inhibition and eugenol, the next and camphorated parachlorophenol, the narrowest. 3. All of the tested medicaments were vaporized in the root canal. They proved to be the effective antimicrobial activity in the root canal. 4. All of the tested medicaments were showed more bactericidal effect at 72 hours than 48 hours. 5. In comparing with the bactericidal effect of the tested medicaments in the root canal, formocresol was showed the most bactericidal medicament, camphorated parachlorophenol was showed the least. 6. Complete sterilization of the root canal was not achieved in any medicaments applied in this study.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.255-261
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• 1999

The effect of biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (PMC) on the cellular and nonspecific immunosuppressions by ketoconazole (KCZ) was investigated in ICR mice. PMC at a dose of 6 mg/kg was administered orally to mice daily for 14 consecutive days. KCZ was suspended in RPMI 1640 medium and orally administered at 160 mg/kg/day 2 hrs after the administration of PMC. Immune responses of the delayed-type hypersensitively (DTH) reaction to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), phagocytic activity and natural killer (NK) cell activity were evaluated. DTH reaction to SRBC was enhanced to normal level by the combination of PMC and KCZ, as compared with treatment of KCZ alone. In the combination of PMC and KCZ, as compared with treatment of KCZ alone, there were also significant increases in activities of natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes along with circulating leukocytes. These findings indicate that PMC shows a significant restoration from the immunotoixc status induced by KCZ.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2016

Background: Shoulder stabilization commonly involves two components: the glenohumeral stabilization exercise (GSE) and scapular stabilization exercise (SSE). Despite the fact that the shoulder stabilization has advantageous merit, to our knowledge, only a few studies have compared the superior of the GSE and the SSE. Objects: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of GSE in patients with nonspecific shoulder pain. Methods: Thirty subjects with nonspecific shoulder pain were randomly divided into an experimental group and control group, each with 15 patients. The experimental group used an GSE, whereas the control group did SSE. All subjects were measured in shoulder stability, scapular symmetric alignment, pain, muscle power, and range of motion before and after the intervention. Results: GSE resulted in significantly better shoulder stability (p=.046, from $8.67{\pm}7.54$ score to $13.93{\pm}9.40$) in the experimental group compared with SSE in the control group. However, no significant effects were observed for scapular symmetric alignment including the angles of inferior scapular distance (p=.829) and inferior scapular height difference (p=.735), pain (p=.113), muscle power including shoulder flexion (p=.723) and abduction (p=.897) and range of motion including shoulder flexion (p=.853) and abduction (p=.472). Conclusion: These findings suggest that GSE may be more effective in increasing the shoulder stability than the SSE in patients with nonspecific shoulder pain, probably through a centralization effect on the shoulder mechanism.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.275-280
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• 2009

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of diseases characterized by pulmonary interstitial inflammation. Finally the inflammation results in pulmonary fibrosis and impairment of oxygen transportation. The causes of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) are unknown. Diagnosis of IIP is not easy, especially distinguising between nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). First line treatments of IIP include corticosteroids and immune modulators, which have limited effect. Currently, several drugs are being researched to prevent and treat fibrosis. Newer drugs that may useful to treat pulmonary fibrosis include endothelin receptor antagonist, recombinant soluble TNF receptor antagonist, and cotrimoxazole. The causes of IIP are largely unknown, treatment is not specific, and prognosis is poor. Recent studies are underway to investigate the pathogenesis and treatment of IIP and pulmonary fibrosis. As the pathogenesis of IIP is elucidated, better treatments will emerge.

• 한국환경생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생물학회 2004년도 학술대회
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• pp.108-110
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• 2004

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2006

돼지에게 실험물질을 투여후 4주령과 3개월령에서 뽑은 혈액에서의 면역 증강력을 측정하기 위하여 우선 선행되어야 할 건강한 개체여부를 판단하기 위하여 혈액분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과에서는 의뢰한 개체군에서 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 이 결과로부터 본 실험에서의 면역 증강 수치 결과가 질병에 의한 결과가 아닌 개체 자체의 면역 증강성이 높아져있음을 판단 할 수 있는 근거가 되었다. 생체에서의 면역성은 크게 세포성 면역과 체액성 면역으로 나눌 수 있는데 세포성 면역의 대표적인 사이토카인인 IFN-r를 측정한 결과, 4주령에서는 대조군과 비교하여 유의적인 증가를 나타내는 군이 DIR-vitamineral 0.2%군이었으며, 다른 군에서는 유의적인 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 3개월령에서는 대조군농도인 38.5와 비교하였을 때 임뮤포르테알파, DIR-vita 0.1%, DIR-vitamineral 0.2%에서 유의적인 증가가 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로부터 DIR-vitamineral 0.2%는 4주령 및 3개월령에서 고른 면역 증강력을 확인 할 수 있었으며, 임뮤포르테알파, DIR-vita 0.1%는 3개월령에서 증강성이 확인된 결과를 나타내는 것으로 미루어보아 시간이 경과하면서 면역증강성을 나타내는것으로 사료된다. 또한, DIR-vita 0.2%의 경우에는 오히려 3개월령에서 면역 증강성에 있어서 유의적인 효능이 확인되지 않는 결과가 나타난것으로 미루어 그 적정농도를 DIR-vita 0.1%로 맞추는 것이 효과적일 것으로 판단된다. 한편, 체액성 면역에 있어서는 측정한 IgG, IgM, Total Ig모두에서 대조군과 비교하여 유의적인 변화를 나타내는 군은 관찰되지 않았다. 이러한 결과로부터 실험에 사용한 면역기능 증강물질들이 생체 내에서 면역방어기전을 세포성면역인 T 림파구와 관련하여 활성화되는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 실험에 사용된 물질 중 DIR-vitamineral 0.2%이 가장 효과적인 생체 내 면역기능 활성화를 나타내는 것으로 파악되었다. 실험에 사용된 물질 5가지의 생체내 면역기능활성화의 효과를 비교해 보면, 가장 효과적인 물질은 DIR-vitamineral 0.2%로 밝혀졌으며, 그 다음으로 DIR-vitamineral 0.1%, 임뮤포르테알파, DIR-vita 0.1% 순으로 효과적인 것으로 파악되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 돼지에서 실험에 사용한 면역기능 신물질의 생체 면역증강 효과를 확인할 수 있었으며, 생산성 향상과 함께 세포성 면역증진에 따른 효과적인 질병방어기전 형성을 유도함이 인정되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.1358-1366
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• 2016

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the immune-enhancing activity of selenizing Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (sCPPS₅) in nonspecific immune response. In in vitro experiment, the results showed that sCPPS₅ could promote the phagocytic uptake, NO production, and TNF-α and IL-6 secretion of RAW264.7 cells. sCPPS₅ could also strongly increase the IκB-α degradation in the cytosol and the translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit into the nucleus of RAW264.7 cells. In the vivo experiment, sCPPS₅ at medium doses could significantly improve the phagocytic index of peritoneal macrophages and induce the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6. Moreover, the effect of sCPPS₅ was significantly better than Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CPPS). These results indicated that selenylation modification could significantly enhance the immune-enhancing activity of CPPS in the nonspecific immune response.

• 약학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 1989

The cellular and nonspecific immune response of EPA were investigated in mice. ICR male mice were divided into 8 groups and received intraperiteneal injection of EPA (5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Cyclophosphamide (5 mg/kg) was administered i.p. 2days prior to secondary immunization. Immune responses were evaluated by hypersensitivity to SRBC(DTH), rosette forming cell(RFC), natural killer(NK) cell activity and macrophage activity. The obtanined results were as follows: As compared to normal group, 1) DTH was increased by EPA 5 mg, 10 mg administration groups. 2) RFC was significantly increased by EPA 20 mg administration group. 3) NK-Cell activity was significantly increased by EPA 10 mg administration group. 4) Macrophase activity was enhanced by EPA 5 mg administration group.