• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.2481-2485
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• 2007

Spatially resolved, quantitative, non-destructive analysis using synchrotron x-ray reflectivity (XR) with subnano-scale resolution was successfully performed on the nanoporous organosilicate thin films for low dielectric applications. The structural information of porous thin films, which were prepared with polymethylsilsesquioxane and thermally labile 4-armed, star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) composites, were characterized in terms of the laterally averaged electron density profile along with a film thickness as well as a total thickness. The thermal process used in this work caused to efficiently undergo sacrificial thermal degradation, generating closed nanopores in the film. The resultant nanoporous films became homogeneous, well-defined structure with a thin skin layer and low surface roughness. The average electron density of the calcined film reduced with increase of the initial porogen loading, and finally leaded to corresponding porosity ranged from 0 to 22.8% over the porogen loading range of 0-30 wt%. In addition to XR analysis, the surface and the inner structures of films are investigated and discussed with atomic force and scanning electron microscopy images.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2014

This paper presents a brief summary on a relatively new plasma aided electrolytic surface treatment process for light metals. A brief discussion regarding the advantages, principle, process parameters and applications of this process is discussed. The process owes its origin to Sluginov who discovered an arc discharge phenomenon in electrolysis in 1880. A similar process was studied and developed by Markov and coworkers in 1970s who successfully deposited an oxide film on aluminium. Several investigation thereafter lead to the establishment of suitable process parameters for deposition of a crystalline oxide film of more than $100{\mu}m$ thickness on the surface of light metals such as aluminium, titanium and magnesium. This process nowadays goes by several names such as plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), micro-arc oxidation (MOA), anodic spark deposition (ASD) etc. Several startups and surface treatment companies have taken up the process and deployed it successfully in a range of products, from military grade rifles to common off road sprockets. However, there are certain limitations to this technology such as the formation of an outer porous oxide layer, especially in case of magnesium which displays a Piling Bedworth ratio of less than one and thus an inherent non protective oxide. This can be treated further but adds to the cost of the process. Overall, it can be said the PEO process offers a better solution than the conventional coating processes. It offers advantages considering the fact that he electrolyte used in PEO process is environmental friendly and the temperature control is not as strict as in case of other surface treatment processes.

• 멤브레인
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2012

다공성 $La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Ti_{0.3}Fe_{0.7}O_{3-{\delta}}$로 코팅된 $Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-{\delta}}$ 관형 분리막은 압출성형 및 dip coating 방법으로 제조 되었다. 코팅된 관형 분리막의 특성은 X-선 회절분석기(XRD)와 전자 주사 현미경(SEM)을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 분석결과 $2{\mu}m$의 다공성 코팅 층을 갖는 페롭스카이트 구조임을 알 수 있었다. 산소투과량 분석은 $750{\sim}950^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 공급측과 투과 측을 대기 중 공기와 진공으로 하여 수행되었다. 다공성의 $La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Ti_{0.3}Fe_{0.7}O_{3-{\delta}}$로 코팅된 $Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-{\delta}}$ 관형 분리막의 산소투과량은 $950^{\circ}C$에서 $3.2mL/min{\cdot}cm^2$로 코팅되지 않은 분리막보다 높게 나타났으며, 11일 동안의 장기 안정성 실험결과 코팅 층에 의해 안정성이 증가됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2023

Purpose: Currently, research on environmental conditions and finishing materials for medical facilities with proven antiviral performance is poor in Korea. Through this study, we have explored environmental characteristics and finishing materials that can be used to control cross-infection when constructing medical facilities. Methods: Experiments in overseas papers related to antiviral effects of environmental conditions, spatial compartments, and interior finishes have been analyzed. Results: The higher the temperature, the higher the humidity, and the higher the illuminance of sunlight, the lower the viability of the corona-virus. The proliferation of viruses was suppressed on the surface of the copper alloy. Materials such as brushed steel are the ones that maintain the strongest viability. Among the characteristics of the surface, survival and propagation power differ depending on whether it is porous or hydrophilic. In the case of infection ward actually operated in Italy, the presence of airborne viruses in contaminated and non-contaminated spaces differed significantly. Corona-virus has been identified in reachable parts such as door handles and medical shelves in quasi-contaminated spaces, which are spaces between contaminated and non-contaminated spaces, but the corona-virus has not been identified in cases of out-of-touch walls. Implications: It is necessary to evaluate the performance by testing the construction finishing materials of infection control facilities according to domestic conditions.

• 분석과학
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2020

진공금속증착법(vacuum metal deposition, 이하 VMD)는 비다공성과 반다공성 표면의 잠재지문을 현출하는데 효과적이다. VMD는 일반적인 기법으로 현출할 수 없거나 어려운 표면에 유류된 지문을 현출하는 경우에서 활용할 수 있다. VMD 기법이 권장되는 표면은 비닐, 폴리머 지폐, 마그네틱 코팅 처리가 된 티켓 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 택배 봉투로 주로 사용되는 분홍색 고밀도 폴리에틸렌 봉투(HDPE)와 저밀도 폴리에틸렌 봉투(LDPE)에 지문을 유류한 뒤 최소 12시간부터 최대 28일이 경과한 지문을 현출하기 위한 금의 최소 투입량을 탐색하였다. 그리고 그 결과를 흑색분말, 형광분말의 효과와 비교하였다. 또한, 실제로 배송에 사용된 택배 봉투를 수거한 다음 HDPE와 LDPE로 분류하고 pseudo-operation test를 시행하였다. 그 결과, VMD는 HDPE와 LDPE 표면에서 비교적 일관된 지문 현출 결과를 보여주었다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 생활오수, 산업폐수, 축산폐수 등에서 발생하는 질산성화합물 및 난분해성 화합물을 효과적으로 처리하기 위해 막분리법과 다공 전극형 전기분해법을 조합한 하 폐수의 고도처리 기술을 제안하였고 제안 시스템의 효율성을 검토하였다. 제안하는 시스템은 활성슬러지 공정, 막분리 공정, 다공 전극형 전기분해공정의 3단계로 구성하였다. 본 연구에서 구성되는 막분리 공정은 부유물질을 제거해줌으로써 전기분해공정의 부하를 최소화할 수 있는 역할을 담당할 수 있게 하여 시스템을 안정하게 운전할 수 있도록 하였다. 전기분해 하이브리드 공정에 있어서는 다공성 전극으로 구성함으로써 비표면적의 확대로 인한 전극의 효율성을 높였다. 아울러 외부전압을 인가함에 따라 처리제의 공급 없이 장치에 유입된 물을 분해시킴으로써 산화 환원 반응을 유도하였다. 즉 중간체로서 수소 자유전자 라디칼과 산소원자 라디칼이 발생되어 난분해성 유기물을 산화 분해하는 역할을 담당하도록 하였다. 이는 전극 내에서 발생하는 중간체를 폐용질의 분해에 사용하기 때문에 친환경적 처리공법이었다. 실험결과들은 제안공정이 활성슬러지공법에 비하여 우수한 공정임을 보여 주었다. SS제거율은 제안공정, 막분리공정, 활성슬러지 단독공정에서 각각 약 100%, 약 100%, 약 90%였고 COD 제거효율은 제안공정 약 92%, 막분리공정 약 84%, 활성슬러지 단독공정 약 75%였으며 T-N의 제거효율은 제안공정 약 88%, 막분리공정 약 67% 활성슬러지 단독공정 약 58%였다. 이결과는 SS의 제거에 있어서 막분리 하이브리드 공정만으로도 부유물질이 충분히 제거됨을 나타내고 있었다. COD의 제거에 있어서 막분리 하이브리드 공정은 SS분의 제거를 통한 COD와 SS이외의 유기물질이 소량제거 되었음을 보였고 전기분해 하이브리드 공정에 있어서는 유기물질의 산화반응을 통한 분해로 높은 제거효율을 보였다. T-N의 제거에 있어서는 막분리 하이브리드 공정은 SS분에 포함된 부분과 소량의 유기물에 포함된 부분이 제거되고 있는 반면 전기분해 공정에 있어서는 유기물질의 산화분해반응으로 인한 높은 제거효율을 나타내고 있었다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two different metal conditioners for non-precious metal alloys for the bonding of porcelain to a cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloy. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Disk-shaped specimens ($2.5{\times}10.0mm$) were cast with Co-Cr alloy and used as adherend materials. The bonding surfaces were polished with a 600-grid silicon carbide paper and airborne-particle abraded using $110{\mu}m$ alumina particles. Bonding specimens were fabricated by applying and firing either of the metal conditioners on the airborne-particle abraded surface, followed by firing porcelain into 5 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height. Specimens without metal conditioner were also fabricated. Shear bond strength for each group (n=8) were measured and compared (${\alpha}=.05$). Sectional view of bonding interface was observed by SEM. EDS analysis was performed to determine the chemical elements of metal conditioners and to determine the failure modes after shear test. RESULTS. There were significant differences among three groups, and two metal conditioner-applied groups showed significantly higher values compared to the non-metal conditioner group. The SEM observation of the sectional view at bonding interface revealed loose contact at porcelain-alloy surface for non-metal conditioner group, however, close contact at both alloy-metal conditioner and metal conditioner-porcelain interfaces for both metal conditioner-applied groups. All the specimens showed mixed failures. EDS analysis showed that one metal conditioner was Si-based material, and another was Ti-based material. Si-based metal conditioner showed higher bond strengths compared to the Ti-based metal conditioner, but exhibited more porous failure surface failure. CONCLUSION. Based on the results of this study, it can be stated that the application of metal conditioner is recommended for the bonding of porcelain to cobalt-chromium alloys.

• 공업화학
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2015

나노 탄소재료를 복합화하면 기존 재료의 특성을 유지하면서 그 효율을 극대화할 수 있다. 여기에 이종원소를 부가하면 전기화학적인 특성이 디자인되므로, 나노 탄소재료의 복합화를 통해 한 종류의 나노 재료로부터 여러 강점을 얻을 수 있다. 특히 탄소나노섬유와 금속산화물을 복합화하면 탄소나노섬유의 전기이중층 뿐만 아니라 금속산화물의 산화 환원 반응을 이용하여 비축전 용량, 고율 특성, 수명 특성이 향상되고 높은 수준의 출력밀도가 유지되는 고용량 슈퍼 캐퍼시터용 전극 소재를 개발할 수 있다. 본 총설에서는 탄소의 고출력특성과 금속산화물의 고에너지 특성이 동시에 발현되는 금속산화물계 탄소나노섬유복합체의 제법과 응용에 대한 최신연구를 다루도록 하겠다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.436-441
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• 2003

The characteristics of <112> orientation were studied for the $TiO_2$thin films, which were prepared on the glass by CVD (chemical vapor deposition) at various substrate temperatures. It was confirmed that $TiO_2$ films exhibited <112>-preferred orientation in a specific temperature range. Although $TiO_2$polycrystalline film grown deposited at relatively low temperature showed the growth of random directions, the <112>-preferred orientation was gradually developed with increasing deposition temperature. According to exhibit higher degree of <112>-preferred orientation, $TiO_2$thin film showed porous surface morphology, well-developed columnar structure, and deeper voids resulted from non-aggregation of columns were observed. In addition, transmittance was enhanced. Therefore, the growth of $TiO_2$with <112>-preferred orientation is suitable for glass coating because of predominance of photocatalytic efficiency and transmittance.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.66-75
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• 1993

Dental abrasive, dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPD) was prepared and the several important factors affecting on the quality of toothpaste were investigated by means of set test, glycerine absorption, Coulter counter test, color difference, BET adsorption, mercury porosimetery, and rheogram comparing with two foreign DCPDs, MFO4 and Dentphos K. Sample DCPD was prepared by reaction between 85% H$_{3}$PO$_{4}$ and 15% milk of lime at $39^{\circ}C$ (pH6.5), and stabilized with TSPP and TMP. The physicochemical properties of Sample DCPD were obtained as follows: whiteness (98.99), average particle size (15.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$), pH (7.9), remainder particle weight (0.49w/w%), glycerine absorption value (64 ml), and set test (passed). N$_{2}$ adsorption curves (BET) of three kinds of DCPD showed non-porous type III isotherm. BET adsorption parameters of sample DCPD showed that surface area was 24.9 m$^{2}$/g, total pore volume 0.09 cm$^{3}$/g and average pore radius 72.0 $\AA$. The rheogram of the toothpaste containing each DCPD showed bulged plastic flow with yield vlaue and thixotropic behavior. These results meet standard requirements as abrasive standard, and suggested that synthesized sample DCPD could be used a dental abrasive such as a high quality grade in practice as foreign DCPDs.