• 청정기술
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.129-139
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• 2005

불소 화합물인 TFEA (2,2,2-trifluoroethanol)와 HFE (hydrofluoroether)는 분자 내에 염소를 함유하지 않으므로 오존층을 파괴하지 않으며, HFC, HCFC계 세정제에 비하여 지구온난화 영향력도 낮고, 탄화수소계 세정제보다 열적으로 안정하여 차세대 CFC 대체세정제로 주목받고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 CFC-113, 1,1,1-TCE, HCFC-141b 등의 오존파괴물질인 염소계 세정제와 차세대 대체세정제인 TFEA, HFE-7100, HFE-7200의 물성과 세정력을 비교 평가하고, 현재 대체세정제로사용하고 있는 IPA, methanol과의 물성, 세정력을 비교 평가하였다. 또한, TFEA를 기초로 하여 alcohols, HFEs와의 혼합 비수계세정제를 제조하고, 이들의 물리적 성질과 세정력을 측정하여 불소계 화합물의 대체세정제로서의 활용가능성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, TFEA와 HFEs는 현재 주요 기간산업에서 사용하는 다양한 오염물지릉 세정에서 염소계 세정제에 비하여 낮은 세정능력을 보여주었지만, 불소를 함유한 화합물이므로 불소함유 오일의 제거에는 우수한 세정력을 보였다. 또한 TFEA와 alcohols 또는 HFEs를 혼합하여 사용함으로써 플럭스와 절삭유에 대한 세정력을 100%까지 향상시킬 수 있어 불소계 화합물을 적절한 용제 또는 첨가제와 혼합하여 혼합세정제로 사용하면, 세정능력이 우수하고 환경친화적인 비수계세정제를 개발할 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.557-560
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 식물세포배양으로부터 항암제 paclitaxel 정제를 위한 전처리 공정으로 계면활성제 (surfactant)를 이용한 마이셀(micelle) 공정을 개발하였으며, 특히 마이셀 공정에서의 계면활성제 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 마이셀은 친수성 그룹과 소수성 그룹으로 구성되어 있어 마이셀 내부로는 물에 녹지 않는 paclitaxel을 소수성 그룹이 감싸게 되고 외부는 친수성 그룹이 되어 수용액에 용해될 수 있게 된다. 따라서 식물세포인 biomass로부터 유기용매 추출액을 건조하여 상 분리에 적합한 유기용매에 녹인 후 마이셀 형성에 적합한 계면활성제를 첨가하고 교반하여 정체시키면 물에 녹지 않는 paclitaxel이 마이셀 내부의 소수성 그룹에 감싸여 수용액 상로 이동하고 paclitaxel을 제외한 여러 가지 불순물들 (특히 lipid 성분들)은 유기용매 상에 그대로 존재하게 되어 paclitaxel과 불순물들을 효율적으로 분리하게 된다. 본 실험에서는 분리 및 정제에 많이 쓰이는 대표적인 양이온(CPC, CTMAC, LTMAC), 음이온 (SDS, AOT), 비이온 (Tween, PEG, Triton) 계면활성제의 영향에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 양이온 계면활성제인 CTMAC (5%, w/v)을 이용한 마이셀 공정에서 가장 높은 수율 (${\sim}99%$)과 순도 (${\sim}21%$)를 얻었으며 또한 마이셀 형성 후 상 분리에 30 min 정도 소요되어 가장 단시간에 상 분리가 이루어짐을 알 수 있었다. 전처리 공정에서의 마이셀 형성 및 상 분리 방법은 불순물로부터 효과적으로 높은 순도의 paclitaxel을 고수율로 회수할 수 있어 최종 정제를 위한 전처리 공정으로 매우 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1665-1672
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• 2012

An 80% ethanol extract of Hizikia fusiforme was obtained and followed by successive fractionation using the organic solvents n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol to identify the antioxidative substance. The aqueous part of the nbutanol fractionation step, showing high antioxidative activity, was subjected to reverse-phase liquid chromatography. As a result, a substance purified from a BB-2 fraction showed high antioxidative activity. The m/z 419 [M+H] molecular ion peak in the fraction was observed by the analysis of the ESI-LC/MS spectrum. By the analysis of 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-$d_6$) and $^{13}C$ NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-$d_6$) spectra, a unique compound of the fraction was biochemically identified as a 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone (5HHMF). We also investigated the effect of 5HHMF on human gastric AGS carcinoma cells. Western blot analysis suggested that the flavone substantially increased the levels of the death receptor-associated apoptosis mediators Fas, Fas L, FADD, TRADD, and DR4 in a concentration-dependent manner. The levels of Fas, Fas L, TRADD, and DR4 in the cells treated with 5HHMF ($5{\mu}g/ml$) were approximately 26.4-, 12.8-, 6.7-, and 9.8-times higher than those of non-treated cells, respectively. Of note, the level of FADD protein in the cells exposed to 5HHMF ($1{\mu}g/ml$) increased approximately 9.6-times. In addition, the cleavage of caspase-3, -8, and -9 in cultured AGS cells treated with 5HHMF was significantly confirmed. Therefore, our results suggest that 5HHMF from H. fusiforme is involved in the induction of death receptor-associated apoptosis mediators in human gastric AGS carcinoma cells.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1999년도 The 7th Summer Workshop of the Membrane Society of Korea
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• pp.39-42
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• 1999

Perfluoropolymers represent the ultimate resistance to hostile chemical environments and high service temperature, attributed to the presence of fluorine in the polymer backbone, i.e. to the high bond energy of C-F and C-C bonds of fluorocarbons. Copolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene (TEE) and 2, 2, 4Trifluoro-5Trifluorometoxy- 1, 3Dioxole (TTD), commercially known as HYFLON AD, are amorphous perfluoropolymers with glass transition temperature (Tg)higher than room temperature, showing a thermal decomposition temperature exceeding 40$0^{\circ}C$. These polymer systems are highly soluble in fluorinated solvents, with low solution viscosities. This property allows the preparation of self-supported and composite membranes with desired membrane thickness. Symmetric and asymmetric perfluoropolymer membranes, made with HYFLON AD, have been prepared and evaluated. Porous and not porous symmetric membranes have been obtained by solvent evaporation with various processing conditions. Asymmetric membranes have been prepared by th wet phase inversion method. Measure of contact angle to distilled water have been carried out. Figure 1 compares experimental results with those of other commercial membranes. Contact angles of about 120$^{\circ}$for our amorphous perfluoropolymer membranes demonstrate that they posses a high hydrophobic character. Measure of contact angles to hexandecane have been also carried out to evaluate the organophobic character. Rsults are reported in Figure 2. The observed strong organophobicity leads to excellent fouling resistance and inertness. Porous membranes with pore size between 30 and 80 nanometers have shown no permeation to water at pressures as high as 10 bars. However high permeation to gases, such as O2, N2 and CO2, and no selectivities were observed. Considering the porous structure of the membrane, this behavior was expected. In consideration of the above properties, possible useful uses in th field of gas- liquid separations are envisaged for these membranes. A particularly promising application is in the field of membrane contactors, equipments in which membranes are used to improve mass transfer coefficients in respect to traditional extraction and absorption processes. Gas permeation properties have been evaluated for asymmetric membranes and composite symmetric ones. Experimental permselectivity values, obtained at different pressure differences, to various single gases are reported in Tab. 1, 2 and 3. Experimental data have been compared with literature data obtained with membranes made with different amorphous perfluoropolymer systems, such as copolymers of Perfluoro2, 2dimethyl dioxole (PDD) and Tetrafluorethylene, commercialized by the Du Pont Company with the trade name of Teflon AF. An interesting linear relationship between permeability and the glass transition temperature of the polymer constituting the membrane has been observed. Results are descussed in terms of polymer chain structure, which affects the presence of voids at molecular scale and their size distribution. Molecular Dyanmics studies are in progress in order to support the understanding of these results. A modified Theodoru- Suter method provided by the Amorphous Cell module of InsightII/Discover was used to determine the chain packing. A completely amorphous polymer box of about 3.5 nm was considered. Last but not least the use of amorphous perfluoropolymer membranes appears to be ideal when separation processes have to be performed in hostile environments, i.e. high temperatures and aggressive non-aqueous media, such as chemicals and solvents. In these cases Hyflon AD membranes can exploit the outstanding resistance of perfluoropolymers.