• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.552-568
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• 2020

After long-term service in deep ocean, pipelines are usually suffered from corrosions, which may greatly influence the Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) behavior of pipes. Thus, we investigate the VIV of defective pipelines. The geometric nonlinearity due to large deformation of pipes and nonlinearity in vortex-induced force are simulated. This nonlinear vibration system is simulated with finite element method and solved by direct integration method with incremental algorithm. Two kinds of defects, corrosion pits and volumetric flaws, and their effects of depth and range on VIV responses are investigated. A new finite element is developed to simulate corrosion pits. Defects are found to aggravate VIV displacement response only if environmental flow rate is less than resonance flow rate. As the defect depth grows, the stress responses increase, however, the increase of the defect range reduces the stress response at corroded part. The volumetric flaws affect VIV response stronger than the corrosion pits.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제86권6호
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• pp.751-764
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• 2023

In practical engineering such as aerial refueling pipes, the boundary of the fluid-conveying pipe is difficult to be completely immovable. Pipes under movable and immovable boundaries are controlled by different dominant nonlinear factors, where the boundary mobility will affect the nonlinear dynamic characteristics, which should be focused on for adopting different strategies for vibration suppression and control. The nonlinear dynamic instability characteristics of functionally graded fluid-conveying pipes lying on a viscoelastic foundation under movable and immovable boundary conditions are systematically studied for the first time. Nonlinear factors involving nonlinear inertia and nonlinear curvature for pipes with a movable boundary as well as tensile hardening and nonlinear curvature for pipes with an immovable boundary are comprehensively considered during the derivation of the governing equations of the principal parametric resonance. The stability boundary and amplitude-frequency bifurcation diagrams are obtained by employing the two-step perturbation- incremental harmonic balance method (TSP-IHBM). Results show that the movability of the boundary of the pipe has a great influence on the vibration amplitude, bifurcation topology, and the physical meanings of the stability boundary due to different dominant nonlinear factors. This research has guidance significance for nonlinear dynamic design of fluid-conveying pipe with avoiding in the instability regions.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권11호
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• pp.4295-4306
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• 2023

The vibration of fuel rods in axial flow is a universally recognized issue within both engineering and academic communities due to its significant importance in ensuring structural safety. This paper aims to thoroughly investigate the stability and nonlinear vibration of a fuel rod subjected to axial flow in a newly designed high temperature gas cooled reactor. Considering the possible presence of thermal expansion and large deformation in practical scenarios, the thermal effect and geometric nonlinearity are modeled using the von Karman equation. By applying Hamilton's principle, we derive the comprehensive governing equation for this fluid-structure interaction system, which incorporates the quadratic nonlinear stiffness. To establish a connection between the fluid and structure aspects, we utilize the Galerkin method to solve the perturbation potential function, while employing mode expansion techniques associated with the structural analysis. Following convergence and validation analyses, we examine the stability of the structure under various conditions in detail, and also investigate the bifurcation behavior concerning the buckling amplitude and flow velocity. The findings from this research enhance the understanding of the underlying physics governing fuel rod behavior in axial flow under severe yet practical conditions, while providing valuable guidance for reactor design.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.173-190
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• 2013

The major objective of this paper is to evaluate the behavior and ultimate resisting capacity of circular CFT columns. To consider the confinement effect, proper material models with respect to the confinement pressure are selected. A fiber section approach is adopted to simulate the nonlinear stress distribution along the section depth. Material nonlinearity due to the cracking of concrete and the yielding of the surrounding steel tube, as well as geometric nonlinearity due to the P-${\Delta}$ effect, are taken into account. The validity of the proposed numerical analysis model is established by comparing the analytical predictions with the results from previous experimental studies about pure bending and eccentric axial loading. Numerical predictions using an unconfined material model were also compared to investigate the confinement effects on various loading combinations. The ultimate resisting capacities predicted by the proposed numerical model and the design guidelines in Eurocode 4 are compared to evaluate the existing design recommendation.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.73-92
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• 2012

The effect of element interaction and material nonlinearity on the ultimate capacity of stainless steel plated cross-sections is investigated in this paper. The focus of the research lies in cross-sections failing by local buckling; member instabilities, distortional buckling and interactions thereof with local buckling are not considered. The cross-sections investigated include rectangular hollow sections (RHS), I sections and parallel flange channels (PFC). Based on previous finite element investigations of structural stainless steel stub columns, parametric studies were conducted and the ultimate capacity of the aforementioned cross-sections with a range of element slendernesses and aspect ratios has been obtained. Various design methods, including the effective width approach, the direct strength method (DSM), the continuous strength method (CSM) and a design method based on regression analysis, which accounts for element interaction, were assessed on the basis of the numerical results, and the relative merits and weaknesses of each design approach have been highlighted. Element interaction has been shown to be significant for slender cross-sections, whilst the behaviour of stocky cross-sections is more strongly influenced by the material strain-hardening characteristics. A modification to the continuous strength method has been proposed to allow for the effect of element interaction, which leads to more reliable ultimate capacity predictions. Comparisons with available test data have also been made to demonstrate the enhanced accuracy of the proposed method and its suitability for the treatment of local buckling in stainless steel cross-sections.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.464-470
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• 2004

ZnO-P $r_{6}$ $O_{11}$-CoO-C $r_2$ $O_3$- $Y_2$ $O_3$계 세라믹스로 구성된 ZPCCY계 바리스터의 소결시간별 DC 가속열화 스트레스에 대한 전기적 안정성을 조사하였다. 소결시간은 전기적 특성 및 안정성에 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 소결시간이 증가함에 따라 비직선 지수는 51.2∼23.8의 범위로 감소하였으며, 누설전류는 1.3∼5.6 $\mu$A의 범위로 증가하였다. 1시간 소결된 바리스터는 비직선성은 우수하나 밀도가 낮은 관계로 안정성이 상대적으로 낮았으며, 3시간 소결된 바리스터는 안정성은 양호하나 비직선성이 다소 낮은 것으로 나타났다 2시간 소결된 바리스터는 비직선 지수가 38.6, 누설전류가 3.6 $\mu$A로 양호 하고, DC스트레스_0.95 $V_{1㎃}$15$0^{\circ}C$/12h에서 바리스터 전압, 비직선 지수, 누설전류, 손실계수 변화율이 각각 -0.8%, -1.8%, +74.4%, +0.9%를 나타냄으로서 안정성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다.다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.472-480
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• 2009

장대레일의 축력해석은 기하적 비선형 및 재료적 비선형해석을 수행하여야 하므로 그 해석 자체가 비선형 해석으로서 난해하고 하중이력의 적용순서 등에 따라 해석결과가 다르게 나타난다. 이러한 해석의 이론적 복잡성과 어려움에 비하여 철도교량위에 부설된 장대레일의 축력해석결과는 레일의 좌굴이 미미하여 기하적 비선형성이 미소하므로 그 예측이 가능하며 아주 단순하게 나타나게 된다. 본 연구는 교량상 장대레일의 축력해석에서 기하적 비선형성이 미소하여 해석 결과에 거의 영향을 미치지 못하므로 재료적 비선형성만을 고려하여 비선형해석을 수행하는 방법을 개발하였다. 이는 레일 체결 시스템의 비선형 저항력을 힘-변위 관계로부터 선형관계로 재구성시켜 선형해석법으로 수회 반복시키게 되면 간단하게 수렴됨으로 해석결과를 쉽게 얻을 수 있는 장점이 있다. 이러한 해석결과를 기존의 해석예들과 결과를 비교함으로서 효율적인 교량상 장대레일의 안정성 해석이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.369-376
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 스펙트럼 효율 향상을 위하여 5G(Generation) 후보 변조 기술을 사용하는 SSD(Simultaneous Single band Duplex) 시스템을 설계하고, 각 시스템의 성능을 평가하고 비교 분석한다. 특히, 제안하는 5G 이동통신을 위한 후보 변조기술을 사용하는 SSD 시스템에 HPA(High Power Amplifier) 비선형성을 고려하여 시뮬레이션을 수행한다. 시뮬레이션의 결과로 SSD-OFDM, SSD-UFMC, SSD-FBMC 시스템은 HPA 비선형성에 의해 성능 열화가 심화되었지만, 동일한 HPA 비선형 조건에서 각각 시스템은 서로 유사한 성능을 내었다. 즉, 각각의 변조기술은 유사한 PAPR(Peak to Average Power Ratio) 특성을 갖는다. 이러한 결과로, 자기간섭신호(self-interference)의 비선형 왜곡이 심화될 경우, 자기간섭 제거가 어렵다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 즉, 제안하는 SSD 시스템에서 HPA 비선형에 의한 영향을 줄이기 위해 PAPR을 저감시키는 것이 중요하다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.214-217
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• 2011

Fresnoite 결정화 유리는 최근 비선형 광학특성으로 인하여 널리 연구되어 지고 있다. 그러나, 이전 연구 결과를 통하여 투명결정화 유리의 화학 조성으로는 정량적으로 Fresnoite 구조에 유사한 조성을 조절하는 것에 한계가 있음을 확인 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 $K_2O-TiO_2-SiO_2$ glass의 제조한 후, 제조된 유리를 $Sr(NO_3)_2$ 용융염에 담지하여 모유리의 표면에 Fresnoite 결정을 형성시키는 방법으로 투명결정화 유리를 제조하고, 이 때 Sr 이온이 비선형광학효과에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. XRD를 통하여 담지 시간에 따른 결정상 변화와 열처리를 통한 결정상 변화를 관찰하였으며, FE-SEM을 사용하여 생성된 결정의 미세구조와 Nd : YAG laser를 사용하여 2차비선형특성의 유무를 관찰하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1233-1251
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• 2016

In this paper, it is aimed to determine the stochastic response of a suspension bridge subjected to spatially varying ground motions considering the geometric nonlinearity. Bosphorus Suspension Bridge built in Turkey and connects Europe to Asia in Istanbul is selected as a numerical example. The spatial variability of the ground motion is considered with the incoherence, wave-passage and site-response effects. The importance of site-response effect which arises from the difference in the local soil conditions at different support points of the structure is also investigated. At the end of the study, mean of the maximum and variance response values obtained from the spatially varying ground motions are compared with those of the specialised cases of the ground motion model. It is seen that each component of the spatially varying ground motion model has important effects on the dynamic behaviour of the bridge. The response values obtained from the general excitation case, which also includes the site-response effect causes larger response values than those of the homogeneous soil condition cases. The variance values calculated for the general excitation case are dominated by dynamic component at the deck and Asian side tower. The response values obtained for the site-response effect alone are larger than the response values obtained for the incoherence and wave-passage effects, separately. It can be concluded that suspension bridges are sensitive to the spatial variability of ground motion. Therefore, the incoherence, the wave-passage and especially the site-response effects should be considered in the stochastic analysis of this type of engineering structures.