• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.67.3-68
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to improve repeatability of a non-invasive blood glucose measurement. The portable NIR system that was newly integrated by our lab includes a tungsten halogen lamp, a specialized reflectance fiber optic probe and a photo diode array type InGaAs detector, which was developed by a microchip technology based on the lithography. Reflectance NIR spectra of finger tip were recorded by using a fiber optic probe. The probe was fixed in the system and subjects put their finger on the probe head. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2008

In pulse diagnosis, floating pulse and sinking pulse are frequently used for diagnosis about where disease is located and how much severe they are. However, in what mechanism floating pulse and sinking pulse arise is not known well. There are two point of views on substantial of floating pulse and sinking pulse. The first one is the floating and sinking degrees is the expression on the depth of pulsation. And, the second one is floating and sinking pulse is based on the response of pulsation to the indent pressure on radial artery. In this paper, we discussed these two opinions in the view point of tonometric measurement. The process for diagnosis on floating pulse and sinking pulse is similar to the tonometric measurement for non invasive blood pressure or intraocular pressure. We modelled the degrees of depth of pulsation with different indent pressures for initial pulsation feeling and different slopes of indent pressure lines. From this modelling, we can confirm the effect of pulsation depth on P-H curve, that is, in the model where lower pulsation is assumed, the shift of optimal indent pressure to the right was observed. The response of pulse pressure to the indent pressure was tried to be modelled with the degrees of mean blood pressure. Consequently, we tried to model the phenomenon of floating and sinking pulse for the first. And, from this modelling, we can get abundant understanding on how floating and sinking pulse can be caused. In the further study, we want to prove the suitability of this tonometric measurement based modelling with various studies including ultrasound measurement for the depth of pulsation in different EMI subjects.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.311-316
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• 2011

Monitoring the carbon dioxide concentration in arterial blood is vital for the evaluation and prevention of pulmonary disease. Yet, domestic pure arterial blood carbon dioxide sensor technologies are not being developed, instead all sensors are imported. In this paper, we develop a real time monitoring system for arterial blood partial pressure of carbon dioxide($pCO_2$) gas from the wrist by using a carbon micro-heater. The micro-heater was fabricated with a thickness of 0.3 ${\mu}m$ in order to collect the carbon dioxide under the skin. The micro-heater has been designed to perform temperature compensation in order to prevent damage to the skin. Two clinical trials of the system were undertaken. As a result, we demonstrated that a portable, transcutaneous carbon dioxide analysis($TcpCO_2$) device produced domestically is possible. In addition, this system reduced the analysis time significantly. Carbon films could reduce the unit price of these sensors by replacing the gold film used in foreign models. Also, we developed a real time monitoring system which can be used with optical biosensors for medical diagnostics as well as gas sensors for environmental monitoring.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1399-1403
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• 1992

The evaluation of the effectivess of ongoing cardiopulmonary resucitation efforts is dependent on the commonly used methods, such as the presence of femoral or carotid artery pulsations, arterial blood gas determinations, peripheral arterial pressure and intracardiac pressure monitoring. But recent studies suggest that end-tidal carbon dioxide tension serves as a non-invasive measurement of pulmonary blood flow and therefore cardiac output under constant ventilation. A prospective clinical study was done to determine whether end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring in open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass could be used as a prognostic indicator of bypass weaning. We monitored end-tidal PCO2 values continuously during cardiopulmonary bypass in 30 patients. "Ohmeda 5210 CO-2 monitor" under infrared absorption method were incorperated into the ventilator circuit by means of a side point adaptor between endotracheal tube and ventilator tubing. 18 patients[Group I ] were res-ucitated from partial bypass followed by aorta cross clamp off and 12 patients[Group II ] from aorta cross clamp off followed by partial bypass. But there was no difference between two groups[p>0.05]. The value of end-tidal carbon dioxide tension during ventricular fibrillation or nearly arrest state was 6.6$\pm$2.9 mmHg, and at the time of spontaneous beating was 19.3$\pm$5.6 mmHg[Mean$\pm$Standard deviation], In conclusion end-tidal carbon dioxide tension monitoring provides clinically useful, continous, noninvasive and supplementary prognostic indicator during cardiopulmonary bypass weaning procedures.rocedures.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.276-285
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• 2020

Purpose: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranges in severity from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis. Early detection of NAFLD is important for preventing the disease from progressing to become an irreversible end-stage liver disease. We developed a nomogram that allows for non-invasive screening for NAFLD in obese children. Methods: Anthropometric and laboratory data of 180 patients from our pediatric obesity clinic were collected. Diagnoses of NAFLD were based on abdominal ultrasonographic findings. The nomogram was constructed using predictors from a multivariate analysis of NAFLD risk factors. Results: The subjects were divided into non-NAFLD (n=67) and NAFLD groups (n=113). Factors, including sex, body mass index, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT), uric acid, triglycerides, and insulin, were significantly different between the two groups (all p<0.05) as determined using homeostatis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In our multivariate logistic regression analysis, elevated serum ALT, γGT, and triglyceride levels were significantly related to NAFLD development. The nomogram was established using γGT, uric acid, triglycerides, HOMA-IR, and ALT as predictors of NAFLD probability. Conclusion: The newly developed nomogram may help predict NAFLD risk in obese children. The nomogram may also allow for early NAFLD diagnosis without the need for invasive liver biopsy or expensive liver imaging, and may also allow clinicians to intervene early to prevent the progression of NAFLD to become a more advanced liver disease.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.142-146
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• 2010

Background: Stellate ganglion block (SGB) is known to increase blood flow to the innervations area of the stellate ganglion. Near infrared spectroscopy reflects an increased blood volume and allows continuous, non-invasive, and bedside monitoring of regional cerebral oxygen saturation ($rSO_2$). We investigated the influence of SGB on bilateral cerebral oxygenation using a near infrared spectroscopy. Methods: SGB was performed on 30 patients with 1% lidocaine 10 ml using a paratracheal technique at the C6 level and confirmed by the presence of Horner's syndrome. The blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and rSO2 were measured before SGB and 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after SGB. Tympanic temperature of each ear was measured prior to SGB and 20 minutes after SGB. Results: The increments of the $rSO_2$ on the block side from the baseline were statistically significant at 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes. The $rSO_2$ on the non-block side compared with the baseline, however, decreased at 15 and 20 minutes. The difference between the block and the non-block sides was significant at 15 and 20 minutes. The BP at 10, 15 and 20 minutes was increased and the HR was increased at 10 and 15 minutes. Conclusions: We observed an increment of the $rSO_2$ on the block side from the baseline; however, the $rSO_2$ on the non-block side decreased.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.263-272
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• 2006

Purpose Brain vessles have autoregulation function, so even when perfusion pressure drops, cerebral blood flow remain stable by vasodilation. Latest research on this reserve of cerebral vessels is being done using TCD, which measures the reserve of the vessels. We did a research comparing cerebral vessel and peripheral vessel reserve between Taeumin, who are more likely to suffer CVA, and the normal. We observed blood flow of Internal carotid artery siphon and radial indicis artery of the two group with TCD. Method We picked 20 people out of patients diagnosed as cerebral infarction at Cheon-An Oriental hospital of Daejeon University. They were diagnosed as Taeumin with QSCCII questionnaire and constitutional differentiation. Using TCD, we measured highest blood flow rate, mean blood flow and asymmetric counting blood flow of Internal carotid artery siphon and radial indicis artery at rest. And then we measured again after stimulating cerebral vessels, by triggering hypercapnia by self apnea and peripheral vessels by palm heating. Result At rest, mean blood flow rate of Internal carotid artery siphon showed significant decrease compared to control group. Blood flow rate of Internal carotid artery siphon after hypercapnia showed significant decline in highest blood flow rate and mean blood flow compared to control group. Cerebral vessel reaction after the hypercapnia induction showed great change in experiment group than the control group. Peripheral vessel reaction after palm heating showed significant decline in experiment group compared to control group. Conclusion In conclusion, measuring the alteration of blood flow used in diagnosing cerebral infarction, is more sensitive when vessel stimulation is done. Non-invasive TCD is effective especially in case of Taeumin who are more likely to suffer vascular disorder than others.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2017

Measuring the pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a non-invasive method for evaluating the stiffness of the vessel wall. While previous studies investigated the association of uric acid level with arterial stiffness, most did not consider smoking status and obesity as covariates. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between uric acid levels and arterial stiffness, considering smoking status and obesity. We studied 3390 subjects (1940 males and 1450 females). Abnormal PWV was also defined as the highest quartile of values in the subjects. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, t-test, and multiple regression analysis. Approximately 41.9% of men and 3.7% of women were current smokers. Prevalence of hypertension was 11.4% in men and 7.0% in women. In women, hyperuricemia was associated with abnormal PWV (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.03~2.43). Hyperuricemia was also associated with abnormal PWV (OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.01~5.59) in non- or light male smokers with normal blood pressure. This study suggests that uric acid is associated with arterial stiffness in women and non-smoking men.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3843-3846
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess prognosis after resection of giant tumors (including lobectomy or pneumonectomy) in the mediastinum. Materials and Methods: Patients with resection of a giant tumor in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity received ICU treatment including dynamic monitoring of vital signs, arterial blood pressure and CVP detection, determination of hemorrhage, pulmonary function and blood gas assay, treatment of relevant complications, examination and treatment with fiber optic bronchoscopy, transfusion and hemostasis as well as postoperative removal of ventilators by invasive and non-invasive sequential mechanical ventilation technologies. Results: Six patients were rehabilitated successfully after ICU treatment with controlled postoperative errhysis and pulmonary infection by examination and treatment with fiber optic bronchoscopy without second application of ventilators and tubes after sequential mechanical ventilation technology. One patient died from multiple organ failure under ICU treatment due to postoperative active hemorrhage after second operative hemostasis. Conclusions: During peri-operative period of resection of giant tumor (including lobectomy or pneumonectomy) in mediastinum ofthe thoracic cavity, the ICU plays an important role in dynamic monitoring of vital signs, treatment of postoperative stress state, postoperative hemostasis and successful removal of ventilators after sequential mechanical ventilation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.307-310
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• 2003

An atrial septal defect (ASD) is congenital heart disease with a communication between the atria, which allows blood to shoot from the atrium with pressure. A 3-month-old female Miniature Schunauzer was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University for the evaluation of systolic heart murmur. At presentation, the mucous membrane was cyanotic. On physical examination, an ejection-type systolic murmur was auscultated at the pulmonic area. In addition, thoracic radiography showed enlargement of main pulmonary artery and right atrial/ventricular enlargement. Echocardiography revealed dilated right atrium and atrial septal defect. However, mitral and tricuspid valve were still intact and well tolerating. The presence of an ASD was confirmed by identifying flow across the defect with color Doppler imaging. Doppler echocardiography provides a means of non-invasive documentation and quantification of ASD. Complete blood count and serum chemistry were not remarkable. Although large defect was confirmed between the two atrium, the patient did not show any obvious clinical signs of heart failure at this time.