• 환경영향평가
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.163-176
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the pollutant loads and its distribution, and to suggest the management of nonpoint sources in Daechong Reservoir. The loads from point and nonpoint sources such as population, industry, livestock and land use were calculated per stream or river with topography(1:25,000) of the watershed of Daechong Reservoir. The generating pollutant loads were obtained through multiplication of pollutant sources by generating pollutant quantity per unit pollutant source. The effluent point sources loads is defined as loads from wastewater treatment facilities such as domestic, industrial and livestock wastewater treatment facilities, which were calculated through multiplication of effluent flowrates by water quality constituents concentration. Untreated point sources loads were estimated to be 35 % of total point sources loads. The effluent nonpoint sources pollutant loads were obtained through the multiplication of generating nonpoint sources loads by effluent ratios based on previous studies. The effluent nonpoint sources loads have the ratio of 26.2% of total BOD effluent loadings, 20.1% of total T-N effluent loadings, and 10.5% of total T-P effluent loadings. For the reduction of nonpoint sources loads in Daechong Reservoir, silviculture, artificial wet land, and grassed waterways could be applied. And untreated livestock waste scattered can result in nonpoint loadings, so required the livestock wastes treatment facilities and purifying facilities together with the management of shed, pasture, livestock waste storage site and composting site. Finally, remote sensing and GIS should be applied to the identification of distribution of water quality, watershed, the location and scale of nonpoint sources, effluent process during rainfall, for more detailed analysis of nonpoint sources.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2006

AnnAGNPS model would be applied to simulate the pollutant removal capacity with the buffer strip in the Deachung reservoir watershed. In 2002, 2,270 tons of TN and 221 tons of TP were discharged from the nonpoint source pollutants in this watershed. During the rainy season, from June to September, 66.4% of TN and 71.9% of TP resulted from nonpoint source loads. AnnAGNPS model was also used to simulate the nutrients removal capacity from the buffer strip under the condition that the present landuse would be changed to forest. As the result of simulation, the removal rates of nutrients from the buffer strip of Daecheong reservoir watershed are 406 tons of TN, 39 tons of TP, which means reduction rates are TN 17.9%, TP 17.8%, respectively.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2007

A mathematical modeling program called Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was applied to Hwaseong watershed. It was run under BASINS (Better Assessment Science for Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources) program, and the model was validated using monitoring data of $2002{\sim}2005$. The model efficiency of runoff ranged from good to fair in comparison between simulated and observed data, while it was from very good to poor in the water quality parameters. But its reliability and performance were within the expectation considering complexity of the watershed and pollutant sources. The nonpoint source (NPS) loading for T-N and T-P during the monsoon rainy season (June to September) was about 80% of total NPS loading, and runoff volume was also in a similar range. However, NPS loading for BOD ($55{\sim}60%$) didn't depend on rainfall because BOD was mostly discharged from point source (more than 70%). And water quality was not necessarily high during the rainy season, and showed a decreasing trend with increasing water flow. BASINS/HSPF was applied to the Hwaseong watershed successfully without difficulty, and it was found that the model could be used conveniently to assess watershed characteristics and to estimate pollutant loading including point and nonpoint sources in watershed scale.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.437-440
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• 2008

In recent years, pollution load calculation has become a topic for research that resulted in the development of numerous GIS modeling methods. The existing pollution method for nonpoint source (NPS) can not be indentified and calculated the amount of the pollution precisely. This research shows that the association of typical pollutant concentrations with land uses in a watershed can provide a reasonably accurate characterization of nonpoint source pollution in the watershed using Expected Mean Concentrations (EMC). The GIS based pollution assessment method is performed for three pollutant constituents: BOD, TN, and TP. First, the runoff grid by means of the precipitation grid and runoff coefficient is estimated. Then, the NPS pollution loads are calculated by grid based method. Finally, the final outputs are evaluated by statistical technique. The results illustrate the merits of the approach. This model verified that GIS based method of estimating spatially distributed NPS pollution loads can lead to more accurate representation of the real world.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2007년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1008-1013
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• 2007

The objectives of the paper were to identify appropriate best management practices (BMPs) for reducing nonpoint source (NPS) pollutant loadings and to simulate the effects of the application of the several BMP scenarios on the study watershed using Agricultural Nonpoint Source (AGNPS) model. AGNPS model was calibrated and validated for runoff, sediment yield, and nutrient components using the observed hydrologic and water quality data. The simulated runoff, sediment, and nutrient components were well agreed with observed data. The validated AGNPS was applied to estimate the NPS pollution removal efficiency for BMP scenarios which were selected considering the pollutant characteristics of the study watershed.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2017

In this study, the characteristics of nonpoint source pollutant loads from separate sewer overflow (SSO) and combined sewer overflow (CSO) were evaluated during 2016 in Namyangju city, Korea. Five rainfall events were monitored during 2016 with ranging from 14.5 mm to 121.5 mm. The runoff ratio of CSO was higher than that of SSO because only design volume of maximum sanitary sewer ($1Q_h$) was transported and treated and $2Q_h$ was overflowed to waterbody during rainy day although combined sewer system was designed to transport $3Q_h$ to treatment system. The event mean concentrations (EMCs) and pollutant loads from CSO were higher than those from SSO. BOD and COD of CSO, and TOC and TN of SSO represented distinct first flush phenomena. The inadequate management in combined sewer system from which the untreated $2Q_h$ from CSO was overflowed to waterbody during rainy day could influence on high pollutant loads and first flushing. Treating $2Q_h$ from CSO, source control such as low impact development, and treating outflow from SSO were strongly recommended to control non-point source pollution in urban area.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2011

PADDIMOD2 was deloped to estimate nonpoint source pollution from paddy rice fields. The PADDIMOD2 was enhanced to estimate runoff and pollutant load during non-growing as well as growing season and to be easily used for public by development of Excel based system. Nutrient concentration and hydrology were based on Dirac delta function and continuous source function, and tank model for growing season and Event Mean Concentrations (EMCs) and SCS-Curve Number method for non-growing season. The PADDIMOD2 consists of three main component (input data, parameters data, and output data) by including eight Excel spread sheets. As a result of model application, total precipitation and irrigation were 1,051.7 mm and 439.2 mm, respectivley and surface runoff and water loss including infiltration and evapotranspiration were 463.0 mm and 947.9 mm, respectively. Annual nutrient loadings of T-N and T-P from study area were 6.7 kg/$km^2$/day and 0.5 kg/$km^2$/day, respectively. Development of PADDIMOD2 was focused on minimizing input data and maximizing user friendly system and is expected to be useful tool to evaluate various non-structure BMPs and estimate unit load from paddy rice fields for application at Korean TMDL.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.39-53
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• 1993

지리 정보시스템(Geographical Information System)을 이용하여 도심지 Non Pount Source오염 물질의 양이 오염원 종류별로 확인되고 적절하한 오염감소를 위한 대책이 마련되었다. 경험에 의한 공해물질 예측모델을 운용하기 위한 모든 입력 자료들이 도심지의 거리 구획별(Street block)별로 제공되어 각 거리 구획별 오염량이 계산되었다. 계산된 오염량은 각 우수 배출구별로 합산되어 오염량이 많은 지역이 판명되었다. 또한 오염량을 줄이기 위하여 인공호수를 만들기 위한 적지분석이 수행되었으며, 그에 따른 비용분석이 이루어졌다. 본 연구는 지형정보시스템의 도심지 공해연구에의 기여도를 입증시켜 주었다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2011

The water quality from nonpoint source run off results from different land use types has been studied. The construction of a buffer strip is one method of nonpoint source pollutant control. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model has been applied to estimate the pollutant removal through the buffer strip. When the non-business land has been changed into grass to form a buffer-strip, the change of land use effects the results of the model according to measures of the water quality. The data from a water level station within the watershed in the years 2006 and 2007 was used for calibration and validation of the model. Under the rainfall conditions in 2007, the removal rates of SS, BOD, TN, TP were 11.5%, 9.5%, 1.2%, and 4.5%, respectively. During the rainy days, the removal rates at the buffer strip were 92.3% of SS, 91.2% of BOD, 82.4% of TN, and 83.5% of TP. The pollutants from nonpoint sources were effectively removed by over 80% as they passed through the buffer strips. Rainfall resulted in soil erosion, which led to an increase in the SS concentration, therefore, the construction of buffer strips protected the streams from SS inflows. Since TN concentrations are affected by the inflows of ground water and the N concentration of the rainfall, the removal rate of TN was relatively lower than for the other pollutants.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2007

The paved areas in nonpoint source are highly polluted landuses because of high imperviousness and pollutant mass emissions, such as sand, cereals, and dust from vehicle activities. Most of them in highways are collected by cleaning trucks or discharged to the adjacent soil and water system through the drain ditch in stormwater. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between water concentration and total pollutant loadings from the paved areas. From the experiment, CODcr concentration of the cleaning wastewater was 17 times greater than that of the stormwater runoff. Also, concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Zn) were 1.3 to 1.5 times higher when compared to the stormwater runoff. While total discharged loadings was insignificant in the cleaning wastewater. In conclusion, these results provide some evidence that the stormwater runoff may be managed carefully to the aspect of total pollutant loadings and the cleaning wastewater may be handled cautiously with the pollutant concentrations in highways.