• 제목/요약/키워드: non-steam

검색결과 260건 처리시간 0.03초

가열처리시간이 Steaming 및 Roasting green tea의 성분변화에 미치는 영향 (A study on the changes of the components in the steaming and roasting green tea after heat treatments according to time.)

  • 고영수
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.29-36
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    • 1985
  • This experiment was conducted to investigate changes of the components in steamed and roasted green tea after 10 min, 20 min and 30 min of heat treatment of heat treatment at $110^{\circ}C$. Vitamin C and tannin were determined by spetrophotometry. Total nitrogen, water-soluble nitrogen and water-soluble non protein nitrogen were determined by Kjeldahl analysis system. Aromas were identified by gas chromatography. After heat treatment, contents of most compounds decreased. Tannin and caffeine decreased a little bit, while vitamin C decreased considerably. There were both decreases and increases in aromas. Aromas which increased were geraniol, trans-2-hexenol, linalool, $\alpha$-ionone and $\beta$-ionone. From these results, it was concluded that the highest quality of green tea was one steam- treated for 10 min at $110^{\circ}C$.

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STS304 열화재의 부식및 부 식피로특성 (Corrosion and Corrosion Fatigue Characteristics of Artificially Sensitized STS 304)

  • 한지원;배동호
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제25권6호
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    • pp.28-33
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    • 2010
  • Stainless steel is useful material for various industrial facilities such as the nuclear and steam power plant and the heavy chemical industry due to its good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. However, it has also a large problem that is sensitized in the welding process and its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties decreases by sensitization. Thus, corrosion and corrosion fatigue characteristics of artificially sensitized austenitic STS304 were investigated through the EPR test and corrosion fatigue test. Obtained results are as follows: 1) According to the sensitizing period increase, Cr deficiency layer is linearly expanded. 2) Degree of sensitization(Ia/Ir) proportionally increased with sensitizing period. However, after 4hrs, it showed constant value. 3) Cr-carbide($Cr_{23}C_6$) in the grain boundary increased as sensitizing period increases until six hours. 4) corrosion fatigue strength of sensitized STS304 were remarkably reduced compare to non-sensitized ones.

폐타이어 재활용 처리를 위한 열분해 열병합 복합공정기술개발 (Development on Integrated Pyrolysis Cogeneration System for Waste Tire Recycling Treatment)

  • 김성연;하만영
    • 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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    • pp.1990-1995
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    • 2008
  • The thermochemical recycling of waste tires by pyrolysis is studied to recover the value added three by-products; a pyrolytic carbon black, a pyrolytic oil, and a non-condensable gas. The exhausted energy from pyrolysis of waste tires is converted for electricity power and process steam in cogeneration system. The characteristics of the pyrolysis recovered by-products as alternative energy resource are investigated with the design of a demonstration and a commercialization plant including cogeneration system, as called integrated pyrolysis cogeneration system.

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A Development of a Transient Hydrogen Generation Model for Metal-Water Interactions

  • Lee, Jin-Yong;Park, Goon-Cherl;Lee, Byung-Chul
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제32권6호
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    • pp.549-558
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    • 2000
  • A transient model for hydrogen generation in molten metal-water interactions was developed with separate models for two stages of coarse mixing and stratification. The model selves the mechanistic equations (heat and mass transfer correlation, heat conduction equation and the concentration diffusion equation) of each stage with non-zero boundary conditions. Using this model, numerical simulations were performed for single droplet experiments in the Argonne National Laboratory tests and for FITS tests that simulated dynamic fragmentation and stratification. The calculation results of hydrogen generation showed better agreement to the experiment data than those of previous works. It was found from the analyses that the steam concentration to be reached at the reaction front might be the main constraint to the extent of the metal droplet oxidized. Also, the hydrogen generation rate in the coarse mixing stage was the higher than that in the stratification stage. The particle size was the most important factor in the coarse mixing stage to predict the amount of hydrogen generation.

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Preliminary analyses on decontamination factors during pool scrubbing with bubble size distributions obtained from EPRI experiments

  • Lee, Yoonhee;Cho, Yong Jin;Ryu, Inchul
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제53권2호
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    • pp.509-521
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    • 2021
  • In this paper, from a review of the size distribution of the bubbles during pool scrubbing obtained from experiments by EPRI, we apply the bubble size distributions to analyses on the decontamination factors of pool scrubbing via I-COSTA (In-Containment Source Term Analysis). We perform sensitivity studies of the bubble size on the various mechanisms of deposition of aerosol particles in pool scrubbing. We also perform sensitivity studies on the size distributions of the bubbles depending on the diameters at the nozzle exit, the molecular weights of non-condensable gases in the carrier gases, and the steam fractions of the carrier gases. We then perform analyses of LACE-ESPANA experiments and compare the numerical ~ results to those from SPARC-90 and experimental results in order to show the effect of the bubble size distributions.

증숙 및 습식분쇄 조건에 따른 인삼의 품질 특성 (Quality Characteristics of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer with Steaming Heat and Wet Grinding Conditions)

  • 임가영;장세영;정용진
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제39권7호
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    • pp.1005-1010
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구에서는 인삼의 유용성분 강화 및 인삼 전근 활용을 위한 증숙 및 습식분쇄 조건을 조사하였다. 그 결과 무처리(A), $95^{\circ}C$/3 hr(B) 및 $121^{\circ}C$/15 min(C)의 증숙조건에 의해 각각의 당도는 7.7, 10.7 및 $11.2^{\circ}Brix$, 갈색도 0.37, 1.97 및 1.50로 증숙구간에서 당도 및 갈색도가 높게 나타났다. 조사포닌 함량은 7.19(A), 6.99(B) 및 8.83 mg/g(C)으로 C 조건에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 관능검사를 실시한 결과 C 조건에서 쓴맛 감소, 단맛 강도 및 전반적 기호도가 가장 높게 나타나 증숙처리 조건에서 관능적인 특성을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 가수량에 따른 습식분쇄 조건을 조사한 결과 가수량 300%에서 입자가 가장 작게 나타났다. 인삼의 습식분쇄조건은 분쇄 30분 및 3회에서 분쇄효율이 높았으며 평균입자크기는 $67.66\;{\mu}m$로 미세화되었다. 분쇄시간 및 횟수에 따른 유효성분 함량은 큰 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과 증숙처리($121^{\circ}C$/15 min) 및 습식분쇄는 인삼의 전근 활용 및 유효성분 강화에 효과적인 것으로 확인되었다.

Nutritional value and in situ degradability of oak wood roughage and its feeding effects on growth performance and behavior of Hanwoo steers during the early fattening period

  • Ju, Ye Ri;Baek, Youl Chang;Jang, Sun Sik;Oh, Young Kyoon;Lee, Sung Suk;Kim, Yong Sik;Park, Keun Kyu
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제33권6호
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    • pp.930-940
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    • 2020
  • Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate changes in nutritional value and in situ dry matter (DM) degradability of oak and pine wood before and after steam-digestion process (60 min/160℃/6 atm) and feeding effect of the oak roughage on performance and behavior of Hanwoo steers. Methods: Chemical composition and tannin concentration were analyzed for oak and pine trees before and after the pretreatment. In situ DM and effective degradability of these samples were assessed using a nylon bag method. In vivo trial was performed to estimate animal performance and behavior, using steers fed total mixed ration (TMR) diets containing 0% (control), 25% (OR-25), and 50% (OR-50) of the oak roughage. Eighteen steers were allocated into nine pens (2 steers/pen, 3 pens/treatment) for 52 days according to body weight (BW) and age. Results: By the steam-digestion treatment, the neutral detergent-insoluble fiber was decreased from 86.5% to 71.5% for oak and from 92.4% to 80.5% for pine, thereby increasing non-fiber carbohydrate. In situ DM degradability of treated oak reached 38% at 72 h, whereas that of untreated oak was only 11.9%. The 0 h degradability of the treated pine increased from 5.9% to 12.1%, but the degradability was unchanged thereafter. Animal performance including BW, average daily gain, DM intake, and feed conversion ratio was not different among control and oak treatments. No differences were detected in animal behavior such as lying, standing, rumination, drinking, and eating, except walking. Walking was higher in control than oak treatments with numerically higher eating and lower lying times, probably due to bulkier characteristics of rice straw in the diet. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the oak roughage can be substituted for 50% of total forage or 100% of rice straw in TMR diets at early fattening stage of Hanwoo steers.

양생 방법에 따른 알칼리활성 시멘트 모르타르의 특성 (Properties of Alkali-Activated Cement Mortar by Curing Method)

  • 김지훈;이재규;형원길
    • 콘크리트학회논문집
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.117-124
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    • 2014
  • 온실가스 배출로 인한 환경 문제가 전 세계적으로 대두되고 있으며 시멘트 산업의 $CO_2$ 배출 비중은 매우 큰 실정이고 앞으로도 시멘트의 지속적인 수요가 필요하다. 이 연구에서는 시멘트 생산에 의한 $CO_2$ 배출과 환경 부하를 감소시키기 위해 산업부산물인 고로슬래그를 활용하여 소성을 거치지 않은 알칼리활성 시멘트의 개발을 위한 기초 물성 실험을 실시하였다. 2차 제품으로의 활용 등 양생에 따른 특성을 비교하기 위하여 상압 증기 양생 등 양생 조건을 다르게 하여 실험을 진행하였다. 모르타르 경화체를 통한 휨 압축강도 측정으로 역학적 특성을 파악하고 내산성 내염화물 침투성 등 화학적 특성을 파악하였으며 XRD, SEM 실험을 통해 수화 반응 메커니즘을 분석하였다. 이 실험 결과로부터 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트와 비교하여 우수한 역학적 화학적 특성을 확인하였고, 뛰어난 내구성을 요구하는 지하구조물이나 수중 및 해중 구조물에 적용이 가능할 것으로 예상된다. 증기 양생을 통한 우수한 장기강도를 바탕으로 콘크리트 2차 제품에 시멘트 대체제로 활용이 가능할 것으로 예상되며 지속적인 연구를 통해 문제점을 해결하여 우수한 경제성 및 환경부하를 줄일 수 있는 효과가 기대된다.

증기양생이 불필요한 PC부재용 조강형 콘크리트 개발에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Development of Non-PC High-Early-Strength Concrete Without Steam Curing)

  • 전우철;이지환;박희곤;이재삼;김경민;조인성
    • 한국건축시공학회지
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.156-162
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구는 PC(Precast Concrete)부재 생산 시 스팀양생 공정을 생략하여 경제적 및 환경적 문제를 해결하고자 상온양생으로 탈형강도(10MPa이상)를 만족시킬 수 있는 조강형 콘크리트를 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 따라서, 조기강도 발현에 반응성이 높은 $C_3S$를 많이 함유하고 있는 조강 시멘트와 $C_3S$의 수화반응을 높이는 경화촉진제를 사용한 조강콘크리트를 평가하였으며, 경화촉진제를 사용한 콘크리트 실험결과는 다음과 같다. 유동성 확인을 위한 슬럼프 플로 시험과 공기량은 목표값을 만족하였다. 경화촉진제를 혼입함에 있어 압축강도는 12시간까지 급격한 발현성상을 나타내었으며, 6~9시간 만에 목표를 만족하였다. 건조수축 및 자기수축의 최대 수축량은 ($-800{\times}10^{-6}$)이하의 값을 나타내어 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 간이단열온도상승 시험으로 24시간 이내에 Peak 온도를 나타내고 감소하는 것을 확인하였다.

계면활성제를 이용하여 제조된 중형기공성 알루미나 담체에 담지된 니켈촉매 상에서 액화천연가스(LNG)의 수증기개질반응에 의한 수소 제조 (Hydrogen Production by Steam Reforming of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) over Nickel Catalyst Supported on Surfactant-templated Mesoporous Alumina)

  • 서정길;윤민혜;송인규
    • 청정기술
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.47-53
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    • 2009
  • 양이온성(C), 음이온성(A) 및 비이온성(N) 계면활성제 각각을 주형물질로 사용하여 중형기공성 알루미나 (A-C, A-A 및 A-N)를 제조한 후, 이를 담체로 활용하여 일반적인 함침법으로 담지 니켈촉매(Ni/A-C, Ni/A-A 및 Ni/A-N)를 제조하였으며, 이를 액화천연가스의 수증기 개질반응에 의한 수소 제조에 적용하였다. 소성된 촉매에서 니켈종은 계면활성제의 종류에 상관없이 중형기공성 알루미나 담체의 표면에 균일하게 분산되었다. 하지만 환원된 촉매에서 니켈과 알루미나 담체 간의 상호작용 세기는 계면활성제의 종류에 밀접하게 의존하였다. 액화천연가스 전환율 및 건가스 중 수소가스 조성은 Ni/A-C < Ni/A-A < Ni/A-N의 순으로 증가하였다. 환원된 촉매 상의 니켈 비표면적이 증가할수록 반응활성 역시 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 제조된 촉매중에서 니켈 비표면적이 가장 높은 Ni/A-N 촉매가 가장 높은 반응환성을 나타내었다.