• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.1000-1006
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• 2017

The objectives of this study were to compare the physicochemical properties, functional components and antioxidant activities of noni fruit juices from six different regions of cultivation: Samoa, Indonesia, China (Hainan), Hawaii, Thailand and Tahiti. The pH values of noni fruit juices ranged from 3.63 to 3.83, and the soluble contents were $5.97-6.97^{\circ}Brix$. In regard to color, the L, a and b values of noni juices were in the ranges of 33.41-46.51, 3.44-7.98, and 2.42-22.20, respectively. The polyphenol content of noni fruit juice from Indonesia was significantly higher than other samples. The Thailand noni fruit juice contained the highest amounts of scopoletin (8.62 mg/100 mL) and rutin (2.03 mg/100 mL). The noni fruit juice from Indonesia showed the higher antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity) than others. In conclusion, These results suggest that noni fruit juice may be a good source of functional food with antioxidant activity and can serve as the basis data for the use of noni fruit in the food industry.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4495-4499
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• 2013

Morinda citrifolia, also known as Great Morinda, Indian Mulberry, or Noni, is a plant belonging to the family Rubiaceae. A number of major chemical compounds have been identified in the leaves, roots, and fruits of the Noni plant. The fruit juice is in high demand in alternative medicine for different kinds for illnesses such as arthritis, diabetes, high blood pressure, muscle ached and pains, menstrual difficulties, headache, heart diseases, AIDS, gastric ulcer, sprains, mental depression, senility, poor digestion, arteriosclerosis, blood vessel problems, and drug addiction. Several studies have also demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and apoptosis-inducing effects of Noni in various cancers. Based on a toxicological assessment, Noni juice was considered as safe. Though a large number of in vitro, and, to a certain extent, in vivo studies demonstrated a range of potentially beneficial effects, clinical data are essentially lacking. To what extent the findings from experimental pharmacological studies are of potential clinical relevance is not clear at present and this question needs to be explored in detail before an recommendations can be made.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated maximum yield of radical scavenging activity (RSA) using each of various extraction solvents and procedure from noni friut (Morinda citrifolia). Noni fruits were either sun-dried (FS) or hot-air dried (FO) at $60^{\circ}C$ after steam blanching. For optimum aqueous extraction, noni fruits should be sun dried and autoclave extraction time should not be over 30 min to produce extraction with high RSA with low cost. In case of 50% ethanol extraction, reflux extracts of FS and FO resulted in $IC_{50}$ of 1.92 mg/mL and 3.06 mg/mL at 8 hr. When $IC_{50}$ values were lower than 5 mg/mL, coefficient of correlation was 0.71 indicating that 71% of the phenolic antioxidants in noni fruits were accounted for the activity by scavenging free DPPH. However, coefficient of correlation significantly decreased to 0.63 over $IC_{50}$ values of 5 mg/mL. Autoclave extraction contained chlorogenic acid of $14.69 \;{\mu}g/mL$ and scopoletin of $3.86 \;{\mu}g/mL$. Reflux extraction showed all three compounds, chlorogenic acid ($26.19 \;{\mu}g/mL$), quercetin ($19.59 \;{\mu}g/mL$), and scopoletin ($17.4 \;{\mu}g/mL$). Therefore, the result of this study indicated that the potential antioxidant activities and functional values were obtained significantly with reflux extraction from noni fruit.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Objectives: Noni fruit juice (NFJ) is liquor extracted from Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit and has been used as an herbal remedy in many countries. However, the NFJ's anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory effects on adipocytes are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the commercially standardized NFJ effects on lipid accumulation throughout 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Methods: Cellular lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) content in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were assessed subsequently via the Oil Red O staining and AdipoRed assay. MTS assay was used to examine NFJ cytotoxicity in (differentiating) 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Immunoblotting and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to measure the expression levels of target protein and mRNA in (differentiating) 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, respectively. Results: NFJ treatment at 150 μL/mL led to a substantial reduction of fat accumulation and TG content during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis with no discernable impact on the cell viability. Of note, while NFJ treatment (150 μL/mL) largely inhibited the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β (PPAR-β) protein expressions, it did not influence PPAR-γ in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Of interest, treatment with IL-1β at 20 ng/mL for 4 hours elicited in firm induction of iNOS mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. However, NFJ treatment at 100 or 200 μL/mL greatly attenuated the IL-1β-induced iNOS mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Conclusions: NFJ has anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory effects on (differentiating) 3T3-L1 preadipocytes which are in part intervened via control of the expression of C/EBP-α, PPAR-β, and iNOS.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.451-460
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• 2023

Animals generally prefer nutrients and avoid toxic and harmful chemicals. Recent behavioral and physiological studies have identified that sweet-sensing gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) in Drosophila melanogaster mediate appetitive behaviors toward fatty acids. Sweet-sensing GRN activation requires the function of the ionotropic receptors IR25a, IR56d, and IR76b, as well as the gustatory receptor GR64e. However, we reveal that hexanoic acid (HA) is toxic rather than nutritious to D. melanogaster. HA is one of the major components of the fruit Morinda citrifolia (noni). Thus, we analyzed the gustatory responses to one of major noni fatty acids, HA, via electrophysiology and proboscis extension response (PER) assay. Electrophysiological tests show this is reminiscent of arginine-mediated neuronal responses. Here, we determined that a low concentration of HA induced attraction, which was mediated by sweet-sensing GRNs, and a high concentration of HA induced aversion, which was mediated by bitter-sensing GRNs. We also demonstrated that a low concentration of HA elicits attraction mainly mediated by GR64d and IR56d expressed by sweet-sensing GRNs, but a high concentration of HA activates three gustatory receptors (GR32a, GR33a, and GR66a) expressed by bitter-sensing GRNs. The mechanism of sensing HA is biphasic in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, HA inhibit sugar-mediated activation like other bitter compounds. Taken together, we discovered a binary HA-sensing mechanism that may be evolutionarily meaningful in the foraging niche of insects.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2020

This study was conducted to compare the functional component content, antioxidant activity, and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition effect of non-enzyme treated, enzyme-treated, and commercial noni juice samples. Enzyme-treated noni juice samples were prepared by cellulase (0.1%) and pectinase (0.1%) treatment of unripe fruits (EUN) and ripe fruits (ERN). Total polyphenol content of the noni juice samples ranged between 0.36 and 1.61 mg/mL. The EUN had the highest total polyphenol content (1.61 mg/mL), while the ERN had the highest scopoletin content (123.88 ㎍/mL) and the highest antioxidant activity. Nitric oxide levels in ERN and NJ5 were lower (55.95 and 60.14%, respectively) than those in other samples. Based on these observations, it was confirmed that enzyme treatment could improve the functional component content and physiological activity of noni juice. In particular, EUN prepared using the ripened noni fruit is expected to have greater utilization value due to its enhanced functionality.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.09a
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• pp.312-313
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• 2011