• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.73-81
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• 2013

Various remediation methods have been applied to clean soils contaminated with pollutants. They remove contaminants from the soils by utilizing physicochemical, biological, and thermal processes and can satisfy soil remediation standards within a limited time; however, they also have an effect on the biological functions of soils by changing soil properties. In this study, changes of the biological properties of soils before and after treatment with three frequently used remediation methods-soil washing, land farming, and thermal desorption-were monitored to investigate the effects of remediation methods on soil biological functions. Total microbial number and soil enzyme activities, germination rate and growth of Brassica juncea, biomass change of Eisenia andrei were examined the effects on soil microorganisms, plant, and soil organisms, respectively. After soil washing, the germination rate of Brassica juncea increased but the above-ground growth and total microbial number decreased. Dehydrogenase activity, germination rate and above-ground growth increased in both land farming and thermal desorption treated soil. Although the growth of Eisenia andrei in thermal desorption treated soil was higher than any other treatment, it was still lower than that in non-contaminated soil. These results show that the remediation processes used to clean contaminated soil also affect soil biological functions. To utilize the cleaned soil for healthy and more value-added purposes, soil improvement and process development are needed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1679-1688
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• 1990

The method of nonlinear parameter estimation(NPE), which is a statistical and an inverse method, is used to estimate the thermal diffusivity of the porous insulation material. In order to apply the NPE method for measuring the thermal diffusivity, and algorithm for programing suitable to IBM personal computer is established, and is studied the statistical treatment of experimental data and theory of estimation. The experimental data obtained by discrete measurement using a constant heat flux technique are used to find the boundary conditions, initial conditions, and the thermal diffusivity, and then the final values are compared with the values obtained by some different methods. The results are presented as follows:(1) NPE method is used to establish the estimation of the thermal diffusivity and compared results with experimental output shows, that this method can be applicable to define the thermal diffusivity without considering hear flux types. (2) Because of all of the temperatures obtained by the discrete measurement on each steps of time are used to estimate the thermal diffusivity. Although some error in the temperature measurements of temperature are included in estimating process, its influences on the final value are minimzed in NPE method. (3) NPE method can reduce the experimental time including the time of data collecting in a few minutes and can take smaller specimen compared with steady state method. If the tube-type furnace is used, also the adjusting time of surrounding temperature can be reduced.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

We evaluated the applicability of baking soda, charco'al, coffee, and green tea as a natural deodorant in Kimchi packaging. Moreover, to evaluate the potential usage of these deodorants in packaging materials and confirm their applicability in high-temperature melt-extrusion processing, the thermal stabilities of the deodorants were investigated, and heat-treated deodorants were evaluated in terms of the deodorizing function compared with non-treated deodorants. Aroma patterns were decreased after deodorizing treatment with all-natural deodorants. Dimethyl disulfide, methyl trisulfide, and diallyl disulfide, the most significant odorous Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Kimchi, decreased after treatment with the deodorants. In particular, baking soda and charcoal showed the highest efficiency in removing odorous compounds and VOCs from Kimchi, even after high-temperature processing. The acetic acid removal rates for both baking soda and charcoal were 99.9±0.0%. The heating process increases the deodorizing effects of baking soda. Sensory evaluation results showed that there is a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the overall preference for Kimchi samples packaged with charcoal and baking soda. This study provides useful information for the deodorization effects of natural deodorants for Kimchi smell and their applicability for packaging materials.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.32-40
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• 2008

Background: Angelica dahurica has been used in various clinical cases. Its taste is hot and its property is warm, dry and nonpoisonous. Its efficacy is to remove wind-damp, cure swelling and edema, exhaust pus, stop itching, rhinitis and leukorrhea. Object: To test through experiment Angelica dahurica's analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy. Method: Inject acetic acid as a pain-inducing substance to the mice and measure visceral pain bywrithing reflex. Inject carrageenan that is an edema-inducing substance to the rat's paw and measure volume of edema. Take thermal pain to mice with plantar test and measure paw withdrawal latency. Normal group is non Angelica dahurica-treated group and treated group is Angelica dahurica-treated group. Results: In acetic acid-induced visceral model, treatment with Angelica dahurica suppressed writhing reflex significantlyand dose-dependently. In carrageenan-induced paw edema model, treatment with Angelica dahurica suppressed carrageenan-induced paw edema. In plantar test model, no significant effect on the withdrawal latency of thermal stimulation-induced nociception was observed. Conclusion: Angelica dahurica has analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.53-59
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• 1999

Amorphous alloys have also been called glassy alloys or non-crystalline alloys. They are made by the rapid solidification. The solidification occurs so rapid that the atoms are frozen in their liquid configuration. There are unique magnetic, mechanical, electrical and corrosive behaviors which result form their amorphous structure. In the study. amorphous coatings were manufactured with Ni-Cr-B-Si powders by flame spray. Measurement of hardness, were resistance, corrosion resistance and observation of microstructures and XRD, DSC were performed to investigate characteristics of amorphous coatings. The experimental results obtained as follow: 1) Amorphous powders could not be manufactured with the spraying in the spraying in the liquid nitrogen. But, amorphous coatings could be manufactured with the rotation cooling method by liquid nitrogen. In the fabrication of amorphous coatings, major factor was the rapid cooling by rotation of the substrate. 2) Hardness of coatings was obtained Hv 960 by formation of amorphous phase. But, wear resistance decreased. That was due to porosity in the coatings by the rapid cooling. 3) In the case of corrosion resistance, amorphous coatings were superior to air-cooled coatings. That was due to formation of amorphous phase. 4) After amorphous coatings were heat-treated at 520℃ for 1hr. hardness increased 80% and wear resistance increased 30% comparing with air cooled coatings. These were due to crystallization of amorphous phase and decrease of porosity by heat-treatment.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.266-268
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• 1997

High Voltage High Current Pulsed Electric Fields (HVHC-PEF) is a promising technology for the non-thermal pasteurization of foods and a sound complement or replacement to traditional thermal pasteurization, which inactivates bacteria and other microorganisms harmful to humans, but also degrades color, flavor, texture and nutrients. Foods can be pasteurized with pulsed electric fields at ambient or refrigerated temperatures for a short treatment time of seconds or less and the fresh-like quality of food is preserved. Although successful is laboratory tests, applying HVHC-PEF to food pasteurization on a large scale presents many unresolved engineering problems. In this paper the design considerations for 25kV 1kA class HVHC-PEF pasteurization equipment are anlyzed and experimental results are discussed.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1987.07b
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• pp.1309-1312
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• 1987

Hyperthermia for the treatment of cancer has been introduced for a long time and the biological effect for the use of hyperthermia to malignant tumors has been well established and encouraging clinical results has been observed. Unfortunately, the engineering or technical aspects of hyperthermia for the deep seated tumors has not been satisfactory. We have researched and developed the radiofrequency capacitive hyperthermia system (GHT- RF8). It was composed with 8-9 MHZ RF generator, capacitive electrode, matching system, cooling system, temperature measuring system and control computer. The thermal profile was investigated in agar phantom, animals and in human tumors, which was heated with capacitive RF device.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.76-82
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• 2000

It is well known that during the oxygen cutting process residual thermal stresses are produced in weldment. The local non-uniform heating and subsequent cooling which takes place during any welding process causes complex thermal strains and stresses to finally lead to residual stresses exceed to the yield stress. High tensile stresses combined with applied structural load in the region near the welded joint can given rise to distortion brittle fracture change of the fatigue strength and stress corrosion cracking. The appropriate treatment of the welded component which reduces the peak of he welding residual stresses is believed to lower risk of the fracture during the service of the structure. In this study the impact loading in oxygen cutting frame was applied to reduce the residual stress. After applying the impact loading redistribution of resid-ual stress was measured by cutting method and the effect of fatigue was tested.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2016

Objectives This study was performed to evaluate the effects of acupuncture, electro-acupuncture and acupuncture with pulsed electromagnetic therapy on upper extremity of healthy people and hemiplegic patients by D.I.T.I.. Methods 20 healthy people and 20 hemiplegic patients caused by stroke were selected. They have been treated three different types of treatment; acupuncture, electro-acupuncture and acupuncture with pulsed electromagnetic therapy. And skin temperature of upper extremity has been measured before and after each treatment by D.I.T.I.. The thermographic data was analyzed by 'Independent T-test' and 'Repeated measures ANOVA test'. Results 1. In healthy group, there was very statistical significant difference (p<0.001) of the amount of thermal change by each treatment, and the amount of change was arranged in descending order; acupuncture with pulsed electromagnetic, acupuncture and electro-acupuncture. 2. In hemiplegic group, the skin temperature of hemiplegic side was $0.97^{\circ}C$ cooler than non-hemiplegic side. 3. Skin temperature of all hemiplegic patients was increased after acupuncture treatment. 4. In hemiplegic group, there was statistical significant difference (p<0.05) of the amount of thermal change by each treatment, and the amount of change was arranged in descending order; acupuncture with pulsed electromagnetic, acupuncture and electro-acupuncture. Conclusions The results indicate that acupuncture, electro-acupuncture and acupuncture with pulsed electromagnetic therapy had good effect on the change of skin temperature by stimulating sympathetic nervous system.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.778-781
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• 2014

Intense pulsed light (IPL) is a nonthermal technology emerging as an alternative to conventional thermal treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of IPL treatment on the microbial inactivation, color alteration, and temperature change of dried laver to evaluate the commercial feasibility of IPL as a sterilization method. IPL treatment (10 min at 1,000 V and 5 pps) resulted in approximately 1.6 log CFU/g decrease in microbial cell viability. After IPL treatment, the surface temperature of dried laver increased by $1.9^{\circ}C$. The color lightness of dried laver increased with increased treatment time, while redness and yellowness decreased. However, these color differences were not significant.