• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.692-710
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• 2018

The Three-dimensional (3-D) dynamical behaviors of a fluid-conveying pipe subjected to vortex-induced vibration are investigated with different internal flow velocity ${\nu}$. The values of the internal flow velocity are considered in both subcritical and supercritical regimes. During the study, the 3-D nonlinear equations are discretized by the Galerkin method and solved by a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The results indicate that for a constant internal flow velocity ${\nu}$ in the subcritical regime, the peak Cross-flow (CF) amplitude increases firstly and then decrease accompanied by amplitude jumps with the increase of the external reduced velocity. While two response bands are observed in the In-line (IL) direction. For the dynamics in the lock-in condition, 3-D periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic vibrations are observed. A variety of CF and IL responses can be detected for different modes with the increase of ${\nu}$. For the cases studied in the supercritical regime, the dynamics shows a great diversity with that in the subcritical regime. Various dynamical responses, which include 3-D periodic, quasi-periodic as well as chaotic motions, are found while both CF and IL responses are coupled while ${\nu}$ is beyond the critical value. Besides, the responses corresponding to different couples of ${\mu}_1$ and ${\mu}_2$ are obviously distinct from each other.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.281-303
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• 2014

In order to suppress the wind-induced vibrations of the Canton Tower, a pair of active mass driver (AMD) systems has been installed on the top of the main structure. The structural principal directions in which the bending modes of the structure are uncoupled are proposed and verified based on the orthogonal projection approach. For the vibration control design in the principal X direction, the simplified model of the structure is developed based on the finite element model and modified according to the field measurements under wind excitations. The AMD system driven by permanent magnet synchronous linear motors are adopted. The dynamical models of the AMD subsystems are determined according to the open-loop test results by using nonlinear least square fitting method. The continuous variable gain feedback (VGF) control strategy is adopted to make the AMD system adaptive to the variation in the intensity of wind excitations. Finally, the field tests of free vibration control are carried out. The field test results of AMD control show that the damping ratio of the first vibration mode increases up to 11 times of the original value without control.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.899-910
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• 2021

A 4-unknown shear deformation theory is applied to investigate the vibration of functionally graded plates under thermal environment. The plate is fabricated from a functionally graded material mixed of ceramic and metal with continuously varying material properties through the plate thickness. Three types of thermal loadings, uniform, linear and nonlinear temperature rises along the plate thickness are taken into account. The present theory contains four unknown functions as against five or more in other higher order shear deformation theories. The through-the-thickness distributions of transverse shear stresses of the plate are considered to vary parabolically and vanish at upper and lower surfaces. The present model does not require any problem dependent shear correction factor. Analytical solutions for the free vibration analysis are derived based on Fourier series that satisfy the boundary conditions (Navier's method). Benchmark solutions are firstly considered to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model. Comparisons with the solutions available in literature revealed the good capabilities of the present model for the simulations of vibration responses of FG plates. Some parametric studies are carried out for the frequency analysis by varying the volume fraction profile and the temperature distribution across the plate thickness.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.622-628
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• 2016

자동차에 부착하여 사용하는 자전거 캐리어 지지용 흡착 패드는 운행 중 임의의 진동과 원심력과 같은 과도한 동적 하중을 받을 수 있어, 구조 안전성의 검토가 중요하다. 이를 위해서는 유체-구조 연계 유한요소해석을 이용하여 패드의 하부 압력이 패드에 가해지는 하중이나 모멘트의 변화에 따라 실시간으로 변화하는 것을 고려하여야 하나, 실제 상황의 모델링이 어렵고 계산을 위한 소프트웨어 비용이 높은 단점이 있기도 하지만, 정확한 결과를 얻기도 어렵다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 실험과 전산적인 방법을 조합하여 활용하는 새로운 방법을 제시한다. 이는 변화하는 하중에 따라 패드 하부의 압력과 접촉 면적을 실시간으로 측정하고 여기서 얻어진 데이터를 비선형 탄성 유한요소해석에 입력하여 활용하는 방법이다. 개발 단계의 제품 형상으로 실험 및 계산을 수행한 결과, 마운트 패드는 축 방향 하중에 대해서는 비교적 안전하나, 회전 하중이 과도하게 작용할 경우 패드가 바닥으로부터 분리되거나 패드 표면에 국부적인 손상이 일어날 수 있어 안전 여유가 많지 않음을 보여주었다. 작용하는 하중의 크기 및 형태에 따라 변화하는 접촉 거동을 예측하는 결과는 실험 결과와 잘 일치하였다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 해석 방법은 유사한 흡착 패드 시스템을 설계할 때 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2017

One of the most reliable and simplest tools for structural vibration control in civil engineering is Tuned Mass Damper, TMD. Provided that the frequency and damping parameters of these dampers are tuned appropriately, they can reduce the vibrations of the structure through their generated inertia forces, as they vibrate continuously. To achieve the optimal parameters of TMD, many different methods have been provided so far. In old approaches, some formulas have been offered based on simplifying models and their applied loadings while novel procedures need to model structures completely in order to obtain TMD parameters. In this paper, with regard to the nonlinear decision-making of fuzzy systems and their enough ability to cope with different unreliability, a method is proposed. Furthermore, by taking advantage of both old and new methods a fuzzy system is designed to be operational and reduce uncertainties related to models and applied loads. To design fuzzy system, it is required to gain data on structures and optimum parameters of TMDs corresponding to these structures. This information is obtained through modeling MDOF systems with various numbers of stories subjected to far and near field earthquakes. The design of the fuzzy systems is performed by three methods: look-up table, the data space grid-partitioning, and clustering. After that, rule weights of Mamdani fuzzy system using the look-up table are optimized through genetic algorithm and rule weights of Sugeno fuzzy system designed based on grid-partitioning methods and clustering data are optimized through ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System). By comparing these methods, it is observed that the fuzzy system technique based on data clustering has an efficient function to predict the optimal parameters of TMDs. In this method, average of errors in estimating frequency and damping ratio is close to zero. Also, standard deviation of frequency errors and damping ratio errors decrease by 78% and 4.1% respectively in comparison with the look-up table method. While, this reductions compared to the grid partitioning method are 2.2% and 1.8% respectively. In this research, TMD parameters are estimated for a 15-degree of freedom structure based on designed fuzzy system and are compared to parameters obtained from the genetic algorithm and empirical relations. The progress up to 1.9% and 2% under far-field earthquakes and 0.4% and 2.2% under near-field earthquakes is obtained in decreasing respectively roof maximum displacement and its RMS ratio through fuzzy system method compared to those obtained by empirical relations.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2012

자전거는 균형을 유지하며 빠른 속도로 주행하는 과정에서 여러 형태의 상당한 운동 에너지가 내재되어 있어, 에너지 수확기술을 적용하는데 있어 큰 장점을 갖는 이동형 플랫폼이다. 자전거에 에너지 수확 기술을 적용해 높은 출력을 얻기 위해서는 주행 중인 자전거의 운동 특성을 면밀히 관찰하고 이해하는 것이 필요하지만 실제 도로를 주행하는 자전거의 움직임을 정밀하게 측정한 연구나 이를 위한 전용의 측정 장치는 거의 없는 실정이다. 본 연구는 MEMS 기반의 가속도 센서를 이용하여 주행 중인 자전거의 동적 상태를 측정하고 이를 토대로 자전거 주행에 동반되는 에너지의 특성을 분석함으로써 이에 적합한 에너지 수확 증진 기술을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 일반 자전거를 이용한 도로 주행 실험에서 주행 속도와 무관한 주파수 특성을 갖는 평균 1g 전후의 잉여 진동 에너지가 수반됨을 확인하였으며, 임의진동 에너지의 효과적인 수확을 위해 비선형 특성을 갖는 자기부상형 전자기 유도 방식의 에너지 수확기 프로토타입을 개발하였다. 개발된 에너지 수확기를 자전거에 장착하여, 휴대용 센서 및 근거리 무선 통신 모듈의 구동이 가능한 평균 1.5 mW 의 전력 생산을 검증하였다. 현재 자전거 차체의 진동분리 및 변환 효율 향상을 위한 연구가 진행 중이며, 향후 증진된 출력을 바탕으로 각종 스마트 정보 기기의 지속적인 전력공급을 위한 기반 기술이 될 것으로 기대한다.