• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.549-556
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• 2016

In this study, we analyzed and compared the constituents of Southern ecotype garlic cultivars, Namdo and Daeseo garlic, cultivated in volcanic and non-volcanic ash soil in Jeju Island and compared the soil properties in these regions. The volcanic ash soil in which Namdo garlic grew had higher electrical conductivity and more available sulfur, whereas the volcanic ash soil in which Daeseo garlic was cultivated had a higher amount of organic matter and total nitrogen. Also, non-volcanic ash soil in which Namdo garlic was cultivated had higher levels of available phosphorous. Namdo garlic cultivated in volcanic ash soil had high levels of total soluble solids and a high allicin content and Daeseo garlic exhibited a higher reducing sugar content. Furthermore, amongst the macroelements found in garlic grown on Jeju Island, potassium was highest, followed by sulfur, magnesium, calcium, and sodium. Iron was the most abundant micronutrient, followed by zinc, manganese, and copper. These results will be of interest to farmers aiming to cultivate high-quality garlic.

• Food Quality and Culture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.46-57
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• 2007

The purpose of the present study was to examine the nutrient intake status of elderly dementia patients. We surveyed the dietary intake of 50 demented elderly patients receiving a regular diet, who were hospitalized in a geriatric hospital in Yongin, Gyeonggi-do. The average age of the subjects was $79.6{\pm}6.5$ for the males and $80.5{\pm}6.3$ for the females. The average heights were $169.5{\pm}6.0\;cm$ (males) and $154.6{\pm}5.2\;cm$ (females), and the average weights were $58.5{\pm}7.4$ (males) and $51.7{\pm}8.9\;kg$ (females). Depending on the type of dementia, the male patients showed significant differences in their intakes of vegetable protein, fiber, total iron, and non-heme iron between the Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the vascular dementia (VD) groups, and the female patients showed significant differences in their intakes of total protein, phosphorus, zinc, and vitamin $B_6$ between the two groups. The male patients showed significant differences in their intakes of animal-source calcium and carotene according to ability to self-feed. According to physical activity, the male patients showed significant differences in vegetable fat and vitamin A intake, and the females showed significant differences in their intakes of total protein, animal protein, fiber, ash, total calcium, vegetable-source calcium, animal-source calcium, phosphorous, total iron, non-heme iron, heme iron, sodium, vitamins $B_1$, $B_2$, $B_6$, niacin, vitamin C, folate, and potassium. We found that the patients consumed excessive protein, but low amounts of calcium, vitamin $B_2$, and folate. Also, the patients' physical activity abilities appeared to affect their nutrient intakes.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.276-287
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• 2013

Domestic sewage contains increasingly more pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), due to rising use of medicines, health supplement food and daily necessities. And various types of industrial wastewater from pollution sources in treatment areas could flow into the public sewerage treatment plants (PSTPs) in metropolitan areas. The conventional PSTPs are designed to treat suspended solids, biodegradable organics, nitrogen and phosphorous from residential and industrial areas and public facilities. However, toxic, conventional, and non-coventional pollutants from non-domestic sources that discharge into sewer system as well as domestic source with various chemicals could not be treated in the conventional PSTPs and discharged untreated to public basin. In this paper we aim to consider the establishment system of effluent standard of PSTPs in comparison with water quality standard of water environment and wastewater discharge regulation. And also we suggest the necessity of regulations on the pretreatment of industrial wastewater as part of efforts to improve water quality in sewerage systems and to protect public basin.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.77-86
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• 2020

A thin and porous non-flammable wiper was prepared by phosphorus acid solution treatment and subsequent oven annealing. The H₃PO₃ treatment improved flame retardancy of wiper paper to nonflammable level. Thermogravimetric analyses showed that residues increased to 50% at 700℃, which means this treatment helps dehydration of the cellulose chain and promotes the formation of char-like structures during the burning. FT-IR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that some of the added H₃PO₃ could react with the functional groups of the cellulose chain. The reacted H₃PO₃ components promote dehydration of the cellulose components and the formation of a char-like structure and improve the flame retardancy of the wiper paper.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.708-718
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• 2010

The objective of the current study was to determine seasonal changes in glucose, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), serum inorganic phosphorous (SIP), calcium, magnesium and iron concentrations in Nguni and crossbred cattle on the sweet and sour rangelands of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Body weights, body condition scores (BCS) and serum concentrations of energy-related metabolites and mineral profiles were determined in late cool-dry, hot-dry, hot-wet, post-rainy and early cool-dry seasons in 100 cattle raised on communal rangelands from August 2007 to May 2008. Nguni cattle had lower (p<0.05) and higher (p<0.05) serum concentrations of glucose in the hot-wet and post-rainy seasons, respectively, compared to crossbreds in the same seasons. Serum cholesterol and NEFA concentrations in Nguni were lower (p<0.05) than in the crossbreds. Nguni and crossbred cattle had higher (p<0.05) serum NEFA concentrations on the sweet rangeland during the late cool-dry season than on sour rangeland. Nguni cattle had higher (p<0.05) SIP concentration in the hot-wet season than the crossbreds. Generally, both breeds had lowest SIP concentration during the hot-wet season on the sour rangeland. The lowest magnesium and highest iron concentrations were observed in the hot-wet and post-rainy seasons, respectively, compared to other seasons. Cattle on the sour rangeland had lower (p<0.05) iron concentrations than those on the sweet rangeland. It was concluded that Nguni cattle had lower cholesterol and NEFA, and higher SIP concentrations in the hot-wet season than crossbreds and energy deficits mostly occurred during the late cool-dry season on the sweet rangeland.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.385-390
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• 2015

We report a synthesis of non-toxic InP nanocrystals using non-pyrolytic precursors instead of pyrolytic and unstable tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine, a popular precursor for synthesis of InP nanocrystals. In this study, InP nanocrystals are successfully synthesized using hexaethyl phosphorous triamide (HPT) and the synthesized InP nanocrystals showed a broad and weak photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. As synthesized InP nanocrystals are subjected to further surface modification process to enhance their stability and photoluminescence. Surface modification of InP nanocrystals is done at $230^{\circ}C$ using 1-dodecanethiol, zinc acetate and fatty acid as sources of ZnS shell. After surface modification, the synthesized InP/ZnS nanocrystals show intense PL spectra centered at the emission wavelength 612 nm through 633 nm. The synthesized InP/ZnS core/shell structure is confirmed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES). After surface modification, InP/ZnS nanocrystals having narrow particle size distribution are observed by Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscope (FE-TEM). In contrast to uncapped InP nanocrystals, InP/ZnS nanocrystals treated with a newly developed surface modified procedure show highly enhanced PL spectra with quantum yield of 47%.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 2000

Automated greenhouse production system often require crop growth monitoring involving accurate quantification of plant physiological properties. Conventional methods are usually burdensome, inaccurate, and harmful to crops. A thermal image analysis system can accomplish rapid and accurate measurements of physiological-property changes of stressed crops. In this research a thermal imaging system was used to measure the leaf-temperature changes of several crops according to nutrient stresses. Thermal images were obtained from lettuce, cucumber, and pepper plants. Plants were placed in growth chamber to provide relatively constant growth environment. Results showed that there were significant differences in the temperature of stressed plants and non-stressed plants. In a case of the both N deficiency and excess, the leaf temperatures of cucumber were $2^{\circ}C$ lower than controlled temperature. The leaf temperature of cucumber was $2^{\circ}C$ lower than controlled temperature only when it was under N excess stress. For the potassium deficiency or excess stress, the leaf temperaures of cucumber and hot pepper were $2^{\circ}C$ lower than controls, respectively. The phosphorous deficiency stress dropped the leaf temperatures of cucumber and hot pepper $2^{\circ}C$ and $1.5^{\circ}C$ below than controls. However, the leaf temperature of lettuce did not change. It was possible to detect the changes in leaf temperature by infrared thermography when subjected to nutrition stress. Since the changes in leaf temperatures were different each other for plants and kinds of stresses, however, it is necessary to add a nutrient measurement system to a plant-growth monitoring system using thermography.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1700-1707
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• 2011

This study evaluated the effect of multigrain supplementation on exercise-related changes in running time and glycogen storage capacity of male SD rats engaged in treadmill exercise. Thirty-six 6-week-old rats were divided into six groups: normal (Nor) fed normal feed, control (Con) fed with 20% normal feed and 80% milled rice, test group one (GI) fed with multigrain feed I, test group two (GII) fed with multigrain feed II, test group three (GIII) fed with multigrain feed III, and test group four (GIV) fed with multigrain feed IV. Endurance tests by treadmill machine were administered after 24 days of multigrain feed supplementation and adaptive training. Running time was extended and glycogen storage capacity increased in the multigrain-treated group compared to the non-treated group. Also, the fatigue indicators of inorganic phosphorous, CPK, and lactate concentration were all reduced in the multigrain feed group compared to the control group after 25 min and/or exhausted exercise. But there was no difference in GOP, GTP, lactate, or LDH concentrations between the groups. Our results demonstrated that endurance improved with multigrain feed in rats. Specifically, running time, glycogen storage capacity, inorganic phosphorous, CPK, and lactate serum concentration increased. Importantly, the improvements in endurance brought about in the GII group fed with waxy barley was the greatest among the experimental groups.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.57-60
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• 2013

Ingestion of grapes or raisins has been reported to the occurrence of acute renal failure (ARF) in dogs, although the mechanism remains undetermined. The prognosis often depends on the severity or clinical course of the disease at the time of presentation and is poor if the dog becomes anuric phase. To explore the characteristics and outcome of ARF caused by grape or raisin poisoning, sequentially collected data, from 2005 to 2008, of the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the Kangwon National University for clinical evaluation were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 11 clinically affected dogs, 4 cases made a full recovery, 3 died and 4 were euthanized. All but one case (raisin ingestion) had a history of grape exposure, but the exact quantity of fruit ingested was not known. The female dogs accounted for 72.7% (8 cases). Overall, the mean age was 5.3 years (range 0.2-11.3 years), and the mean body weight was 4.1 kg (range 1.4-13 kg). The average duration of hospital stay was 7.1 days (range 2-22 days). Vomiting and anorexia was reported in all dogs. Diarrhea (4 cases), oliguria (5 cases), and anuria (4 cases) with or without isosthenuria were also reported. Five dogs of 11 had mild to moderate anemia, with a decrease in packed cell volume and hemoglobin. All dogs had elevations in serum phosphorous, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen values, but calcium values were variable; 2 dogs with hypocalcemia, 2 dogs with hypercalcemia, and the remaining 7 cases within reference interval. Dogs (n = 8) with measured on blood gas parameters had metabolic acidosis. In addition, higher serum enzyme activities were observed; amylase in 8 (72.7%) dogs, alkaline phosphatase in 7 (63.6%) dogs, and alanine aminotransferase in 5 (45.5%) dogs. Non-survived dogs revealed lower counts of platelet and lymphocyte subpopulation, as compared to the survived dogs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were to understand the tolerance mechanism of woody plants to water stress and tolerance changes in relation to mycorrhizal formation. Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miq. commonly used for erosion control in slopes were raised from seeds and transplanted to 120 plastic pots. Sixty pots received the top soil of a Fraxinus americana forest, while remaining 60 pots received the autoclaved top soil. The forest soil contained 1,200 spores per 100g of arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungus, mostly Glomus sp. The plants were raised outside with regular supply of water and mineral nutrients. Two kinds of water deficit treatment and a control were started at the middle of July : cyclic water deficit treatment with 3 cycles of sequential water stress at the point of xylem water potential of about -0.6, -0.6, and -1.7 MPa and recovery, and non-cyclic water deficit treatment with single water stress at about -1.5 MPa. The non-stressed plants received plenty of water throughout the period. In late August the plants were harvested for measurements of dry weight, N, P, carbohydrate contents, net photosynthesis and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities. Both cyclic and non-cyclic water deficit treatments reduced dry weight by 60% and 40%, respectively, and reduced nitrogen absorption, while increased SOD activities. Water-stressed plants also showed increased carbohydrate contents in the leaves and lowered stomatal conductance. Mycorrhizal inoculation resulted in an average of 40% infection of roots and 2-3 times increase in P absorption in water-stressed as well as non-stressed plants. Mycorrhizal formation also increased shoot-root ratio. The results that SOD activities of water-stressed plants with mycorrhizal infection were significantly lower than those of non-mycorrhizal plants suggest the possibility of improvement of water-stressed condition by mycorrhizal formation. It was concluded that endomycorrhizal formation increased tolerance of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya seedlings to water stress.