• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2015

We explored Dutch listeners' perception of Korean three-way contrast of fortis, lenis, and aspirated stops. The three Korean stops are all voiceless word-initially, whereas Dutch distinguishes between voiced and voiceless stops, so Korean voiceless stops were expected to be difficult for the Dutch listeners. Among the three Korean stops, fortis stops are phonetically most similar to Dutch voiceless stops, thus they were expected to be the easiest to distinguish for the Dutch listeners. Dutch and Korean listeners carried out a discrimination task using three crucial comparisons, i.e., fortis-lenis, fortis-aspirated, and lenis-aspirated stops. Results showed that discrimination between lenis and aspirated stops was the most difficult among the three comparisons for both Dutch and Korean listeners. As expected, Dutch listeners discriminated fortis from the other stops relatively accurately. It seems likely that Dutch listeners relied heavily on VOT but less on F0 when discriminating between the three Korean stops.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2000년도 7월 학술대회지
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• pp.139-148
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• 2000

This paper reports the results of an experimental phonetic study of intonation contrasts perception by speakers of British English, Japanese and Russian. Six series of re-synthesized two-syllable rise-fall contours with manipulated parameters of the rise in the first and the fall in the second syllable were employed in the experiment. Modifications of pitch height were executed in 2 st steps, and of duration - in 30ms steps. The subjects, who were native speakers of British English, Japanese and Russian, identified the sentence type of presented re-synthesized stimuli. The results of the experiments demonstrate overall similarity of the perception strategies across the three groups of subjects, especially regarding the thresholds of 'declarative' sentence type judgement. Non-declarative judgements are more language-specific. The results can be employed for the teaching of English, Japanese and Russian as foreign languages as well as for speech synthesis and recognition.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2011

This paper examines the categorical labeling of lexical pitch accent contrasts in North Kyungsang and South Cholla Korean listeners. It focuses specifically on investigating whether the pitch accent perception of adults and children has a dialect-specific effect. To evaluate the development of perceptual identification, slopes, intercepts, and positions at categorical boundaries were computed using a logistic regression function. The results showed that differences in slopes and intercepts were significant between North Kyungsang child and adult listeners, but the same was not the case for the positions at boundaries. As far as South Cholla child and adult listeners were concerned, there was a significant difference in slopes, but not intercepts and positions at boundaries. In the present study, the comparison of intercepts and slopes at the boundaries indicated developmental differences between North Kyungsang adult and child listeners. This improvement in categorical proportion seems to be a result of developmental changes in categorical perception. For South Cholla adult and child listeners, however, perception of the non-native contrast becomes less categorical.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2021

본 연구는 한국어 평음과 기음 대조에 초점을 맞춘 지각 훈련을 통해 한국어 학습자들이 L2 폐쇄음을 대조하는 음향 신호의 지각 가중치를 모국어 값의 방향으로 개선하는지 고찰하였다. 중국어가 모국어인 한국어 학습자 19명과 지각 훈련을 진행한 한국어가 모국어인 교사 2명이 실험에 참가하였다. 사전 테스트 결과에 따라 훈련 집단과 비훈련 집단으로 나누었고, 훈련 집단만 5일 동안 지각 훈련을 진행하였다. 폐쇄음 신호의 지각 가중치를 추정하기 위해 음향 신호를 체계적으로 조작한 자극으로 사전 및 사후 테스트를 시행했다. 개별 학습자들의 테스트 결과에 대해 이분형 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 시행해, 말소리 대조를 지각하는 데에 해당 음향 신호를 사용한 가중치를 추정하는 지각 β 계수 값을 계산하였다. 두 폐쇄음을 구별하는 주요 신호인 F0의 지각 계수에 대해, 훈련 집단은 사전 테스트 대비 사후 테스트에서 평균 0.451의 통계적으로 유의미한 증가를 보인 반면 비훈련 집단은 유의미하지 않은 0.246의 증가를 나타냈다. 그러나 지각 훈련 후 F0 사용의 변화 패턴이 개별 학습자들 간에 다양하게 나타났다.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.337-342
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• 1996

In prevoius works we have repored phonetic similarities between Japanese and Spanish voweis and syiiabic sounds. (1) (2) (3) (4). In the present communication we explore the relative importance of duration of the consonantal segment to elicit Spanish /l/ - /r/ distinction by native j Japanese talkers. Three Argentine and three trained native Japanese talkers recorded /l-r/ combined with /a/ in VCV sequences. Modifications of consonant duration and vowel context with transitions were m made by editing natural /ala/ sounds. Mixed VCV were produced by combining sounds of both languages. Perceptual tests were produced by combining sounds of both languages perceptual performed presenting the speech material, to native t trained and non trained Japanese listeners. In a tirst sessIOn a d discrimination procedure was applied. The items were arranged in pairs a and listeners Nere told to indicate the pair that sounded different. In the f following session they were asked to identify and type the letter corresponding to each one of the items. Responses arc examined in tenns of critical duration of the interval between vowels. Preliminary results indicate that the duration of intervocalic intervais was a relevant cue for the identification of /l/ and /r/. It seems that to differentiate the two sounds, Japanese listeners required relatively longer interval steps than the argentine suhjects. There was a tendency to conhlse more frequently /l/ for /r/ than viceversa.

• 음성과학
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• 제6권
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• pp.7-24
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• 1999

Eleven Korean learners of English took part in an experiment where the production and perception of English /r/ and /l/ in four different word positions was investigated. Overall the subjects made more errors on /l/ in both production and identification tests. The frequency of the subjects' errors was also sensitive to word positions in which the two English liquids occur. Especially the subjects made noticeably fewer errors in intervocalic medial position. It is suggested that the Korean subjects' acquisitional pattern in this particular case of foreign phone learning can be explained more by language particular 'interference' effects rather than 'universal' acoustic arguments such as those given in Dissosway et a1. (1982) and Sheldon and Strange (1982). The results of the experiment also support the minority position among second language educators that in some cases of non-native phone acquisition, learners' production abilities can be developed earlier than their perceptual abilities.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제38호
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• pp.99-112
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• 1999

The aim of this paper is to measure the duration of Japanese 'sokuon' [t/k] and 'haneruon' [m/n] produced by Korean and Japanese native speakers. It was shown that in the case of Korean speakers, the duration of geminate of 'sokuon' was 1.5 times longer than that of a single consonant, whereas in the case of Japanese speakers, it was 2 times longer. The difference between Korean and Japanese prosodic structures appears to affect the perception and acquisition of a foreign rhythmic patternm non-existent in the speaker's native tongue. The duration of geminate of [s] was 2 times as long as a single consonant in both Korean and Japanese speakers' production. On the average, the duration of Japanese 'sokuon' [t/k/s] was 1.7 times longer than that of a single consonant in Korean speakers' pronunciation, whereas 2 times longer in Japanese speakers' pronunciation. The production of 'haneruon' by either Korean or Japanese speakers yielded a similar result to 'sokoun': 1) geminates lasted longer than a single consonant; 2) single [m] is longer than single [n]: 3) geminate of [n] is 3 times as long as single [n], whereas geminate of [m] is 2 times as long as single [m].

• 음성과학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.41-58
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• 2003

Coronal/non-coronal asymmetry refers to the typological trend wherein coronals rather than non-coronals are more likely targets in place assimilation. Although the phenomenon has been accounted for by resorting to the notion of unmarkedness in formalistic approaches to sound patterns, the examination of rules and representations cannot answer why there should be such a process in the first place. Furthermore, the motivation of coronal/non-coronal asymmetry has remained controversial to date even in the field of phonetics. The present study investigated the listeners' perception of coronal and non-coronal stops in the context of $VC_{1}C_{2}V$ after critically reviewing the three types of phonetic accounts for coronal/non-coronal asymmetry, i.e., articulatory, perceptual, and gestural overlap accounts. An experiment was conducted to test whether the phenomenon in question may occur, given the listeners' lack of perceptual ability to identify weaker place cues in VC transitions as argued by Ohala (1990), i.e., coronals have weak place cues that cause listeners' misperception. 5pliced nonsense $VC_{1}C_{2}V$ utterances were given to 20 native speakers of English and Korean. Data analysis showed that majority of the subjects reported $C_{2}\;as\;C_{1}$. More importantly, the place of articulation of C1 did not affect the listeners' identification. Compared to non-coronals, coronals did not show a significantly lower rate of correct identifications. This study challenges the view that coronal/non-coronal asymmetry is attributable to the weak place cues of coronals, providing evidence that CV cues are more perceptually salient than VC cues. While perceptual saliency account may explain the frequent occurrence of regressive assimilation across languages, it cannot be extended to coronal/non-coronal asymmetry.

• 음성과학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.201-214
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• 2002

In the Japanese language, there is a phonological contrast between not only initial stops, but also non initial in voiced and voiceless sounds. But in the Korean language, voiced sounds do not appear in the initial. Due to this, pronunciation of voiced sounds in the initial will be difficult for Korean. Through this research, I analyzed the minimal pairs by voiced/voiceless sounds of Japanese and Korean, and perception experiment in which Japanese listened to Korean speakers' pronunciations. Japanese pronunciations showed distinct acoustic differences between voiced and voiceless stops, especially in VOT. The duration of vowels after voiced stops was longer than that of voiceless ones. Vowel pitches after voiceless stops were higher. On the other hands, Korean showed three patterns of voiced sounds. There were-VOT values as native speakers, +VOT, and nasal formant tended to occur before prenasalized stops. Koreans pronounced voiceless sounds in strong aspirated, unaspirated, or tense sounds. Finally, Japanese judged sounds with not only -VOT values and prenasalized, but also with +VOT values as voiced. This suggests that we may not consider VOT values as the unique feature of voicing, and that such other phonetic characteristics as the following vowel lengthening should be included here.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.63-81
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• 2019

기업들은 기존의 웹광고 기법인 베너 광고, 팝업 광고, 삽입 광고 등의 단점들을 극복하기 위해, 이용자들의 거부감을 줄이는 네이티브 광고(native ad)를 적극적으로 활용하고 있다. 네이티브 광고는 이용자들의 거부감을 줄이고 동시에 이목을 이끌어 낼 수 있다는 점에서 유용한 광고기법으로 여겨지고 있으나, 최근에는 전문적인 기사나 동영상 콘텐츠가 광고로 둔갑을 하는 이른바 가짜뉴스, 가짜콘텐츠가 생성되어 그 폐해가 많아 보인다. 이에 본 연구는 웹상에서 기업들이 네이티브 광고를 어떻게 조율하고 통제하는 것이 합리적인 방향으로 기업들의 성과에 기여할 수 있는지에 대하여 파악하고자 하였다. 연구의 검증결과, 광고에 대한 평가가 부정적으로 지각될수록 해당 광고게시물에 대한 설득수준을 저해함과 동시에 해당 광고가 노출되는 웹사이트에도 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것을 파악하였다. 또한, 본 연구는 네이티브 광고기법의 부정적 자극요인들을 중심으로 기업의 질적 성과에 미치는 영향력을 검증한 결과, 정보원의 비전문성이 광고에 대한 의구심에 가장 높은 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 뿐만 아니라 플랫폼의 정보과잉은 광고에 대한 부정적 평가와 더불어 웹사이트의 평가에도 직접적인 영향을 가진다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러 본 연구는 이용자의 웹사이트 관여수준에 따라 경로 간의 차이를 검증함으로써, 세분시장에서 적용될만한 구체적인 시사점들을 제시하였다.