• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.479-489
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• 2014

In the present study a parametric analysis is conducted to study the effect of pile dimension and soil properties on the nonlinear dynamic response of pile subjected to lateral sinusoidal load at the pile head. The study is conducted on soil-pile model of different pile diameter, pile length and soil modulus, and results are compared to get the effect. The soil-pile system is modelled using Finite element method. The programming is done in MATLAB. Time history analysis of model is done for varying non-dimensional frequency of load and the results are compared to get the non-dimensional frequency at which pile head displacement is maximum in each case. Maximum possible bending moment and soil-pile interacting forces for the dynamic excitation of the pile is also compared. When results are compared with the linear response, it is observed that non-dimensional frequency is reduced in nonlinear response on account of reduction in the soil stiffness due to yielding. Nonlinear response curve shows high amplitude as compared to linear response curve.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.587-598
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• 2008

In the trackbed design using elastic multi-layer model, the stress-dependent resilient modulus is an important input parameter, which reflects substructure performance under repeated traffic loading. The resilient moduli of crushed stone and weathered granite soil were developed using nonlinear dynamic stiffness, which can be measured by in-situ and laboratory seismic tests. The prediction models of resilient modulus varying with the deviatoric or bulk stress were proposed (Park et al., 2008). To investigate the performance of the prediction models proposed herein, the elastic response of the test trackbed near PyeongTaek, Korea was evaluated using a 3-D nonlinear elastic computer program (GEOTRACK) and compared with measured elastic vertical displacement during the passages of freight and passenger trains. The material types of the test sub-ballasts are crushed stone and weathered granite soil, respectively. The calculated vertical displacements within the sub-ballasts are within the order of 1mm, and agree well with measured values with the reasonable margin. The prediction models are thus concluded to work properly in the preliminary investigation. The prediction models proposed for resilient modulus were verified by the comparison of the calculated vertical displacements with measured ones during train passages.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.67-81
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• 2006

Using a strain-controlled rheometer, the dynamic viscoelastic properties of aqueous xanthan gum solutions with different concentrations were measured over a wide range of strain amplitudes and then the linear viscoelastic behavior in small amplitude oscillatory shear flow fields was investigated over a broad range of angular frequencies. In this article, both the strain amplitude and concentration dependencies of dynamic viscoelastic behavior were reported at full length from the experimental data obtained from strain-sweep tests. In addition, the linear viscoelastic behavior was explained in detail and the effects of angular frequency and concentration on this behavior were discussed using the well-known power-law type equations. Finally, a fractional derivative model originally developed by Ma and Barbosa-Canovas (1996) was employed to make a quantitative description of a linear viscoelastic behavior and then the applicability of this model was examined with a brief comment on its limitations. Main findings obtained from this study can be summarized as follows: (1) At strain amplitude range larger than 10%, the storage modulus shows a nonlinear strain-thinning behavior, indicating a decrease in storage modulus as an increase in strain amplitude. (2) At strain amplitude range larger than 80%, the loss modulus exhibits an exceptional nonlinear strain-overshoot behavior, indicating that the loss modulus is first increased up to a certain strain amplitude(${\gamma}_0{\approx}150%$) beyond which followed by a decrease in loss modulus with an increase in strain amplitude. (3) At sufficiently large strain amplitude range (${\gamma}_0>200%$), a viscous behavior becomes superior to an elastic behavior. (4) An ability to flow without fracture at large strain amplitudes is one of the most important differences between typical strong gel systems and concentrated xanthan gum solutions. (5) The linear viscoelastic behavior of concentrated xanthan gum solutions is dominated by an elastic nature rather than a viscous nature and a gel-like structure is present in these systems. (6) As the polymer concentration is increased, xanthan gum solutions become more elastic and can be characterized by a slower relaxation mechanism. (7) Concentrated xanthan gum solutions do not form a chemically cross-linked stable (strong) gel but exhibit a weak gel-like behavior. (8) A fractional derivative model may be an attractive means for predicting a linear viscoelastic behavior of concentrated xanthan gum solutions but classified as a semi-empirical relationship because there exists no real physical meaning for the model parameters.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.661-668
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• 2015

The surface rheological properties of polymer monolayer show complicated non-linear viscoelastic flow phenomena when they are subjected to spreading flow. These spreading flow properties are controlled by the characteristics of flow units. The kinetics of the formation of an interfacial film obtained after spreading poly(diisobutylene maleic acid) at air-water interface were studied by measuring of the surface pressure with time. The experimental data were analyzed theoretically according to a nonlinear surface viscoelastic model. The values of dynamic modulus, static modulus, surface viscosities and rheological parameters in various area/ monomer were obtained by appling experimental data to the equation of nonlinear surface viscoelastic model.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.107-125
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• 2016

Steel shear wall system has been used in recent years in tall buildings due to its appropriate behavior advantages such as stiffness, high strength, economic feasibility and high energy absorption capability. Coupled steel plate shear walls consist of two steel shear walls that are connected to each other by steel link beam at each floor level. In this article the frames of 3, 10, and 15 of (C-SPSW) floor with rigid connection were considered in three different lengths of 1.25, 2.5 and 3.75 meters and link beams with plastic section modulus of 100% to the panel beam at each floor level and analyzed using three pairs of accelerograms based on nonlinear dynamic analysis through ABAQUS software and then the performance of walls and link beams at base shear, drift, the period of structure, degree of coupling (DC) and dissipated energy evaluated. The results show that the (C-SPSW) system base shear increases with a decrease in the link beam length, and the drift, main period and dissipated energy of structure decreases. Also the link beam length has different effects on parameters of coupling degrees.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제70권6호
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• pp.737-750
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• 2019

This paper investigates the static and dynamic behaviors of imperfect single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) modeled as a beam structure by using energy-equivalent model (EEM), for the first time. Based on EEM Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio for zigzag (n, 0), and armchair (n, n) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are presented as functions of orientation and force constants. Nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli assumptions are proposed considering mid-plane stretching to exhibit a large deformation and a small strain. To simulate the interaction of CNTs with the surrounding elastic medium, nonlinear elastic foundation with cubic nonlinearity and shearing layer are employed. The equation governed the motion of curved CNTs is a nonlinear integropartial-differential equation. It is derived in terms of only the lateral displacement. The nonlinear integro-differential equation that governs the buckling of CNT is numerically solved using the differential integral quadrature method (DIQM) and Newton's method. The linear vibration problem around the static configurations is discretized using DIQM and then is solved as a linear eigenvalue problem. Numerical results are depicted to illustrate the influence of chirality angle and imperfection amplitude on static response, buckling load and dynamic behaviors of armchair and zigzag CNTs. Both, clamped-clamped (C-C) and simply supported (SS-SS) boundary conditions are examined. This model is helpful especially in mechanical design of NEMS manufactured from CNTs.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.89-100
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• 1997

토목구조물의 동적해석 뿐아니라 공용상태 구조물 기초의 변형해석을 위해서는 지반의 신뢰성 있는 비선형 변형특성 평가가 매우 중요하다. 변형특성 평가를 위한 현장시험으로는 저변형률 하에서 지반의 탄성계수를 결정할 수 있는 크로스흘시험이나 중간변형률 영역에서 변형률 크기에 따른 탄성계수 결정이 가능한 공내재하시험이 사용되나 전 변형률 영역에서의 탄성계수 변화를 측정하지 못하고,,하중주파수의 영향,구속압의 영향 등을 엄밀히 평가하지 못하는 단점이 있다. 공진주/비틂전단시험과 같은 실내시험에서는 저변형률 및 중간변형률을 포함하는 전변형률 영역에서의 탄성계수 측정이 가능하나 불교란시료의 채취와 시료의 대표성 확보가 매우 어려운 단점이 있다. 따라서 보다 엄밀한 현장지반의 변형률 크기에 따른 탄성계수 결정을 위하여는 각각의 실내시험과 현장시험에서의 신뢰성 있는 변형률 측정범위, 작용되는 응력의 크기, 시험이 수행되는 하중주파수 차이 등을 효과적으로 결합하여 사용하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 지반의 비선형 변형특성을 현장 및 실내시험 결과를 효과적으로 결합하여 사용하는 방법을 제시하고, 화강풍화토 지반에서 현장시험으로 크로스흘과 공내재하시험을, 실내시험으로는 공진주/비틂 전단시험을 수행하여 현장지반의 변형특성을 결정하고, 각 시험법들의 장.단점과 신뢰성 있는 시험범위를 검토하였다. 마지막으로, 현장지반의 비선형 변형특성 평가 절차를 제시하였다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1712-1723
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• 2008

In the trackbed design using an elastic multi-layer model, the stress-dependent resilient modulus is the key input parameter, which reflects substructure performance under repeated traffic loading. The prediction models of resilient modulus of crushed stone and weathered granite soil were developed from nonlinear dynamic stiffness, which can be combined by in-situ and laboratory seismic measurements. The models accommodate the variation with the deviatoric and/or bulk stresses. To investigate the performance of the prediction models proposed, the elastic response of the test trackbed near PyeongTaek, Korea was evaluated using a 3-D nonlinear elastic computer program (GEOTRACK) and compared with measured elastic vertical displacement caused by the passages of freight and passenger trains. The material types of the test sub-ballasts are crushed stone and weathered granite soil, respectively. The calculated vertical displacements within the sub-ballasts are within the order of 1mm, and agree well with measured values with the reasonable margin. The prediction models are thus concluded to work properly in the preliminary investigation.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2021

구조체 열화, 손상 등에 의해 발생하는 누수는 동결융해에 의한 체적 변화를 유발하는 주요 원인 중 하나이며, 콘크리트 내부의 미세균열, 표면 스케일링 등을 유발한다. 이러한 손상은 염화물 등 외기 유해물질 침투 및 확산을 가속화시킨다. 시설물 성능평가 세부지침(2020)에서 피복 콘크리트 품질과 동해환경 지표가 새롭게 제시되었으며, 피복 콘크리트 품질은 반발경도시험으로, 동해환경은 동결융해 싸이클 수로 평가한다. 본 논문에서는 빠른 동특성 기반 초음파 비선형성을 통해 동결융해에 의한 초기 미세손상을 평가하고자 하였다. 서로 다른 물-시멘트비(40%, 60%)와 공기량(1.5%, 3.0%)을 가지는 콘크리트 시험체를 제작하고, 동결융해 싸이클 수를 증가시키며 압축강도, 반발경도, 상대동 탄성계수, 초음파 비선형성을 측정하였으며, SEM을 활용하여 미세균열 발생 및 진전을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 상대동탄성계수 및 반발경도로는 확인이 어려웠던 초기 미세손상을 공진주파수 비선형성 측정을 통해 탐지할 수 있었으며, 콘크리트의 동결융해 저항성능을 예측할 수 있다는 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2018

무리말뚝의 내진설계를 수행할 때 지반-말뚝 동적상호작용을 고려하는 것이 중요하다. 특히, 동적하중을 받는 무리말뚝의 횡방향 저항력은 무리말뚝 효과에 의하여 단일말뚝과 비교하여 감소한다. 그러나, 지금까지 지진하중을 받는 무리말뚝의 동적 무리말뚝 효과를 제안한 연구는 매우 부족한 실정이다. 그러므로, 본 연구에서는 건조 모래지반에 설치된 $3{\times}3$ 무리말뚝에 대한 동적 원심모형실험을 수행하여 무리말뚝 효과를 산정하였다. 이 무리말뚝 효과는 동적 p-y 곡선에서 극한 횡방향 지반반력과 지반반력계수에 대한 보정계수(multiplier)를 적용하여 고려하였다. 그리고, 본 연구에서 얻어진 동적 p-y 곡선을 Beam on Nonlinear Winkler Foundation 모델을 이용한 비선형 동해석에 적용하여 그 적용성을 검증하였다. 그 결과, 본 연구에서 제안한 무리말뚝의 보정계수가 원심모형실험 결과를 잘 모사할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.