• 충청수학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.475-486
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• 2018

We study free actions of finite nonabelian groups on 3-dimensional nilmanifolds with the first homology ${\mathbb{Z}}^2{\bigoplus}{\mathbb{Z}}_2$ which yield an orbit manifold reversing fiber orientation, up to topological conjugacy. We show that those nonabelian groups are $D_4$(the dihedral group), $Q_8$(the quaternion group), and $C_8.C_4$(the $1^{st}$ non-split extension by $C_8$ of $C_4$ acting via $C_4/C_2=C_2$).

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2018

Let ${\mathcal{C}}$, ${\mathcal{M}}$, ${\mathcal{L}}$ be concircular curvature tensor, M-projective curvature tensor and conharmonic curvature tensor, respectively. We obtain that if a non-Kenmotsu ($k,{\mu}$)'-almost Kenmotsu manifold satisfies ${\mathcal{C}}{\cdot}{\mathcal{S}}=0$, ${\mathcal{R}}{\cdot}{\mathcal{M}}=0$ or ${\mathcal{R}}{\cdot}{\mathcal{L}}=0$, then it is locally isometric to the Riemannian product ${\mathds{H}}^{n+1}(-4){\times}{\mathds{R}}^n$.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2002

To exchange CAD data between heterogeneous CAD systems, we generally use a neutral format especially STEP, which is the international standard (ISO-10303) for product model data exchange. AP214 (Application Protocol) for the automotive industry not only takes into account geometry and organizational data, but also provides a classification mechanism for product modeling. When reading a STEP file during a design process that is exported from other CAD systems, it is a burden to a designer to go through the tedious process of removing duplicate or non-manifold entities, adjusting parts, and rearranging text. We analyze the structure of AP214 and develop a healing tool to solve the following problem. Without the assembly information in the Master workspace of CATIA, or to read a STEP file from Pro/Engineer, a designer should do a repetitive process of disintegrating an assembly into parts one by one. We have developed a post-processing tool for STEP AP214 that separates out a part from an assembly model and adjusts superfluous or useless entities using the ACIS kernel.

• 산업공학
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.141-153
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• 1995

기존의 솔리드 모델링 시스템은 형상 표현에 있어서의 제약성과 통합 시스템으로서의 폐쇄성으로 인하여 응용 범위에 제약이 따른다. 이러한 약점을 극복하고자 하는 노력의 일환으로서, 최근에 등장한 것이 비다양체 모델을 지원하는 CAD 시스템 커널이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 비다양체 모델을 지원할 수 있는 모델링 커널 시스템 개발의 기초가 되는 비다양체 자료구조와 이것을 바탕으로 한 오일러 공식 및 오일러 작업에 대해 소개한다. 그리고 이러한 오일러 작업을 실제로 구현하여 모델링 작업을 수행해 봄으로써, 본 논문에서는 제안된 비다양체 자료구조와 오일러 작업의 유용성을 보인다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.321-331
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• 2015

The K-means clustering algorithm is a popular and widely used method for clustering. For covariance matrices, we consider a geodesic clustering algorithm based on the K-means clustering framework in consideration of symmetric positive definite matrices as a Riemannian (non-Euclidean) manifold. This paper considers a geodesic clustering algorithm for data consisting of symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices, utilizing the Riemannian geometric structure for SPD matrices and the idea of a K-means clustering algorithm. A K-means clustering algorithm is divided into two main steps for which we need a dissimilarity measure between two matrix data points and a way of computing centroids for observations in clusters. In order to use the Riemannian structure, we adopt the geodesic distance and the intrinsic mean for symmetric positive definite matrices. We demonstrate our proposed method through simulations as well as application to real financial data.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2000

Let (X, J) be a closed, connected almost complex four-manifold. Let $X_1$ be the complement of an open disc in X and let ${\varepsilon}_1$be the contact structure on the boundary ${\varepsilon}X_1$ which is compatible with a symplectic structure on $X_1$, Then we show that (X, J) is symplectic if and only if the contact structure ${\varepsilon}_1$ on ${\varepsilon}X_1$ is isomorphic to the standard contact structure on the 3-sphere $S^3$ and ${\varepsilon}X_1$is J-concave. Also we show that there is a contact structure ${\varepsilon}_0\ on\ S^2\times\ S^1$which is not strongly symplectically fillable but symplectically fillable, and that $(S^2{\times}S^1,\;{\varepsilon})$ has infinitely many non-diffeomorphic minimal fillings whose restrictions on$\S^2\times\ S^1$are ${\sigma}$ where ${\sigma}$ is the restriction of the standard symplectic structure on $S^2{\times}D^2$.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.239-258
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• 2021

In the present paper, we introduce the study of slant lightlike submanifolds of indefinite nearly Kaehler manifolds. After proving some geometric results for the existence of slant lightlike submanifolds of indefinite nearly Kaehler manifolds, we give a non-trivial example of this class of lightlike submanifolds. Then, we derive some conditions for the integrability of the distributions associated with slant lightlike submanifolds of indefinite nearly Kaehler manifolds. Consequently, we study totally umbilical slant lightlike submanifolds of indefinite nearly Kaehler manifolds. Subsequently, we investigate minimal slant lightlike submanifolds of indefinite nearly Kaehler manifolds.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.183-205
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• 2024

In this paper, for an m-dimensional (m ≥ 5) complete non-compact submanifold M immersed in an n-dimensional (n ≥ 6) simply connected Riemannian manifold N with negative sectional curvature, under suitable constraints on the squared norm of the second fundamental form of M, the norm of its weighted mean curvature vector |H_f| and the weighted real-valued function f, we can obtain: • several one-end theorems for M; • two Liouville theorems for harmonic maps from M to complete Riemannian manifolds with nonpositive sectional curvature.

• 오토저널
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.46-54
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• 1986

Driving pattern of gasoline passenger car was measured and analyzed at some areas(6urban area routes, 4 radial routes, 4 circular routes)in Seoul city. Measured items were vehicle speed, engine speed, intake manifold vacuum, and fuel consumption. Driving pattern data were reappearanced with engine dynamometer. Results of this investigation might be summarized as below; 1. When we compared urban area route with radial or circular route in rush hour, it was found that the average vehicle speed was measured to be lower about 25% and fuel consumption to be higher about 12% in urban area route. 2. Average vehicle speed was measured to be higher about 30% and driving resistance output to be higher about 25% in non-rush hour, but average fuel economy was increased a little. 3. On the bases of average fuel economy and characteristics of exhaust emissions, optimum driving vehicle speed was found about 60 km/h in the 4th(top)and about 40km/h in the 3rd in driving of experimental engine. 4. Idling frequency and exhaust emissions of CO,HC were related to idling closely. But exhaust emission of NOx, which had nothing to do with idling frequency, had relation to acceleration time ratio.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2008

Ferritic stainless steels of the 400 series have been available for automotive exhaust system, heat exchanger, radiater etc. in various industrial because heat resistance, corrosion resistance and strength are excellent. Especially, automotive exhaust system is required good heat resistance because typical temperature of exhaust system exposed during operation of engine is reach up to $800^{\circ}C$. However, research for effect of high temperature in ferritic stainless steels is not enough. In this study, high temperature tensile properties of lap weld of ferritic stainless steels(STS 429) were investigated. In accordance with heat input, lap welds had been produced and were evaluated at high temperature($800^{\circ}C$) to compare high temperature tensile properties. In addition, room temperature tensile tests were carried out for non-aging and aging specimens. As a result of R.T tensile test, non-aging specimens were fractured in base metal except for low heat input specimen and aging specimens were fractured in weld metal. Also high temperature tensile test were carried out by aging specimen. After high temperature tensile test, fracture of aged specimen was occurred in base metal except for low heat input specimen. Fracture surface of low heat input specimen in weld metal was confirmed as brittle fracture with observation using scanning electron microscope(SEM). Significant decrease in ultimate tensile strength (between 82 and 85%) was observed for aged ferritic stainless steels(STS 429) when tested at high temperature.