• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.159-165
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• 2015

Although the short isoform of ErbB3-binding protein 1 (Ebp1), p42 has been considered to be a potent tumor suppressor in a number of human cancers, whether p42 suppresses tumorigenesis of lung cancer cells has never been clarified. In the current study we investigated the tumor suppressor role of p42 in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Our data suggest that the expression level of p42 is inversely correlated with the cancerous properties of NSCLC cells and that ectopic expression of p42 is sufficient to inhibit cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and invasion as well as tumor growth in vivo. Interestingly, p42 suppresses Akt activation and overexpression of a constitutively active form of Akt restores the tumorigenic activity of A549 cells that is ablated by exogenous p42 expression. Thus, we propose that p42 Ebp1 functions as a potent tumor suppressor of NSCLC through interruption of Akt signaling.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.973-981
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• 1998

Background: About 30% to 40% of the patients with pathologic stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) die within 5 years after complete resection. The identification of poor prognostic factors and the application of additional treatment are very important to improve the survival rate in resected stage I NSCLC. Materials and methods: Sixty-eight(68) patients who had been diagnosed postoperatively between Janury 1989 and December 1995 as having stage I non-small cell lung cancer according to the TNM classification were studied. The postoperative 5-year survival rate was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method, and clinico- histopathologic factors including age, sex, operative method, type of tumor cell, T factor, grade of the differentiation in a squamous cell carcinoma, invasion of blood vessel and expression of the nm23-H1 protein were investigated and analyzed. Results: The median survival of the entire group of patients was 58$\pm$3 months, with a 5-year survival of 58.9%. In univariate analysis, invasion of blood vessel and poor differentiation of the tumor cell in a squamous cell carcinoma significantly worsened the survival. In multivariate analysis, invasion of blood vessel and grade of the differentiation of the tumor cells in a squamous cell carcinoma remained independent prognostic factors. High expression of the nm23-H1 protein was related to a high postoperative 5-year survival in comparision with low expression of the nm23-H1 pretein (73.0% vs 50.7%), but there was no statistical significance. Conclusions: These results highlight the negative prognostic value of poor differentiation of tumor cells in a squamous cell carcinoma and invasion of blood vessel in stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Also, further studies are necessary to be determined prognostic value of the T factor and expression of the nm23 protein in non-small cell lung cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4765-4768
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• 2013

Aims: This study was conducted to evaluate the levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF in serum of patients with non- small cell lung cancer, for assessing their possible diagnostic and prognostic roles. Methods: We enrolled 48 patients newly diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer and 40 healthy controls. TNF- ${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-8 levels were measured in the serum of all the subjects with specific radioimmunoassay kits, while EGF was analyzed by sandwich enzyme immunoassay techniques. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between lung cancer patients and the control group regarding the values of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF in serum. Moreover, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-8 and VEGF levels were higher in patients with advanced stages compared to early stages. In addition, higher serum levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF were found in smokers than in non-smokers, both in patients and controls. Conclusion: Serum levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF were all elevated in lung cancer patients, suggesting that inflammatory cytokines could be jointly used as a screening tool. Though TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-8 and VEGF levels were related to advanced disease, long-term survival studies of NSCLC patients should be performed to confirm whether they can act as biomarkers of advanced disease. In addition, smoking would be an important contributor to the processes of inflammation and lung cancer.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this case report is to examine clinical application of Traditional Korean medicine including aconitum ciliare decaisne pharmacopuncture for cancer pain caused by bone metastasis of non small cell lung cancer. Methods : The patient diagnosed as non small cell lung cancer was treated with pharmacopuncture, acupuncture, electroacupuncture and herbal medicine. We used NRS(Numeric rating scale) and ECOG PS(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status) to observe the effect of the treatment. Results : After the treatment, NRS of cancer pain and ECOG PS score decreased. Also, the frequency of using rapid-onset opioids decreased. Conclusions : This study suggests Traditional Korean medicine treatment including aconitum ciliare decaisne pharmacopuncture is effective in cancer pain control caused by metastasis to bone with multiple organs with non small cell lung cancer.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.75 no.5
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• pp.181-187
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• 2013

The emergence of new therapeutic agents for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) implies that histologic subtyping and molecular predictive testing are now essential for therapeutic decisions. Histologic subtype predicts the efficacy and toxicity of some treatment agents, as do genetic alterations, which can be important predictive factors in treatment selection. Molecular markers, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement, are the best predictors of response to specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment agents. As the majority of patients with NSCLC present with unresectable disease, it is therefore crucial to optimize the use of tissue samples for diagnostic and predictive examinations, particularly for small biopsy and cytology specimens. Therefore, each institution needs to develop a diagnostic approach requiring close communication between the pulmonologist, radiologist, pathologist, and oncologist in order to preserve sufficient biopsy materials for molecular analysis as well as to ensure rapid diagnosis. Currently, personalized medicine in NSCLC is based on the histologic subtype and molecular status. This review summarizes strategies for tissue acquisition, histologic subtyping and molecular analysis for predictive testing in NSCLC.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.247-259
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• 2022

Immunotherapy, which uses an immune mechanism in the body, has received considerable attention for cancer treatment. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), also known as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), is used as a cancer treatment to induce active immunity by increasing the expression of T cell-induced chemokines. However, this SAHA treatment has the disadvantage of causing PD-L1 overexpression in tumor cells. In this study, we prevented PD-L1 overexpression by blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway using PD-L1 siRNA. We designed two types of liposomes, the neutral lipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholin (POPC) for SAHA, and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammoniumpropane (DOTAP) for siRNA. To effectively target PD-L1 in cancer cells, we conjugated PD-L1 antibody with liposomes containing SAHA or PD-L1 siRNA. These immunoliposomes were also evaluated for cytotoxicity, gene silencing, and T-cell-induced chemokine expression in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. It was confirmed that the combination of the two immunoliposomes increased the cancer cell suppression efficacy through Jurkat T cell induction more than twice compared to SAHA alone treatment. In conclusion, this combination of immunoliposomes containing a drug and nucleic acid has promising therapeutic potential for non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4147-4156
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• 2015

Lung cancer is a serious health problem and leading cause of death worldwide due to its high incidence and mortality. More than 80% of lung cancers feature a non-small cell histology. Over few decades, systemic chemotherapy and surgery are the only treatment options in this type of tumor but due to their limited efficacy and overall poor survival of patients, there is an urge to develop newer therapeutic strategies which circumvent the problems. Enhanced knowledge of translational science and molecular biology have revealed that lung tumors carry diverse driver gene mutations and adopt different intracellular pathways leading to carcinogenesis. Hence, the development of targeted agents against molecular subgroups harboring critical mutations is an attractive approach for therapeutic treatment. Targeted therapies are clearly more preferred nowadays over systemic therapies because they target tumor specific molecules resulting with enhanced activity and reduced toxicity to normal tissues. Thus, this review encompasses comprehensive updates on targeted therapies for the driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the potential challenges of acquired drug resistance faced i n the field of targeted therapy along with the imminent newer treatment modalities against lung cancer.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.208-211
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• 2005

Primary lung cancer is unusual in children; the squamous cell variant is extremely rare. Lung cancer is classified by histologic types into small-cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung caner, carcinoid, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Furthermore, non-small cell lung cancer is subclassified into adenocarcinoma, large-cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. The incidence of lung cancer is influenced by smoking, especially in squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. The present treatments for these tumors are chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical resection depending on their histologic types or stages, but yield very poor survival rates. In this article, we report a case of basaloid squamous cell lung carcinoma in an 11-year-old boy who had symptoms of both leg weakness and back pain radiating to both legs. We confirmed the primary lung carcinoma cells by percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy. The metastatic carcinoma cells were identified at the bone marrow and lumbar spine. We treated with a combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, he expired 4 months after the onset of disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.875-880
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• 2015

Mediator 19 (Med19) is a component of the mediator complex which is a coactivator for DNA-binding factors that activate transcription via RNA polymerase II. Accumulating evidence has shown that Med19 plays important roles in cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. The involvement of Med19 in sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin was here investigated. We employed RNA interference to reduce Med19 expression in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and analyzed their phenotypic changes. The results showed that after Med19 siRNA transfection, expression of Med19 mRNA and protein was dramatically reduced (p<0.05). Meanwhile, impaired growth potential, arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin were exhibited. Apoptosis and caspase-3 activity were increased when cells were exposed to Med19 siRNA and/or cisplatin. The present findings suggest that Med19 facilitates tumorigenic properties of NSCLC cells and knockdown of Med19 may be a rational therapeutic tool for lung cancer cisplatin sensitization.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.324-330
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• 2000

Objective : Lung cancer arises after a series of morphological changes, which take several years to progress from normal epithelium to invasive cancer. Multiple molecular changes and growth factor production have been documented in lung cancers, both small cell and non-small cell types. Insulin-like growth factors(IGFs) are important mitogenic and anabolic peptides, both in vivo and in vitro, and are thought to be significant autocrine-paracrine factors involved in normal and malignant cell proliferation. In this study, the degree of expression of IGF-1 on the immunohistochemical staining in human non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) cells and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells were investigated. Methods : Immunohistochemical staining for IGF-1 was performed in 15 cases of small cell carcinoma, 15 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 15 cases of adenocarcinoma, and 12 cases of bronchoalveolar carcinoma. Results : The expression of IGF-1 on the immunohistochemical staining significantly increased in NSCLC cells than in SCLC cells. Conclusion : These results suggest the expression of IGF-1 in human lung cancer cells. The immunohistochemical staining of IGF-1 in lung cancer cell lines may assist in the differentiation of NSCLC and SCLC.