• 한국농공학회지
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• 제32권E호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1990

Abstract Over the last several decades, crop production in the United States increased largely due to the extensive use of animal waste and fertilizers as plant nutrient supplements, and pesticides for crops pests and weed control. Without the application of animal waste best management, the use of animal waste can result in nonpoint source pollution from agricultural land area. In order to increase nutrient levels and decrease contamination from agricultural lands, nonpoint source pollution is responsible for water quality degradation. Nonpoint source pollutants such as animal waste, ferilizers, and pesticides are transported primarily through runoff from agricultural areas. Nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, can be a major water quality problem because they cause eutrophic algae growth. In 1985, it was presented that Watershed/Water Quality Monitoring for Evaluation BMP Effectiveness was implemented for Nomini Creek Watershed, located in Westmoreland County, Virginia. The watershed is predominantly agricultural and has an aerial extent of 1505 ha of land, with 43% under cropland, 54% under woodland, and 3% as homestead and roads. Rainfall data was collected at the watershed from raingages located at sites PNI through PN 7. Streams at stations QN I and QN2 were being measured with V-notch weirs. Water levels at the stream was measured using an FW-l Belfort (Friez FWl). The water quality monitoring system was designed to provide comprehensive assessment of the quality of storm runoff and baseflow as influenced by changes in landuse, agronomic, and cultural practices ill the watershed. As this study was concerned with the Nomini Creek Watershed, the separation of storm runoff and baseflow measured at QNI and QN2 was given by the master depletion curve method, and the loadings of baseflow and storm runoff for TN (Total Nitrogen) and TP (Total Phosphorus) were analyzed from 1987 through 1989. The results were studied for the best management practices to reduce contamination and loss of nutrients, (e.g., total nitrogen and total phosphorus) by nonpoint source pollution from agricultural lands.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.907-915
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• 2010

Agriculture nonpoint pollution source is a significant contributor to water quality degradation. To establish effective water quality control policy, environpolitics establishment person must be able to estimate nonpoint source loads to lakes and streams. To meet this need for orchard area, we investigated a real rainfall runoff phenomena about it. We developed nonpoint source runoff estimation models for vineyard area that has lots of fertilizer, compost specially between agricultural areas. Data used in nonpoint source estimation model gained from real measuring runoff loads and it surveyed for two years(2008-2009 year) about vineyard. Nonpoint source runoff loads estimation models were composed of using independent variables(rainfall, storm duration time(SDT), antecedent dry weather period(ADWP), total runoff depth(TRD), average storm intensity(ASI), average runoff intensity(ARI)). Rainfall, total runoff depth and average runoff intensity among six independent variables were specially high related to nonpoint source runoff loads such as BOD, COD, TN, TP, TOC and SS. The best regression model to predict nonpoint source runoff load was Model 6 and regression factor of all water quality items except for was $R^2=0.85$.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2007년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1008-1013
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• 2007

The objectives of the paper were to identify appropriate best management practices (BMPs) for reducing nonpoint source (NPS) pollutant loadings and to simulate the effects of the application of the several BMP scenarios on the study watershed using Agricultural Nonpoint Source (AGNPS) model. AGNPS model was calibrated and validated for runoff, sediment yield, and nutrient components using the observed hydrologic and water quality data. The simulated runoff, sediment, and nutrient components were well agreed with observed data. The validated AGNPS was applied to estimate the NPS pollution removal efficiency for BMP scenarios which were selected considering the pollutant characteristics of the study watershed.

• 생태와환경
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.135-147
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• 2018

In order to investigate the runoff characteristics of nonpoint source pollutants in the Lake Doam watershed, water quality and flow rate were monitored for 38-rainfall events from 2009 to 2016. The EMC values of SS, COD, TN and TP were in the range of 33~2,169, 3.5~56.9, 0.09~7.65 and $0.06{\sim}2.21mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. As a result of analyzing the effect of rainfall factor on the nonpoint source pollutant load, EMCs of SS, COD and TP showed a statistically significant correlation with rainfall (RA) (p<0.01) and SS showed highly significant correlation with maximum rainfall intensity (MRI, R=0.48). The load ranges of SS, COD, TN and TP were 10.4~11,984.6, 1.1~724.4, 0.6~51.6 and $0.03{\sim}22.85ton\;event^{-1}$, respectively, showing large variation depending on the characteristics of rainfall events. The effect of rainfall on the load was analyzed. SS, COD and TP showed a positive correlation, but TN did not show any significant correlation. The annual load of SS was the highest with $88,645tons\;year^{-1}$ in 2011 when rainfall was the highest with 1,669 mm. The result of impact analysis of nonpoint source pollution reduction project and land-use change on runoff load showed that pollutant load significantly reduced from 2009 to 2014 but SS and TP loads were increased from 2014 to 2016 due to increase in construction area. Therefore, we suggested that nonpoint source pollution abatement plan should be continued to reduce the soil loss and pollutants during rainfall, and countermeasures to reduce nonpoint source pollution due to construction need to be established.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2013

Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) model which is a distributed watershed model was applied to analyze the spatial distribution of surface runoff and nonpoint source pollutant loading from Imha watershed during 2001~2010. L-THIA CN Calibration Tool linked with SCE-UA was developed to calibrate surface runoff automatically. Calibration (2001~2005) and validation (2006~2010) of monthly surface runoff were represented as 'very good' model performance showing 0.91 for calibration and 0.89 for validation as Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) values. Average annual surface runoff from Imha watershed was 218.4 mm and Banbyun subwatershed was much more than other watersheds due to poor hydrologic condition. Average annual nonpoint source pollutant loading from Imha wateshed were 2,295 ton/year for $BOD_5$, 14,752 ton/year for SS, 358 ton/year for T-N, and 79 ton/year for T-P. Amount of pollutant loading and pollutant loading rates from Banbyun watershed were much higher than other watersheds. As results of analysis of loading rate from grid size ($30m{\times}30m$), most of high 10 % of loading rate were generated from upland. Therefore, major hot spot area to manage nonpoint source pollution in Imha watershed is the combination of upland and Banbyun subwatershed. L-THIA model is easy to use and prepare input file and useful tool to manage nonpoint source pollution at screening level.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 비점오염원 설치신고 대상 개발사업장 중 골프장 개발사업장의 배출특성 및 관리실태를 파악하고, 이를 토대로 골프장 개발사업장의 비점오염 관리 방안을 마련하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 비점오염의 정의에 대하여 살펴보고 비점오염을 관리하기 위한 방법으로 발생억제와 배출억제 방안들에 대해 고찰하고 현재 골프장 개발사업장에서 운영되고 있는 비점오염 저감시설의 특징과 이에 대한 문제점을 분석하였다. 골프장 비점오염 관리를 위한 모니터링 방안을 조사한 결과, 골프장 건설전, 건설중, 건설후로 구 분하여 모니터링을 실시할 필요가 있으며, 골프장 건설중 모니터링은 유사량과 토양유실에 집중할 필요가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 골프장에서 발생하는 비점오염을 저감하기 위한 방법으로 골프장 건설단계에 따라 대책을 마련하는 방법과 비점오염의 발생원인에 따라 침식 억제와 유사운송억제로 구분하여 대책을 마련하는 방법, 오염물질의 저감을 위한 방법에 따라 구조적, 비구조적 대책으로 구분하여 대책을 마련하는 것이 있다. 골프장 건설사업장에서 발생하는 비점오염을 저감하기 위해 체계적인 모니터링을 통해 비점오염의 거동을 분석하고 골프장 건설단계, 발생원인, 비점오염 저감을 위한 방법등을 고려하여 적절한 비점오염 저감시설을 설치하여 효과적으로 비점오염을 저감하는 대책을 마련하는 것이 필요하다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2012

A long-term nationwide nonpoint-source pollution monitoring program was initiated by the Ministry of Environment Republic of Korea (ME) in 2007. Monitoring devices including rain gauges, flow meters, and automatic samplers were installed in monitoring sites to collect dynamic runoff data in 2008-2009. More than 10 rainfall events with three or more antecedent dry days were monitored per year. More than 10 samples were collected and analyzed per event. So far, five land use types (single family, apartments, education facilities, power plants, and other public facilities) have been monitored 23 to 24 times each. Characterization of the runoff from different land use types will aid unit load estimation in Korea and hopefully in other countries with similar land use. The monitoring results will be reported regularly at national and international levels.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 1997

A geographical resource analysis support system (GRASS) was incorporated to an input and output processor for the agricultural nonpoint source pollution (AGNPS) model. The resulting interface system, GIS-AGNPS was a user-friendly, menu-driven system. GIS-AGNPS was developed to automatically process the input and output data from GIS-based data using GRASS and Motif routines. GIS-AGNPS was consisted of GISAGIN which was an input processor for the AGNPS model, GISAGOUT a output processor for the AGNPS and management submodel. The system defines an input data set for AGNPS from attributes of basic and thematic maps. It also provides with editing modes so that users can adjust and detail the values for selected input parameters, if needed. The post-processor at the system displays graphically the outputs from AGNPS, which may he used to identify areas significantly contributing nonpoint source pollution loads.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제48권9호
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• pp.695-709
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• 2015

지속적인 개발과 도시화로 인하여 하천으로 유입되는 비점오염원의 비율 역시 점차 증가하는 추세이며 비점오염원이 수질악화에 미치는 영향은 점점 더 커지고 있다. 하천의 수질오염을 발생시키는 비점오염원 해결방안을 모색하고 있지만 도시화에 따른 수문현상변동 및 자연현상과 관련된 문제라 연구에 어려움이 많다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 총량원단위법과 달리 유역의강우 및 도시화 특성과 처리장 운영자료를 활용하여 차별화된 비점오염원 산정 방법을 제시하였다. 하수처리장의 배수구역 내 관거시스템을 합류식으로 가정하여 강우 시 하수처리장의 배수구역별 비점 발생형태는 하수처리장 강우유 입량, 하수처리장 우회유량(bypass) 및 하천토구의 CSO의 3가지로 크게 구분하여 적용함으로써 오염부하량을 산정함으로써 오염총량 단위유역 및 하수처리구역의 관리를 위한 비교자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2000

본 연구의 목적은 GIS와 RS(Landsat TM, KOMPSAT EOC) 데이터를 이용한 AGNPS(Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution) 모형의 적용성을 판단하기 위한 것이다. AGNPS 모형은 잘 알려진 분포형 강우사상 모형으로써 이 모형은 밭의 시비수준과 축산농가의 오염 부하 수준을 적용할 수 있어 이를 효율적으로 관리할 수 있는 방법을 평가 할 수 있다. 본 연구의 대상 유역은 경기도 안성군 고산면(정동리, 야동리, 쌍령리)에 위치하고, 20개의 소규모 축산 농가가 산재해 있는 면적 $4.12km^2$ 내에 소유역이다. AGNPS 모형의 입력 데이터는 Arc/Info, GRASS, ER-Mapper, Idrisi를 사용하여 구축되었다. 모형의 보정 및 검증을 위해 사용된 강우 자료는 1시간 간격으로 관측된 1999년의 4개의 강우사상(5월 18일, 7월 29일, 9월 10일, 9월 20일)을 사용하였고, 수질 측정은 4개의 지점에서 측정된 실측자료를 사용하였다.