• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1528-1528
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• 2001

Ginseng cultivated in different country or growing condition has generally different components such as saponin and protein, and it relates to efficacy and action. Protein content assumes by nitrogen content in ginseng radix. Nitrogen content could be determined by chemical analysis such as kjeldahl or extraction methods. However, these methods require long analysis time and result environmental pollution and sample damage. In this work we investigated possibility of non-destructive determination of nitrogen content in ginseng radix using near-infrared spectroscopy. Ginseng radix, root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, was studied. Total 120 samples were used in this study and it was consisted of 6 sample sets, 4, 5 and 6-year-old Korea ginseng and 7, 8 and 9-year-old China ginseng, respectively. Each sample set has 20 sample. Nigrogen content was measured by electronic analysis. NIR reflectance spectra were collected over the 1100 to 2500 nm spectral region with a InfraAlyzer 500C (Bran+Luebbe, Germany) equipped with a halogen lapmp and PbS detector and data were collected every 2 nm data point intervals. The calibration models were carried out by multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least squares (PLS) analysis using IDAS and SESAME software. Result of electronic analysis, Korean ginseng were different mean value in nitrogen content of China ginseng. Ginseng tend to generally decrease the nitrogen content according as cultivation year is over 6 years. The MLR calibration model with 8 wavelengths using IDAS software accurately predicted nitrogen contents with correlation coefficient (R) and standard error of prediction of 0.985 and 0.855%, respectively. In case of SESAME software, the MLR calibration with 9 wavelength was selected the best calibration, R and SEP were 0.972 and 0.596%, respectively. The PLSR calibration model result in 0.969 of R and 0.630 of RMSEP. This study shows the NIR spectroscopy could be applied to determine the nitrogen content in ginseng radix with high accuracy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1133-1133
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• 2001

Fruit sweetness, as indexed by total soluble solids (TSS), and fruit acidity are key factors in the description of the fruit eating quality. Our group has been using short wave NIR spectroscopy (SW-NIR; 700-1100 nm) in combination with chemometric methods (PLS and MLR) for the non-invasive determination of the fruit eating quality (1,2). In order to further improve calibration performance, we have investigated SW-NIR spectra of sucrose and D-glucose. In previous reports on the band assignment for these sugars in the 1100-2500 nm spectral region (3-7), it has been established that change in concentration, temperature and physical state of sugars reflects on the shape and position of the spectral bands in the whole NIR region(5-7). The effect of change in concentration and temperature of individual sugar solutions and sugar spiked Juice samples was analysed using combined spectroscopic (derivative, difference, 2D spectroscopy) and linear regression chemometric (PLS, MLR) techniques. The results have been compared with the spectral data of a range of fruit types, varying in TSS content and temperature. In the 800-950 nm spectral region, the B-coefficients for apples, peaches and nectarines resemble those generated in a calibration of pure sucrose in water (Fig. 1). As expected, these fruits exhibit better calibration and prediction results than those in which the B-coefficients were poorly related to those for sugar.(Figure omitted).

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.8-15
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• 2016

Bioremediation, which uses microbes to degrade most organic pollutants in soil and groundwater, can be used in solving environmental issues in various polluted sites. In this research, a wind-driven bioventing system is built to degrade about 20,000 mg/kg of high concentration diesel pollutants in soil-pollution mode. The wind-driven bioventing test was proceeded by the bioaugmentation method, and the indigenous microbes used were Bacillus cereus, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and Pseudomonas putida. The phenomenon of two-stage diesel degradation of different rates was noted in the test. In order to interpret the results of the mode test, three microbes were used to degrade diesel pollutants of same high concentration in separated aerated batch-mixing vessels. The data derived thereof was input into the Haldane equation and calculated by non-linear regression analysis and trial-and-error methods to establish the kinetic parameters of these three microbes in bioventing diesel degradation. The results show that in the derivation of μ_m (maximum specific growth rate) in biodegradation kinetics parameters, K_s (half-saturation constant) for diesel substance affinity, and K_i (inhibition coefficient) for the adaptability of high concentration diesel degradation. The K_s is the lowest in the trend of the first stage degradation of Bacillus cereus in a high diesel concentration, whereas K_i is the highest, denoting that Bacillus cereus has the best adaptability in a high diesel concentration and is the most efficient in diesel substance affinity. All three microbes have a degradation rate of over 50% with regards to Pristane and Phytane, which are branched alkanes and the most important biological markers.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.191-198
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• 2005

A novel technology for the removal of nitrogen from wastewater, an autotrophic denitrification process with sulfur particles, has been developed. A respirometer was employed to monitor the nitrogen gas produced in the reactor, while 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining was employed to investigate the biomass distribution in terms of cell number according to the reactor height. From the respirometric monitoring, the denitrification reaction was defined as a first order reaction. The reactor was divided into 7 sections and biomass was analyzed in each section where cell number was ranged from $4.8\;{\times}\;10^6\;to\;8.7\;{\times}\;10^7$ cells/g dry weight of sulfur. Cells placed mostly in the lower layer ( < 10 cm of height). A function for biomass distribution was obtained with non-linear regression. Then a mathematical model has been developed by combining a plug-flow model with the biomass distribution function. The model could make a vertical profile of the up-flow packed-bed reactor resulting in a reasonable comparison with measured nitrate concentration with 5% of error range.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate how irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects fatigue scales and eating habits in children and adolescents using Rome IV criteria. Methods Questionnaires and The $PedsQL^{TM}$ Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS) have been given to 211 children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 years old who were admitted to ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university Korean medicine hospital pediatric departments, from 29th, July, 2016 to 12th, August, 2016 to evaluate their eating habits and fatigue. Additionally, PASW statistics 18.0 were used to analyze influence of irritable bowel syndrome on eating habits and fatigue in children and adolescents by using chi-square test, independent t-test and linear regression. Results In total of 211 subjects, 29 (13.7%) were diagnosed with IBS according to the Rome IV criteria. 1. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between IBS group and non-IBS group on a specific question in the eating habit questionnaire: the amount of sugar intake and the prevalence of IBS. 2. There was a statistically significant difference in general fatigue and cognitive fatigue categories when comparing the MFS subscores according to the prevalence of IBS. Conclusions Considering patients eating habits and fatigue is a necessary process for the successful treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Korean medicine that maximizes quality of life while minimizing the potential risks to the patients of gastrointestinal disease should also include administrative interventions that may be helpful in the daily life of IBS patients.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.577-597
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• 2014

This paper aims to develop a prediction model for the hardened properties of waste LCD glass that is used in concrete by analyzing a series of laboratory test results, which were obtained in our previous study. We also summarized the testing results of the hardened properties of a variety of waste LCD glass concretes and discussed the effect of factors such as the water-binder ratio (w/b), waste glass content (G) and age (t) on the concrete compressive strength, flexural strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity. This study also applied a hyperbolic function, an exponential function and a power function in a non-linear regression analysis of multiple variables and established the prediction model that could consider the effect of the water-binder ratio (w/b), waste glass content (G) and age (t) on the concrete compressive strength, flexural strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity. Compared with the testing results, the statistical analysis shows that the coefficient of determination $R^2$ and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were 0.93-0.96 and 5.4-8.4% for the compressive strength, 0.83-0.89 and 8.9-12.2% for the flexural strength and 0.87-0.89 and 1.8-2.2% for the ultrasonic pulse velocity, respectively. The proposed models are highly accurate in predicting the compressive strength, flexural strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity of waste LCD glass concrete. However, with other ranges of mixture parameters, the predicted models must be further studied.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.355-362
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• 2006

The age and growth of brown sole, Pleuronectes herzensteini were investigated from samples randomly collected in the East Sea of Korea from April, 2003 to March, 2004. Ages were determined from annuli in otoliths and annuli were formed between March and May once a year. Also, main spawning period were estimated between March and April, thus rings were considered as annual marks. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated from a non-linear regression method were $L_{\infty}=37.2cm$, K=0.131/year, $t_0=-2.008years$ for female and $L_{\infty}=28.3cm$, K=0.177/year, $t_0=-2.135years$ for male, and the growth between female and male was different.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2007

Age and growth of black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli sampled from the Tongyeong marine ranching area in Korea waters were determined from 1,173 otoliths from July, 2001 to May, 2004. Examination of outer margins of the otolith showed that the opaque zone was formed once a year. Marginal increment of the otolith formed annual ring from July. The von Bertalanffy growth curve had the growth parameters estimated from non-linear regression were $L_t=48.45(1-e^{-0.2139(t+0.4313)})$, $W_t=1,837.93(1-e^{-0.2139(t+0.4313)})^{3.02}$ 3.02 for females and, $L_t=49.32(1-e^{-0.1775(t+0.7403)})$, $W_t=1,887.83(1-e^{-0.1775(t+0.7403)})^3$ for males, where t is age (year) and Lt is body length (mm) at age t. Growth at the age of male and female shows significant difference (p<0.01).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.658-670
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the predictors of blood and body fluid exposure (BBFE) in multifaceted individual (sleep disturbance and fatigue), occupational (occupational stress), and organizational (hospital safety climate) factors, as well as infection prevention behavior. We also aimed to test the mediating effect of infection prevention behavior in relation to multifaceted factors and the frequency of BBFE. Methods: This study was based on a secondary data analysis, using data of 246 nurses from the Shift Work Nurses' Health and Turnover study. Based on the characteristics of zero-inflated and over-dispersed count data of frequencies of BBFE, the data were analyzed to calculate zero-inflated negative binomial regression within a generalized linear model and to test the mediating effect using SPSS 25.0, Stata 14.1, and PROCESS macro. Results: We found that the frequency of BBFE increased in subjects with disturbed sleep (IRR = 1.87, p = .049), and the probability of non-BBFE increased in subjects showing higher infection prevention behavior (IRR = 15.05, p = .006) and a hospital safety climate (IRR = 28.46, p = .018). We also found that infection prevention behavior had mediating effects on the occupational stress-BBFE and hospital safety climate-BBFE relationships. Conclusion: Sleep disturbance is an important risk factor related to frequency of BBFE, whereas preventive factors are infection prevention behavior and hospital safety climate. We suggest individual and systemic efforts to improve sleep, occupational stress, and hospital safety climate to prevent BBFE occurrence.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.3-19
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to investigate desirable width / height ratio of enclosed space and to offer basic information for the design of enclosed spaces. The data of this study were gathered from the experiment through simulation. Photographic sampling of 7 campus sites located in Kwanak campus of Seoul National University and slides of perspective drawings of enclosed spaces with various D/H ratio (12, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12)were used for simulation. A response format was made using the method of paired comparison and students from various departments were randomly selected for evaluation. In the method of analysis of data Thurstone's equation of Comparative Judgement was used for calculating preference score. A1so non-linear regression analysis was used for finding out relations between preference and D/H ratio. The other method of data analysis were correlation, Chi - test. And the results were summarized as follows. 1. In sketch simulation the ratio of D/H 4 got the highest preference store. This result suggests that desirable D/H ratio of enclosed space is D/H 4. And at the lower range of D/H ratio, as ratio increases, the preference score increases. At the higher range of D/H ratio, however, as ratio increases, the preference score starts to decrease from the cardinal point of D/H 4. 2. In campus photograph simulation preference is influenced by slope, elevation change of floor, trees, lawn area, familiarity, space arrangement, and exterior shape of building besides D/H ratio. 3. The preference virtue was not significantly affected by order effect. This result suggests that order effect can be ignored in the study of visual preference. 4. There are so many factors related to preference that it is difficult to explore those factors without scientific information based on scientific method. We must carry out study for scientific approach of planning and design based on precise, complete simulation technique.